Baa

organisms known by a particular common name
Subclass of	domesticated mammal
Part of	Swadesh list
This taxon is source of	dog milk, dog meat, dog fur, chiengora
Start time	34. millennium BCE
Studied by	cynology
Hashtag	dog, dogs, doglover, dogsofinstagram, 犬
Depicted by	Wounded She-dog, Textile with Eagle Attacking Dog
Has characteristic	activity policy on dogs, starch digestion ability
Main food source	protein
Patron saint	Roch, Hubertus, Vitus
Used by	hunter-gatherer
Uses	dog bed
Taxon known by this common name	Canis familiaris, Canis lupus familiaris
Produced sound	bark
Male form of label	pies, cão, cachorro, пëс, кобель
Sequenced genome URL	https://www.dnazoo.org/assemblies/Canis_lupus_familiaris, http://www.ensembl.org/Canis_lupus_familiaris
Unicode character	🐕, 🐶
Category for the view of the item	Category:Views of dogs

Baa anɛ (Canis buudi ni bɛɛ Canis lupus buudi ni) ka an kunduŋ, wolf yaaŋ onɛ ka ba da gbanꞌe liebʋ yin bʋnkɔnbʋg, domesticated. Ka ba lɛn buon ye yin baa, Ba da gbanꞌae o yinɛ extinct pleistocene wolves, kunduna ni yʋʋma 14,000 kanɛ gaad la ni. Baa anɛ yin bʋnkɔnbʋg, ka yi kunduna buudi la ni. Baa la anɛ bʋnkɔnbʋg buudi, species kanɛ an yiiga Ka saalib, humans da liebʋ yin bʋnkɔnbʋg. Baŋidib maki paꞌal ye tɔn'ɔsnam da gbanꞌae baasi kɛ ka ba lieb yaan bʋnkɔnbid nɛ, wʋʋ yʋʋma tusa piinɛ anu nɛ nyaꞌaŋ ka kuob nɛ gʋ'ʋl naam da pin'il. Ban da bɛ nɛ saalibi yʋʋg la zugɔ, baas da widigi kpɛn' nidib bɛdigʋ yaan, ka paami baŋ a na niŋ siꞌem di starch diib kanɛ ka canids bʋnkɔnb sieba kʋ tunꞌoe di ka li an sʋꞌʋm tisi baa.^[1]

Ba gaŋ nɛ baa la ka di yitnɛ o itima bɛdigʋ zug, yaꞌam tʋʋma yɛla ni, nɛ paŋ tʋʋma yɛla ni, ka lɛɛ zanꞌas millennia buudi la^[2]. Dog breeds, baas buudi bɛdigʋ bɛ, ba ziꞌesim ni, ba zɛmisim ni, nɛ ba siꞌim in. Ba tʋm tʋʋma bɛdegʋ tisid ninsaalib nwɛnnɛ tɔn'ɔsʋg-hunting, ba ku'on ka kim-heading, ba vɛꞌɛd laꞌad-pulling loads, ka gur nidib nɛ yin kɔnbid-protection, ba sʋŋid laŋima nɛ fuud dim la ba tʋʋma namin-assisting police nɛ military, ba gbanꞌad zuod nɛ saalib-companionship, ba tiꞌebid-therapy, ka Sʋŋid saalib ba tadimis pʋʋgin-aiding disabled people. Nɛŋa ka millennia buudi kʋ nyaŋi maal la, baas nyaŋi tiaki bɛ wʋʋ saalib nɛ, ba human-canine bond la anɛ yɛl kpan kanɛ ka ba zamisi li yɛla yakkʋ yakkʋ ni. Ban tunꞌoe bɛ nɛ nidib la kɛ ya ka ba lieb, sobriquet, ninsaal zua-sunf “man's best friend”.

