Agriculture in Ghana
| Subclass of | agriculture of the Earth  |
|---|---|
| Facet of | Ghana |
| Country | Ghana |
Agriculture in Ghana (Kuob nɛ gʋ'ʋl lʋgʋr dim ) banɛ bɛ Ghana la anɛ banɛ mɔr kpaadib laad bɛdigʋ. Di anɛ ligidi yisib lʋgʋr. Ba Sʋŋid Ghana nidib banɛ mɔr gbana nɛ banɛ kae gbana wʋsa ka paamid tʋʋma.[1][2] Di zi'enɛ tis lʋgʋr kanɛ gɔsid diib yɛlla la.[3] Ghana mɔr bʋnbʋʋda tis zin'ig wʋsa. Din yi banɛ kuod bɔn'ɔgʋn nɛ kem paae banɛ kuod pipirisin. Di mɔr kpaadib bʋnbʋʋda wʋʋ busa, ki nam, cocoa, abɛ tiis, gʋʋr tiis, sʋma nɛ tibɛda nam wʋʋ timber nam. La'ad bama anɛ yɛlkpan kanɛ yisid ligidi Ghana kpaadib ni. Kuob nɛ gʋ'ʋl lʋgʋr la da nyaŋi tis nidib tʋʋma kɔbiga pʋʋgin wʋʋ pisnʋ nɛ atan Ghana nidib banɛ kae tʋʋma.[4][5] Bɔzugɔ saa la na nyaŋi sʋŋ agric tʋʋma la.saŋgbana la ya'a tia'as li mɔrnɛ daaŋi tisid zʋʋd banɛ ka ti kuod ligidi yɛlla nɛ banɛ ka ti kuod diib yɛlla la.[6][7]
Nwɛnɛ paalʋ ya'a an' kilometre nam wʋʋ 136,000 km2 (53,000 sq mi), ka sʋ'ʋg bɛɛ mɔr kɔbiga pʋʋgin wʋʋ pisnʋ nɛ ayɔpɔi 57% ka paalʋ la mɔr 238,539 km2 (92,100 sq mi) di bigis nɛ ye zin'ig la anɛ kuob zin'ig ka fʋ na ye 58,000 km2 (22,000 sq mi) anɛ teŋ kpi'emis kuob zin'ig ka 11,000 mɛ an' dɔn'ʋsʋg paalʋ zin'ig.[8]
Ghana da kua si'em yʋʋm tusa ayi nɛ piinɛ anii (2018) la ni:
- 20.8 million tons of cassava (paasi anaasi daan dunia wʋsa ni, di tia'alnɛ Nigeria, Thailand nɛ Congo);
- 7.8 million tons of yam (paasi ayi dunia wʋsa ani, Nigeria gaad tuon ka ba tia'al);
- 4.1 million tons of plantain (2nd largest producer in the world, just behind Congo);
- 2.6 million tons of palm oil (8th largest producer in the world);
- 2.3 million tons of maize;
- 1.4 million tons of taro (4th largest producer in the world, second only to Nigeria, China and Cameroon);
- 947 thousand tons of cocoa (2nd largest producer in the world, second only to Ivory Coast);
- 769 thousand tons of rice;
- 753 thousand tons of orange (19th largest producer in the world);
- 713 thousand tons of pineapple (11th largest producer in the world);
- 521 thousand tons of peanut;
Kuob nɛ gʋꞌʋl laꞌad
[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]Yʋʋm pisnii nɛ yinnɛ banɛ gaad la sa, banɛ mɔr cocoa tuud suori yit Ghana yiŋi kuosid la nyɛ yʋꞌʋr hali bɛ kuob nɛ gʋꞌʋl yela Ghana sʋꞌʋlim.[9] Cocoa anɛ laʋk kanɛ ka Ghana dim mɔr bɛdigʋ lɔmisid tɛɛnsi kuosid.[10] Ba kuod cocoa Ghana nɛ tɛɛns banɛ mɔr tiis bɛdigʋ: Ashanti Region, Ahafo Region, Central Region, Eastern Region, Western Region nɛ Volta Region. Ba pinꞌini li pɔnꞌɔb nɛ sawaar nwadig la ni ka bʋndɛɛna lɛɛ bɛnɛ Mɔraʋg nwadig la ni. Cocoa wʋsa ligidi zɛm nɛ, li yaꞌa kaꞌa banɛ ka ba mɔri sʋꞌa yi tɛŋin la kɛŋ kuosɛ. Banɛ kuod cocoa titaꞌam mɔri pɔbibis, nidib biela kuosidi li hali.[5] Ghana gɔmɛna gɔsid cocoa kuob yela dɔlisid lʋgir kanɛ buon Ghana Cocoa Board (COCOBOD) la ni. Yʋʋm tusayi nɛ piiga ni, ban da mɔr cocoa siꞌa yi Ghana sʋꞌʋlim da anɛ naꞌasaatɛŋ ligidi $2,219.5 million (US).[10]