Buudi-buudi wɛligir yɛla

Yʋma 1758 ni la, Swedish dim daʋ kanɛ ka o yʋ'ʋr buon ye Carl Linnaeus ka zamis tiis nɛ bʋnkɔnbid (binomial nomenclature) yɛla la da sɔbi niŋ bʋnkɔnbid nɛ tiis gbana, Systema Naturae ni n pa'ali li yɛla sʋ'ʋŋa ( Bʋnkɔnbid nɛ tiis buudi-buudi vɛɛnsʋg) Canis anɛ Latin pian'ʋk ka li gbin pa'al ye, baa, dog. ka on wɛlig bʋnkɔnbid buudi-buudi bɛɛ ba dɔɔg-dɔɔg la, genus, o gaŋ yin baa nɛ kunduŋ, wolf nɛ wɛbaa, golden jackal niŋ yiiga. O wɛlig yin baa niŋi baas buudi dɔɔgin, ka lɛn laki keŋ tuonnɛ wɛlig kuduŋ pʋpɔnra, canis lupus niŋ kunduna buudi dɔɔgin. Linnaeus wɛlig baa la nɛ o kɔn', on mɔr zʋʋr ka li nyaŋidi ziankid agɔl ka sigisid la zug ( Latin pian'adin ka ba buonnɛ li ye cauda recurvata la) ka pʋ bɛ bʋnkɔnbid banɛ dit bɛɛ ɔnbid ni'im, canid buudi si'a nii.^[3]

1999 yʋʋm la ni, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) zamisʋg da paꞌal ye yin baa la tunꞌoe da yinɛ gbigim puk dɔɔgin buudi ni, ka dingo nɛ New Guinea singing dog buudi la yʋʋn naam saŋa kanɛ ka nidib nɛ teens dada lal nɛ taaba, others la^[4]. Mammal species of the world gbaʋŋa atanꞌ daan kanɛ da yi 2005 yʋʋm la ni la, mammalogist W. Chritopher Wozencraft da yina paꞌal wolf canis lupus nɛ li buudi sieba bɛllim, ka yɛl ye buudi sieba ayi lɛm bɛ yaꞌas banɛ an yin baa la buudi, wʋʋ Linnaeus da pʋdi ba yʋꞌʋr ye familiaris 1958 yʋʋm la ni la Mayer mɛ da pʋd ye dingo 1993 yʋʋm la ni. Wozencraft da yina nɛ hallstromi ( New Guinae baa kanɛ yʋʋm) ka li mɛ yʋꞌʋr siꞌa. (junior synonym) n tis dingo la. Wozencraft da paꞌal ye mtDNA vɛɛnsʋg la da paꞌali o gbanꞌar, decision la.^[2] Banɛ zamisid bʋnkɔnbid yɛla ye li nie paꞌal ye familiaris nɛ dingo anɛ “yin baa” clade la dɔɔg buudi la^[5], ka ninsieba nan nwaꞌasidi li, it.^[1]

Yʋʋm2019 la ni, IUCN/Species Survival Commission's Specialist group da yina nɛ zamisʋg kanɛ da siꞌak ye dingo la nɛ New Guinea baa kanɛ yʋꞌʋm la anɛ feral Canis familiaris ka dinzug da kɛ ka ba da pʋ vɛɛnsi ba yɛla Threatened Species IUCN Red List.^[6]

Ban naamid siꞌem

Gbaʋŋa mɛŋ: Evolution of the wolf, kunduŋ la naamid siꞌem.

A kɛt ka ba liebid yin bʋnam siꞌem.

Gbaʋŋa mɛŋ: Domestication of the dog, baa liebid yin bʋn siꞌem

Yiiga vɛɛnsʋg dim da siak ye bakpiilʋŋ niŋgbina kanɛɛ ka ba da nyɛ Bonn-Oberkassel, Germany teŋgbaʋŋʋn la da anɛ yin baa din. Contextual, isotopic, genetic, nɛ morphological vɛɛnsʋg tʋʋma paꞌal ye baa nwa da kaꞌ yin baa,.^[7] Vɛɛnsʋg la da paꞌal ye 14,223 yʋma banɛ da gaad la sa, baa la da pʋn bɛnɛ, ka ba da laꞌam mum o niŋgbiŋ la nɛ dau nɛ puꞌa niŋgbina mɛn, ka ba da puuns atanꞌ nwa wʋsa nɛ hematite zinꞌa ti-zɔꞌɔm, ka mumi ba kug-lam bɛda lɛŋʋn. canine distemper wiim da kʋ baa la.^[8]