Yʋʋm tusayi nɛ piinɛ ayɔpɔi ni, Ghana da paasnɛ tɛɛns ayiꞌ daani mɔr cocoa yit yiŋi kuosid ka Côte d'Ivoire an yiiga, ka ligidi kanɛ da kpɛnꞌɛ na da anɛ naꞌasaatɛŋ ligidi $1,914 metric ton wʋsa pʋʋgin; Ba da vɛɛnsi gɔs ka cocoa na maali gaad saŋsiꞌeba nɛ 97,500 metric tons. Paasig nwa na mɔr yela bɛ kuosig nɛ daꞌab pʋʋgin tis kpaadib banɛ kuod pɔbibis nɛ pɔbɛda banɛka gɔmɛna pʋdigi ba 1.3-billion-dollar loon 2017–2018 ye ba ti yɔꞌ la.[11]
Cocoa maan Ghana sʋꞌʋlm la sʋŋ tɛŋ la nidib tusa-tusa nɛ ligidi yela li kas kas anɛ banɛ bɛ tɛŋ la dagɔbʋg baba la. Nwaꞌ yinɛ dunia wʋsa daꞌadiib tiꞌakir wada ni kɛ ka cocoa kuob kɛn tuon la, ka kaꞌa li gbirig nɛ tʋmm.[12]
Dankal
Dankal mɛ anɛ bʋnsʋŋ bɔzugɔ ba mɔri li maan laꞌad bɛdigʋ. Dankal nyaꞌa tisid biis maꞌnam binꞌisim k aba pʋ lɛn fabin binꞌisim yellɛ.[13] Ninsaalib mɔr dankal ka li an diib, amaa dankal mɛ anɛ diibi tis bʋnkɔnbid mɛn ka fʋ tɔnꞌɔe nɔki tisi fʋ bʋnkɔnbid k aba di.[13] Ghana anɛ tɛŋkanɛ gaad tuoni vɛɛnsidi gɔsid bʋnbʋtta banɛ mɔr nyaꞌa.[13] Ba kuod dankal titaꞌam bɛnɛ yaꞌdatiʋŋ baba Ghana sʋꞌʋlim, amaa li mɛ maani bɛ tɛŋ la wʋsa ni.[13]
Ba nyaŋidi mɔr dankali maan ka li kilimid zɔꞌɔm, bodobodo nɛ danꞌam malisima. Ghana yaꞌdatiʋŋ dim nam pʋ nyaŋi paami li nyɔɔd wan wʋʋ lin nar siꞌem bɔzugɔ tɛŋ la pʋ mɔr kʋꞌʋlʋm ka yɛlkanɛ paas mɛ anɛ ye ba pʋ nyaŋi laꞌas taabaa.[13] Kpaadib la pʋ tis taaba sidaa, bɔzugɔ sɔꞌ wʋsa mɔr o pʋtɛnꞌɛr lin nar ye ba kuosi li siꞌem. Laꞌasa nam anu sʋŋid ka ba kuosid ka daꞌad dankal, kpaadib la, kpikpiŋ dim, banɛ daꞌadi tɔlim, banɛ daꞌadi maan laꞌasiꞌeba nɛ banɛ ka ba mɔri maan laꞌad ka ba daꞌad. Nid wʋsa mɛ mɔr o daꞌadiŋ nɛ on kuosidi tisid sɔꞌ.[13] Banɛ ziid dankal kaꞌ kpaadib la mɛŋa, amaa ba nɔkid lɔɔm la ka ba ziid ka ba yɔɔdi ba.[14]
Bʋnbʋtta banɛ ka ba kuod kuosig yela
[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]Bʋnbʋtta banɛ ka ba kuod kuosig yela titaꞌam anɛ abɛ, gungum, rɔba, kikanꞌsiind, taba nɛ bɛrigis, linɛ ka ba mɔri tɔnridi ʋgʋd baagi nam. Bama wʋsa, li anɛ abɛ tiig la tisid kpaadib ligidi gat.[15] Baa ban paꞌal ye bʋnbʋtta ban tɔnꞌɔe sʋŋ ka sʋꞌʋlim kan nɔbig la, gɔmɛna nɔk o saŋa niŋ nɛ bʋnbʋtta banɛ ka ba mɔri lɔmisid tɛɛnsi kuosid ni. Fʋ yaꞌa gɔs, kikanꞌasiind kuob lɛb nyaꞌaŋ, bɔzugɔ, ba yɔꞌ zinꞌis ayiꞌ banɛ ka maan sikir la, anina ka ba da paam 237,000 tons yʋʋm pʋʋgin bɛ lin da yi yʋʋm tusir, kɔbiswai nɛ pisyɔpɔi nɛ anaasi paae yʋʋm tusir, kɔiswai nɛpisyɔpɔi nɛ ayuobʋ la ni, amaa ba da paam nɛ 110,000 tons maꞌa yʋʋm tusir, kɔbiswai nɛ pisnii nɛ awai la ni.[5]