Yʋma 30,000 banɛ da gaad la sa, vɛɛnsʋg tʋʋma gbana da paꞌal ye ba da anɛ Paleolithic dogs, amaa, ban na an baas bɛɛ kunduna anɛ linɛ nam bɛ vɛɛnsʋgʋn,^[9] bɔzugɔ bʋnkɔnbid nɛ tiis zamisʋg yɛla kɔnꞌɔb-kɔnꞌɔd banɛ da vɛɛnsid kunduna yɛla bɛdigʋ da pʋn bɛ Late Pleistocene^[1] kʋdʋg saŋa la.^[10]

Saŋa kaŋa pa'al ye baa da an yiiga bʋnkɔnbʋg ka tɔn'ɔsnam da mɔri kul yin na milis o,^[11] ka nwa' dɛŋim pa'al gʋ'ʋlʋg saŋa.^[12] Ban vɛɛns DNA yɛla la,^[10] li pa'al ye kʋdʋmin nɛ zina baas mɔr kʋdʋmin kpinnim yinnɛ ka yi yaab bɛɛ kunduŋ buudir tuŋ linɛ da aan li kɔn' nɛ zina kunduŋ tuŋ si'a wʋsa ni. Gbana zamisʋg dim sieba yɛl ye kunduna buudi wʋsa mɔr kpinnim nɛ taaba gat baasi kpin taaba si'em, ala mɛn ka sieba mɛ yɛl ye baas mɔr kpinnim bɛdegʋ nɛ zina kunduna banɛ bɛ Eurasian sʋ'ʋlʋm la gat kunduna banɛ bɛ American sʋ'ʋlʋm.^[13]

Baa la anɛ tituunli linɛ pa'an yin bʋnkɔnbʋg kanɛ dɔl diib suori kpɛn' na lieb yin bʋn.^[9]^[14] Bu'osʋg kanɛ ka banɛ zamis labakʋda banɛ pa'an ninsaalib yɛla nɛ banɛ zamis ziim tuŋ linɛ bɛ du'am ni ka ba vɛɛnsi li yɛla yʋma bɛdegʋ nwa' la anɛ ye, saŋkanɛ nɛ zin'ikanɛ ka baas da lieb yin bʋnkɔnbidɛ^[9]. Ninbanɛ zamis du'am tuŋ yɛla la yina nɛ vɛɛnsʋg suoya banɛ pa'an bʋnkɔnbidi liebid yin bʋn si'em yʋma 25,000 banɛ gaad la, ye ba vɛɛns kunduna buudi bɛ Europe kanɛ an Arctic bɛɛ Asia ya-dagɔbʋg sʋ'ʋlʋm.^[15] 2021 yʋʋm la ni la, vɛɛnsʋg kanɛ ka ba maligim vɛɛns nannana la pa'al ye Siberia ya-nya'aŋ dim nidib da yɛl ye baa da lieb yin bʋn bɛnɛ Siberia teŋin nɛ yʋma tusa pisi nɛ atan' (23,000) banɛ gaad la ni, ka nya'aŋ ka ba widigi kpɛn' America sʋ'ʋlʋm keŋi lɔ'ɔŋ Eurasia sʋ'ʋlʋm mɛn.^[16]Ani ka baas pin'il yiiga dɔl ninsaalibi keŋ ye ba sʋ'ʋg America dim la.^[6] Gbana zamisʋg dim sieba yɛl ye kunduna banɛ bɛ Japanese sʋ'ʋlʋm la mɔr kpinnim nɛ yin baas nɛ yi yaab si'a ni na.^[11]

Ba buudi wiakir

Baasi an bʋnkɔnb banɛ zu'oe dunia ni, ka dunia la ni ba gʋ'ʋn baas wʋʋ 450 gilig wʋsa. ^[13]^[17]Victoria paŋ saŋa la, nimbanɛ da mɔr kpi'euŋ la da ugus bɛɛ gʋ'ʋl zina baas la, ka linzug ka baas yʋ'ʋn zu'oe nɔbigi tiing zin'is bɛdegʋ la.^[17] Yʋma 200 banɛ gaad la,tita'am bɛɛ ba bɛdegʋ banɛ da wiak la da yinɛ ninkpi'ema ayi' san'an na.^[17] Ka lin yi saŋkan la sa, nidib bɛdegʋ yʋ'ʋn gʋ'ʋn baas bɛdegʋ ka ba buudi yʋ'ʋn zu'oe tiing zin'is pamm. Zugnwaŋ la, niŋgbiʋŋ la nɛ nuꞌus la, baa buudi kɔnꞌɔb-kɔnꞌɔb la ni bɛnɛ gʋn gʋn, amaa carnivores la wʋsa nii, li kaꞌ alaa. Buudi bama yɛla bɛnɛ li kɔnꞌ tiis nɛ kɔnbid zamisʋg yɛɛɛla ni, kanɛ aan ba niŋgbiʋŋʋ zɛm siꞌem, zugnwaŋ la an siꞌem, zʋʋr la buudi, kɔnbʋlʋg la buudi, nɛ siꞌim, color.^[17] Ban bɛ nɛ ba taaba siꞌem, ka lin anɛ gurum zinꞌigin, laꞌasʋg ni nɛ tɔnꞌɔsʋg ni, hunting,^[17]dɛŋ saŋa ni, nɛ ban tunꞌoe baŋid nyuug siꞌem. Ba mɛŋ tʋʋma kanɛ an ban tunꞌoe laꞌasid nɛ ba taaba siꞌem, sunkpiꞌem nɛ ba paŋi an siꞌem aggression zaba ni.^[17]Dʋn bama nwa ni baas widig nɛ gilig dunia, world la wʋsa.^[18] Ka ti na nyɛ widigir nwa nɛ Europe teŋgbaʋŋ baas bdigʋ Victorian saŋa, era la.^[19]

Bʋnkɔnbʋg bɛllim yɛla zamisʋg nɛ on tʋm siꞌem

Gbaʋŋ la mɛŋ: Dog anatomy

Ba zɛmisim nɛ ba kɔnba an si'em

Baas zɛmisim bɛ gʋn gʋn bɛdigʋ sa, lin zaŋi ba buudi titada hali la ni, great dane la, ka ba tɛbisim an 50 paae 79 kg (110 paae 174 lb) nɛ 71 paae 81 cm (28 paae 32 in), ka banɛ pɔɔd la yinne nii, chihuahua la an 0.5 paae 3 kg (1.1 paae 6.6 lb) nɛ 13 paae 20 cm (5.1 paae 7.9 in).^[20] ^[21]Baas banɛ mɔri laafi wʋsa, li anɛ ban zɛm siꞌem bɛɛ ban an siꞌem nii, ba kɔnba, skeleton la an siꞌem la mɔr nwɛnnim, amaa ka ba zʋʋrin kɔnba kal on kaꞌ alaa, amaa kɔɔnba bdigʋ gʋn gʋn baas buudi naming, different types. Baa la kɔnba la miilim nɛ zua: vertebrate, ningɔɔnr nɛ nyaꞌaŋ la mɔri nyaꞌaŋ giinla yaꞌas, ka ban an epaxial muscles nɛ hypaxial muscles, ka nɛ tɔꞌɔŋ; sapiri waꞌama la lus ka zanl susunf, heart la nɛ sɔnfulunfuud, lungs la; ka bankimpiind la kpen tɔꞌɔŋ nɛ kɔnba la, kɛt ka niŋgbiʋŋ la tunꞌoe ken, flexibility.^[22]^[23]^[24]

Baa la yaabi da nwɛn nɛ kunduŋ laa, baa buudi gaŋir, hali baa yin milisʋg saŋa sa, baa mɔri kɔnb bɛda wʋʋ mastiffs kɔnba bɛdim siꞌem la nɛ terries mɔri kɔnb bibis siꞌem, wʋʋ terriers; dwarfism, badiga gaŋir wʋʋ nɔbgima nɛ ba sʋm zug wʋʋ dachshunds nɛ corgis. Baa bɛdugʋ mɔri kɔnba 26 ba zʋya ni, amma sieba mɔri zʋgima, naturally short tails ka ba aan atanꞌ maꞌaa, three.