Gɔmɛna sʋŋid nɛ ka bɔɔd banɛ mɔri rɔɔba yit tɛɛns siꞌeba ni kuosid la gaad banɛ lɛɛ mɔri maan laꞌad kpala ni la, ba da sʋŋ kpaadib ka ba kua hɛkanam tusatanꞌ lin na niŋ siꞌem ka ba mɔri yi tɛɛns siꞌeba ni kuos ka lɛɛ pʋ nyaŋi sʋŋi duoe Bonsa Tire Company, zinꞌig kanɛ da nyaŋidi maal kɔbanam kɔnbisnaasi daar wʋsa yʋʋm tusir, kɔbiswai nɛ pisnii nɛ anii ni, baa ban pinꞌili li ye li maal ban tusir nɛ kɔbisnu daar wʋsa la.[5]
Yʋʋm tusir, kɔbiswai nɛ piswai nam saŋa la, taba kuob da nɔbigid ka kɛn tuon ka ba mɔri li bɛdigʋ kɛn tɛɛns siꞌeba ni kuosid. Taba vaand la nɔbigid tɔꞌɔtɔꞌ ka bɔɔd nɛ zinꞌig kanɛ ka kʋꞌʋlʋm bɛ ka li na nyaŋi maal wan wʋʋ li bʋnbʋtta taaba amaa banɛ tɔnꞌɔe banꞌas la an sʋꞌʋm. Ban na kuos taba ligidi siꞌem bɛn yela da kɛ ka taba kuob lɛb nyaꞌaŋ, yʋʋm tusir, kɔbiswai nɛ pisyɔpɔi pinꞌilig saŋa ba da kua nɛ baagi tʋsatanꞌ nɛ kɔbisnaasi amaa ka li sigi lɛb tuisr, kɔbisnaasi nɛ pistanꞌ nɛ atanꞌ bɛ yʋʋm tusir, kɔbiswai nɛ pisnii nɛ awai la ni. Yʋʋm tusayi nɛ ayuobʋ nɛ ayɔpɔi saŋa, BAT (British America Tobacco) dim tʋʋma da sanꞌam ya, kati waꞌae nidibi da duoe gɛɛsid ye ba da lɛmis taba la, nwaꞌ da kɛ ka lampɔ kanɛ bɛ taba zugin da paas ka nidib yʋꞌʋn mɔri li suꞌadi kuosid.[5]
Tʋʋma lʋgir kanɛ ka ba da buon Leaf Development Company da kɛn yʋʋm tusir, kɔbiswai nɛ pisnii nɛ anii na ye ba kua taba lin na niŋ siꞌem ka banɛ bɛ tɛŋ la ni paam daꞌ ka li dɔlis anina ka ba mɔri yit tɛɛns siꞌeba ni kuosid. Yʋʋm tusir, kɔbiswai nɛ piswai nɛ yinnɛ ni, tʋʋma lʋgir la da kuos siꞌel yiiga da anɛ baagi kɔbiswanꞌ banɛ ka wiim pʋ tɔnꞌe ba, mui baagi pisnu, nɛ tabkpiꞌema baagi pisnu, ba da mɔr 250 tons yi tɛŋ la yiŋi kuos ka ban da nyɛ ligidi sia an US$380,000. Yʋʋm tusir, kɔbiswai nɛ piswai nɛ yinnɛ ni, British tobacco company dim da daꞌa Meridian Tobacco Company sʋꞌʋgir paŋ pisnaasi nɛ awaꞌ nɛ pʋdigir ayi yinnɛ ni, kɔbiga pʋʋgin ka li da kɛ k aba mɔr paŋ anina ka gɔsidi li yela ban nɛ Social Security and National Insurance Trust. Tʋʋma lʋgir yinnɛ kanɛ buon Pioneer Tobacco Company dim da yis labaar yiꞌiŋ na ye ba paam nyɔɔd piswai nɛ ayiŋa, kɔbiga pʋʋin, fʋ yaꞌa yis lampɔ ka kɛ, ka li paꞌal ye ba nyɔɔd da gaad 1 billion yʋʋm tusir, kɔbiswai nɛ piswai nɛ yinnɛ la ni. Ban da paam ligidi sia paꞌal zugin da anɛ ¢360 million, li da pʋdig ligidi kanɛ ka ba da yɔ yʋʋm tusir, kɔbiswai nɛ piswai ni la.[5]