Baa buudi wʋsa zugnwaŋ laꞌad mɔri nwɛnim, amaa bakir bɛdigʋ sa bɛ, divergene in terms of skull shape zugnwana la an siꞌem la ni between types. Zugnwana zin;is buudi atanꞌ la anɛ zugnwaŋ wɔk buudi la, wʋʋ sighthounds la, zugnwaŋ kanɛ zɛmis la, nɛ zugnwaŋ kanɛ gim ka yalim la, ka an wʋʋ mastiff zugnwaŋ, skull buudi nɛ. yiebaŋ la mɔri nyina wʋʋ 42 nɛ, ka ba maalʋg la zɛmis nɛ ban na ɔnbid niꞌim. Baas mɔri ba nyina, carnassial teeth la pʋdigid di muma biꞌel biꞌeli zɛmisidi ba vɔlib, kas kas niꞌim, meat.

Ba yaꞌam baŋir mɔrim yɛla

Labaar kanɛ paas ya'as: Dog anatomy & senses

Baas yaꞌam baŋir bɛɛ ba nini la nyɛt la, ba kɛlisʋg, ba wʋm nyuug, ba baŋid malisim, siꞌisʋg nɛ gɔɔndim zinꞌig yaꞌam baŋir magnetoreception. Zamisʋg siꞌa paꞌal ya ye baas nyaŋi baŋid teŋgbaʋg la tiꞌasʋg Earth's magnetic field zinꞌigin. Baas bɔɔd ye ba yaꞌ ye ba nyɛnꞌ, ba nyaꞌaŋ kɔnbir la on kpa ya- dagɔbʋg nɛ ya- datiʋŋ zɛmisim linɛ ka magntic field condition la digi baanlimm.

Baas nɛ mɔr baŋir sieba nwa; ba nini nyɛt, ka tʋba wʋm, ka wʋm nyuuŋ, ka nɔɔr mɔr mimilʋŋ, ka niŋgbiŋ si'isid ka nyuuŋ baŋir si'elnam ya'a bɛ teŋin teŋir. Zamisʋg ayinne yɛl ye baas na nyaŋi nyuusi baŋsi'elnam kɔn'ɔb-kɔn'ɔb nyuuŋ bɛ teŋin. Baas kennɛ zin'ikanɛ an sʋ'ʋŋa n sɛbin nɛ nyɔ'ɔ nyɛ'ɛd ka kɔnbʋlʋg dɔlli yit. Baas nini nyɛɛnnɛ bugum ti'asidi ayi'-yi; baa la nini gɔsʋg mɔri dɔnbʋʋlʋm nɛ pipɛlʋg nɛ piel-pʋpɔnra. Li tɔi nɛ tis baas na nyaŋi bak zɛn'ɛʋg nɛ dɛn'ɛn kɔn'ɔb-kɔn'ɔb. Nif la nɛɛsim kpa'adi gɔsid si'em la pʋrigi si'iŋ 12–25°, ka li bɛnɛ du'am la tuŋin. Baas banɛ ka ba nini an kɔn'ɔb-kɔn'ɔb ka li yinɛ ba buudir du'amin na la, mɔr nif bielif kɔn'ɔb-kɔn'ɔb. Baas nini pʋʋgin zin'ikanɛ tɔ'ɔŋ nɛ nerve fiber la, an linɛ nyaŋid nɔkid nɛɛsim bɛdegʋ gat banɛ bɛ la wʋsa.

Ninsaal zupʋt la ka nini mɔri li tʋmma, nyuuŋi mɔr baa zupʋt tʋm. Baas mɔr nyuuŋ ya'am bɛɛ nyuuŋ baŋir zin'is ka li zu'oe wʋʋ pisnaasi gat ninsaal, ka li tɛbisim makir si'iŋi yi wʋʋ125 million keŋi li'el 300 million basieba tuŋin, nwɛnnɛ ba bloodhounds. Nyuuŋ baŋir kaŋa an ba buudir la baŋir kanɛ gaad wʋsa; li baŋid si'elnam nyuuŋ ya'a tiak bɛ sʋ'ʋlʋmin la, nɛ'ɛŋa kɛt ka badaad nɛ banya'as nyaŋid baŋidi ba taaba nyuuŋi bɛ lɔsi'a ka wa'ae, nɛ ba diibi bɛ zin'isi'a nɛ zin'ikanɛ ka' sʋm nɛ banɛ bɛ wʋsa. Baas mɛ lɛn mɔr a-tʋba wʋm baŋir kanɛ ka ba nyaŋid wʋm vuud bɛdegʋ ka li zu'oe wʋʋ zin'is anaasi gat saalib. Ba tʋn'e wʋm linɛ dam fiin bɛɛ vuud ya'a dam anwa karʋ ka li nɔba wa'alim an wʋʋ 400 m (1,300 ft) ka li gat saalibi na wʋmi li wʋʋ nɔba wa'alim 90 m (300 ft).