Gungum kuob da kɛn tuon hali bɛ yʋʋm tusir, kɔbiswai nɛ pisyɔpɔi tɛnsʋk saŋa, li da paae 24,000 tons yʋʋm tusir, kɔbiswai nɛ pisyɔpɔi nɛ ayɔpɔi la ni, amaa ka lɛb nyaꞌaŋ ka ban paam siꞌem la da anɛ fʋ yaꞌa pʋdig nwaꞌ abʋtanꞌ bɛ yʋʋm tusir, kɔbiswai nɛ pisnii nɛ awai la ni. Ban da tiꞌak Ghana Cotton Development Board ka li paas Ghana Cotton Company pʋʋgin la, gungum kuob da nɔbig ya hali yi kɔbiga pʋʋgin pʋdigir anaasi paae pisnu, kɔbiga pʋʋgin bɛ yʋʋm tusir, kɔbiswai nɛ piswai ni. Yʋʋm tusir, kɔbiswai nɛ pisnii nɛ ayuobʋ nɛ yʋʋm tusir, kɔbiswai nɛ pisnii nɛ awai tɛnsʋk, Ghana da paam ligidi US$6 million yi gungum kuosig ni. Tʋʋma lʋgir la da bɔɔd ye yʋʋm tusir, kɔbiswai nɛ piswai nɛ yinnɛ, nɛ tusir, kɔbiswai nɛ piswai nɛ anu tɛnsʋk, pɔɔd wan wʋʋ 20,000 hectares ka ba na nɔki kua gungum, lin na niŋ siꞌem ka Ghana nyaŋi paam ban bɔɔd gungum siꞌem la, baa li yaꞌa kaꞌa wʋsa ka li pansig nɛ finn.[5]
Yʋʋni linɛ yit tanꞌama tiis ni la taa bɛnɛ Northern, Upper East and Upper West Regions banɛ bɛ Ghana sʋꞌʋlim la. Banɛ piꞌisid yʋʋni titaꞌam anɛ pʋꞌab, banɛ lɛn maani li ka tuod kʋsakpaam kuosid. Nidib banɛ piꞌisid yʋʋmi gaad pʋꞌab tusa kɔbiswai bɛ yaꞌtuona sʋꞌʋlim ka ba piꞌisid nɛ yʋʋni tusa kɔbiga nɛ pistanꞌ yʋʋm wʋsa pʋʋgin. Yʋʋni piꞌisig anɛ tʋʋma tis pʋꞌab banɛ bɛ tɛnkpɛmisin zinꞌis bama ni ka li sʋŋidi ba ka ba paamid ban bɔɔd siꞌeli daꞌad. Tanꞌaŋ tiig vaand mɛ anɛ tiim, ba mɔri li tiꞌebid pʋbanꞌasi bɛ biis ni.[16] Ba mɛ mɔri ugun ka li tiꞌebid zug zabir nɛ nif banꞌas. Dunia wʋsa yʋʋni kuosig kɛn tuon ka Ghana paas tɛɛns banɛ kuosidi nɛ li laꞌasiꞌeba bɛdigʋ.[17]
Bʋnkɔnbid nɛ bʋnbʋtta banɛ dit
[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]Bʋnbʋtta banɛ ka ba bʋti ba diib yela titaꞌam siꞌeba anɛ kawɛnna, busa, banki nɛ bʋnbʋtta siꞌeba banɛ nyɛꞌɛt. Baa gɔmɛna bɔɔd ye o kɛ ka nidib lɛbi kuod bʋnbʋtta banɛ ka ba dit la, bʋndidig kuob da lɛb nyaꞌaŋ 2.7 percent yʋʋm wʋsa pʋʋgin bɛ 1971 nɛ 1973 tɛnsʋk, ka 1981 paae 1983 mɛ da an ala. Yʋʋm tusir, kɔbiswai nɛ pisnii nɛ atanꞌ ni la, Ghana da paam bɔɔdie ka li siꞌal tɛŋ la bɔɔdim bɛn. Dikanɛ k aba da mɔri lɔꞌɔŋ tɛɛnsin kuos da dʋya yi 43,000 tons yʋʋm tusir, kɔbiswai nɛ pisyɔpɔi nɛ atanꞌ ni paae 152,000 tons yʋʋm tusir, kɔbiswai nɛ pisnii nɛ yinnɛ ni.[5]