Baa nɔŋgban-gbɛɛnd bɛnɛ, whiskers li kɔnꞌ ka li yʋꞌʋr buon vibrissae, niŋgbiʋŋ lua linɛ yɛt o bʋn linɛ naamin bɛ nɛ o nikʋgʋrin la sa, ka bɛɛ ba yiebaŋ la lɛŋin, nɛ ba nɔŋgbana ni. Vibrissae an kɔnbʋlʋg siꞌa buudi la kpɛn baꞌ nɛ bɛ, li firɛ sʋꞌʋŋa bɛ gbaʋŋ la pʋʋgin n gaad kɔnbʋlʋg sieba ka mɔri lua kanɛ baŋid linɛ naamid la bɛdigʋ. Ba tunꞌoe baŋid pɛbisim na daꞌe siꞌem nɛ bʋnam banɛ bɛ likin. Ba sʋŋid ka nindaa nɛ nini baŋid bɛꞌɛd kanɛ na naam tisi ba, ka kɛt ka diib ken nɔɔr, mouth sanꞌan.

Yin baas mɔri niŋbiʋŋ kɔnbid gbana ayi: “gban-taꞌala” linɛ taa bɛ baas ni (nɛ bʋnvʋl banɛ wʋsa nwɛn wʋʋ baas la) ka li kas-kas anɛ banɛ nɔbig maꞌasʋg ziꞌig la, ba mɔr kɔbʋlʋg linɛ gʋꞌʋdi ba niŋgbina ka mɛ mɔr kɔbilʋg bʋgʋsʋg linɛ bɛ pʋʋgin, bɛɛ “yinnɛ” ka li mɔr zugin gbaʋŋ maꞌaa. Ba duꞌam tunꞌe an saŋ-yinnɛ siꞌa, linɛ an nyain, gʋꞌʋd, ka kɔnbʋlʋg piela mɛ bɛ ba lɛŋʋn. (39) Zuꞌa-pielim mɛ tunꞌe yi baag wʋʋ yʋʋm yinne pʋʋginɛ ; nɛꞌ yitnɛ itʋma sieba nii kɛ ka li naamid, wʋʋ bɔɔdimma itʋma, nɛ ba yaꞌa zɔt dabiem nɛ tʋkpɛɛd yaalis, saalib, bɛɛ bʋnkɔnbid nam li tunꞌe taꞌas ka linɛ naam. (40) Ba sieba mɛ bɛ duꞌa ka kɔnbʋlʋg kae, hali ka sieba mɛ lɛɛ mɔr niŋgbiʋŋ gbɛribiri. Ka sieba gbana mɛ maꞌae bɛ li kɔnꞌɔ, tit groomed to groomed titʋʋnli Yorkshire (31).^[25]

Nɔb-ɛɛns

Baa nɔb-ɛɛnsi an banɛ aan anu bɛ tuon nɛ nya'aŋ nɔba ni la. Nɔb-ɛɛns banɛ bɛ tuon la tɔ'ɔŋ nɛ kɔnbir nɛ ni'im, ala mɛn ka banɛ bɛ nya'aŋ la mɛ tɔ'ɔŋ nɛ niŋgbiŋ ma'aa. Baas bɛdegʋ ka ba du'a ba ka ba pʋ mɔr nɔb-ɛɛnsi ba nya'aŋ nɔba nii, ka sieba mɛ pʋ mɔri baa ba tuon nɔba nii. Baas nya'aŋ nɔb-ɛɛns anɛ proximal phalanges nɛ distal phalanges. Ninsieba tɛn'ɛs ye kunduna nɛ pʋ taan mɔr nya'aŋ nɔb-ɛɛn ka mɔr la, daa anɛ hybridization nɛ baas.

Zʋʋr la yɛla

Baa zʋʋr la anɛ linɛ tɔ'ɔŋ nɛ nya'aŋ kɔnbdaʋg la, ka li wa'alim an wʋʋ 5 ti paae 23 la, ka na nyaŋi yuulum gilig nya'aŋ la wʋsa. Zʋʋr la tʋʋma yinnɛ anɛ ye o mɔri pian'ad pa'an o suunri malis si'em. Zʋʋr la mɛ lɛn sʋŋid baa la ka o ya'a gbɛligi o mɛŋ lɛbis o tilt la baba, gɛɛnlis kʋ bɛ zin'ig yinnɛ nii. Zʋʋr la mɛ lɛn sʋŋid baa la ka o tiɛnri o anal gland's scent dɔlisidi zʋʋr la bɛ lɔsi'a nɛ lin ken si'em. Baas tʋn'e mɔr violet gland (or supracaudal gland) ka li anɛ sebaceous glands banɛ bɛɛ ba zʋya la ni la; baas buud sieba ni li tʋn'ʋn an vestigial bɛɛ absent. Violet gland la zu'oe bɛ zʋʋr la ni ka na tʋn'e nyaŋi naam bald spot ka li yi zin'ikanɛ ka kɔnbʋlʋg kae la ni, anɛ Cushing ban'a bɛɛ sebum galisʋg linɛ yi androgens nam banɛ bɛ sebaceous glands ni.

Zamisʋg pa'al ya ye, baas mɛnnɛ ba zʋʋr ka li pa'annɛ ba suunr bɔɔdim an si'em. Bʋn linɛ niŋid ka li narin ye ba li'eli lɛbis niŋ ka li pa'ali ba suunr bɔɔdim la, lɛɛ nwɛnnɛ zʋʋr la mɛnnɛ bɛdegʋ lɛbid datiʋŋ pa'an.

Baas tʋn'e pu'alimi ba mɛŋ ba ya'a mɛnnɛ ba zʋʋr nɛ mugusʋg.; ba buon nɛ'ɛŋa nɛ ye kennel zʋʋr, sumalisim zʋʋr, ziim-tuub zʋʋr, bɛɛ splitting zʋʋr. Babanɛ gɔɔnd mɔɔgin la, sieba zʋʋr la kʋ'ʋg nɛ sʋ'ʋŋa ka sapu'ad kʋ nyaŋ naam. Basieba bɛ du'a ka zʋʋr kae ka li anɛ T gene la mɔr DNA kɔn'ɔb-kɔn'ɔb la zug, ka mɛ tʋn'e lɛn ta'as bɛɛ kɛ ka li lieb zʋgiŋgiŋ. La'aʋŋ nam banɛ gɔsid kɔnbid laafi yɛla wʋʋ American lʋgʋr kanɛ gɔsid bʋnkɔnbid bɛllim nɛ laafi yɛla la, nɛ British lʋgʋr kanɛ mɛ gɔsid bʋnkɔnbid bɛllim nɛ ba laafi yɛla la pʋ siak baa zʋʋr docking nɛ. Kasɛtta linɛ yi kɔnbid laafi nɛ ba bɛllim yɛla lʋgʋr dim vɛɛnsʋgʋn pa'al ye baas 500 nar ye ba kʋ'ʋgi ba zʋya ka li gu' sapu'ad.