Bʋnlinɛ yela ka ba kuob da lɛb nyaꞌaŋ la la, lɛn paas nɛ nidibi bat tɛnkpɛmis ka kɛn tɛnpʋʋs ni la nɛ nidibi bɔɔd mui nɛ kawɛnna ka zug k abama kuob lɛb nyaꞌaŋ. Yelbanɛ paad kpaadib anɛ ban na paam kuob laꞌad, ba yaꞌa bʋn na niŋ siꞌem mɔri li paae daꞌan nɛ nidibi mɔr diib tɛŋ siꞌeba kpɛnꞌɛd Ghana n aka li ligid pʋ kpiem la yela. Saŋa la tiꞌasid la zug, li kas kas yʋʋm tusir, kɔbiswai nɛ pisnii nɛ atanꞌ ni la, wak da lu na kɛ ka bʋnbʋtta maalig sie yi 518,000 tons yʋʋm tusir, kɔbiswai nɛ pisnii nɛ ayiꞌ ni lɛb 450,000 tons. Diib kanɛ ka ba da mɔri kpɛnꞌɛ Ghana yʋʋm tusir, kɔbiswai nɛ pisnii nɛ ayiꞌ nɛ pisnii nɛ atanꞌ la ni da anɛ 115,000 tons, ka ba da vɛɛnsi gɔs ka ye yʋʋm tusir, kɔbiswai nɛ pisnii nɛ atanꞌ nɛ pisnii nɛ anaasi yʋʋŋ la li na siꞌe lɛb 370,000 tons.[5] Nɔbigir da kɛna pinꞌil nɛ yʋʋm tusir, kɔbiswai nɛ pisnii nɛ anaasi ni, ka li da yinɛ wak la da gaad la yela. Yʋʋm tusir, kɔbiswai nɛ pisnii nɛ anii ni, kuob nɛ gʋꞌʋl lʋgir la da nɔbigya, ka nɔbigir la bɛdigʋ da yinɛ kpaadib nina. Wak da lɛb yʋʋm tusir, kɔbiswai nɛ piswai ni na, ka li da kɛ ka diib maalig lɛb nyaꞌaŋ, mui maꞌa da sɔnꞌɔe, amaa ba da muki kua ka li kɛ ka li ligidi da sie yʋʋm tusir, kɔbiswai nɛ piswai nɛ yinnɛ la ni.[5]
Mɔtʋl nwadig la ni, yʋʋm tusir, kɔbiswai nɛ piswai ni, gɔmɛna da bɔɔd ye o kɛ ka kuob nɛ gʋꞌʋl lʋgir kɛn tuon. Ba da bɔɔd ye nidib kua bɛdigʋ ka diib bɛꞌ lin na niŋ siꞌem ka li ligidi sie. Gɔmɛna gbanꞌar linɛ ka o da yis na yʋʋm tusir, kɔbiswai nɛ piswai ni la, da bɔɔd nɛ lin na niŋ siꞌem ka bʋnbʋtta maal sʋꞌʋŋa ka diib bɛ, linzug ka ba da kpɛmisid kpaadib la nɛ laꞌasiꞌeba laꞌanɛ zinꞌis banɛ k aba na sʋꞌadi ba laꞌad.[5]
Bʋnkɔnbid gʋꞌʋlʋg da lɛb nyaꞌaŋ ka li anɛ pɔꞌɔg yela bɛ Ghana sʋꞌʋlim banɛ ka tiis bɛ la, ka ba siꞌebsa mɛ pʋ paamid yammi ɔnbida. Yʋʋm tusir, kɔbiswai nɛ pisnii nɛ awai ni, niigi kanl da an wan wʋʋ 1.2 million, ka pɛꞌɛs an 2.2 million, ka bʋʋs an 2 million, ka kurkurnam an 550,000, ka nɔɔs mɛ an 8 million Ghana sʋꞌʋlim.[5]
Bɛŋa anɛ bʋnbʋttir kanɛ bɛ Ghana sʋꞌʋim ka bʋnvʋya siꞌeba bɛ sanꞌamidi ba hali. Yʋʋm tusayi nɛ pisi nɛ ayi la ni kɛn tuon, bɛŋa kuob lɛb nyaꞌaŋ ka bʋnvʋya banɛ sanꞌamidi ba kɛ ka li kuob pʋ lɛn malis nidib yaꞌasɛ. Yʋda nam la an banɛ sanꞌamid bɛŋa hali gati ba taaba, ka li kɛt ka kpaadib siꞌeba ɛɛnti kɔꞌɔŋi ba diib zinꞌis awai, pʋdigir piiga pʋʋgin. Gɔmɛna nɛ asʋꞌʋmmɛŋ dim mugusid ye nidib kua naꞌasaa bɛŋa ka ban pʋ kpɛnꞌɛd yʋda walaa, baa ban nam pʋ tik nʋꞌʋg ye ba nɔki li tʋm yʋʋm tusayi nɛ pisi nɛ ayiꞌ saŋa la, kpaadib la nyidigidi ba mɛŋi ieedi li ye ba kua. Kpaadib la mɔr tiꞌir ye yʋʋm tusayi nɛ anaasi bɛ li kʋ paae sankanɛ ka ba na tik nuꞌug. Kuob nɛ gʋꞌʋl lʋgir la mɔr bʋnbʋttir la ba gbanꞌar pʋʋgin.[18]
Gbanvɛɛnsa
[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]- ↑ "Ghana at a glance". fao. Retrieved 27 May 2020.
- ↑ "Embassy of Ghana – Democratic Republic of Congo". Ghanaembkin. Archived from the original on 18 June 2020. Retrieved 27 May 2020.
- ↑ "Ministry of Food and Agriculture". Ministry of Food and Agriculture. Retrieved 11 July 2022.
- ↑ Food and Agriculture Policy Decision Analysis (FAPDA). "Country Fact sheet on food and agriculture policy trends" (PDF). Food and Agricultural Organisation of the United Nations. FAO. Retrieved 13 May 2016.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Clark, Nancy L. "Agriculture" (and subchapters). A Country Study: Ghana (La Verle Berry, editor). Library of Congress Federal Research Division (November 1994). This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.[1]
- ↑ "Climate Risk Profile: Ghana". Climatelinks. USAID. January 2017. Archived from the original on 25 January 2021. Retrieved 22 April 2020.
- ↑ Baffour-Ata, Frank; Antwi-Agyei, Philip; Nkiaka, Elias; Dougill, Andrew J.; Anning, Alexander K.; Kwakye, Stephen Oppong (1 December 2021). "Effect of climate variability on yields of selected staple food crops in northern Ghana". Journal of Agriculture and Food Research. 6 100205. doi:10.1016/j.jafr.2021.100205. ISSN 2666-1543.
- ↑ "Ghana at a glance | FAO in Ghana | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations". fao.org. Retrieved 19 October 2024.
- ↑ "Ghana Cocoa Board Official Website". Coco Bod Ghana. Archived from the original on 4 April 2014.
- 1 2 "Ghana's Economic Performance in 2010" (PDF). Ghana Statistical Service. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 6 November 2014.
- ↑ "Cocobod". Cooco Bod Ghana. Retrieved 26 April 2023.
- ↑ "Cocoa in Ghana Shaping the success of an economy".
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Sugri, I (2017). "Sweet potato value chain analysis reveals opportunities for increased income and food security in northern Ghana". Advances in Agriculture. 2017. et. al: 1–14. doi:10.1155/2017/8767340.
- ↑ Nyamah, E.Y.; Jiang, Y (2017). "Agri-food supply chain performance: An empirical impact of risk". Management Decision. 55 (5). Feng, Y & Enchill, E: 872–891. doi:10.1108/md-01-2016-0049.
- ↑ "Ghana – Other Commercial Crops". countrystudies.us. Retrieved 24 May 2020.
- ↑ "Shea Tree". HerbaZest. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
- ↑ "Cocobod - Shea". cocobod.gh. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
- ↑ Republic of Ghana Ministry of Food and Agriculture (February 2022). "West Africa Food System Resilience Program (FSRP2) – Phase 2 (P178132) Integrated Pest Management Plan (IPMP)" (PDF).