Laafi yɛla

Baas buudi sieba bɛ ka ban'as nwɛnnɛ, dunma nɛ kpiila nɛ zu'omis nɛ tʋbkpida nɛ sunfulunfuk nɛ nɔŋgbana nɛ duma tʋn'e ba tɔ'ɔtɔ. Ban'abɛ'ɛdnam ayi' banɛ daamid baas tita'am anɛ nyɔɔrin ban'a linɛ san'an banya'as buudi wʋsa du'alim, nɛ lʋgʋr ban'a linɛ mɛ daamid baas bɛdegʋ. Ban'abama ayi' nwa anɛ Ban'abɛ'ɛdnam banɛ kʋʋd tɔ'ɔtɔ. Baas bɛdegʋ mɛ bɛ ka bʋnvʋlnam banɛ ta'asid wiim gban'adi ba, nwɛnnɛ flea nɛ bakɔn nɛ bakanbʋg nɛ nyɔɔrin sinwɛɛs tapeworm nɛ heartworm banɛ bɛɛ ba sunya ni. Linɛ lɛm paas anɛ ye, canine distemper virus ban'a la mɛ daamid baas mɛn. Pʋʋgin bʋnvʋlnam wiim la daamid baas nɛ bʋnkɔnbid buudi banɛ mɔr nɔba anaasi nwɛnnɛ baa nɛ, nɛ bʋnkɔnbid buudi banɛ nwɛnnɛ dɔɔbiig nɛ, nwɛnnɛ canines nɛ felines nɛ bears. Baas ya'a nɔbigi yadigid zin'is bɛdegʋ ala mɛn ka CDV ban'a la mɛ na yadigɛ. Rabies mɛ anɛ ban'a yinnɛ kanɛ ka bʋnvʋlnam ta'asid ka baas tʋn'e paami li, kas-kas anɛ babanɛ ka ba nam pʋ kunsi ba nɛ tiim la.

Ninsaalib diib nam sieba bɛdigʋ nɛ yin laꞌasieba nam anɛ yabid hali n tis baas laafi bɛllimin, wʋʋ chocolate, taꞌasidi wiim linɛ theobromine linɛ an yabid amɛŋa, kabʋ nam mɛ taꞌasid thiosulfate wiim tisidi ba nɔbigir pʋʋgin, ti-sieba biili mɛ taꞌasid wiim hali amɛŋa baas bɛllimin ti yaan. (56) Sieba banɛ bɛ taba ni mɛ daʋŋ hali tis baas bɛllim. Baag yaꞌa tiind, li anɛ zanbin n paꞌan ye o dinɛ dikanɛ pʋ biꞌigi (titʋʋnli, o yaꞌa ɔnb niꞌim kasa) bɛɛ sand. Fʋ mɛ yaꞌa nyɛ zanbin linɛ ka bin gɛndig nɛ kuꞌom li paꞌali ye o mɔri nyuꞌug Zabir, li tunꞌe taꞌas, sunsuya wiim, pʋʋg wiim, tiind bɛɛ kʋm.(57) Kʋm buudi kanɛ taa kʋʋd baas anɛ neoplasia wiim nɛ sunsuya taa kʋʋdi ba hali, ka linɛ lɛm paas anɛ yaꞌam wiim nɛ gastrointestinal wiim. (59)(60)(61) Vɛɛnsʋg siꞌa da maal wʋʋ yʋma pisi 20, da paꞌal ye sunfulinfuud banꞌa da anɛ linɛ da taa kʋʋd ba-daad hali saŋkan win. (62) Ka babibis on da kpiidnɛ dɔlnɛ wiim linɛ ka ba mɔri yii ba ma pʋʋgin la. (63)

Wiim banɛ gbanꞌad ninsaalib la mɛ tunꞌe gbanꞌe baas mɛn, wi-sieba wʋʋ siꞌigir wiim, nyina, nɛ sunsuya banꞌas, kpisiŋkpir, binꞌisa wiim, zi-dɔtim, nɛ kʋkɔya wiim nam. Sigir wiim yinne linɛ daamid ninsaalib hali anɛ wiim la yinne linɛ taa bɛ baas ni hali pamm. (64) Baas wimanam mɛ nwɛnnɛ saalib mɛnnɛ, wʋʋ ban diꞌed tiꞌebʋg siꞌem ken naae siꞌem la. Bʋnvʋya anaasi sieba banɛ taꞌasid daʋŋ saalib bɛllim ni la sieba mɛn bɛ b ani mɛn. (220).

Baas lɛbigidii ba vʋꞌʋsim pɛbisim tituaa ka li yinɛ ba mɛŋ nintʋʋndin linɛ ka ba ɛɛnti mɔri bʋʋdi ba mɛŋ ka ba niŋgbiʋŋ bʋgʋn la. (65) Baas titaꞌam zii wimanam sieba linɛ buon zoonotic wiim ka ba mɛ taasid wimanam kɔnꞌɔb-kɔnꞌɔb hali tisid saalib n dɔli ba nintʋʋndin, bʋnvʋl baanlʋg, ba binnin, nɛ ba yaꞌa siꞌisif li tunꞌe taꞌas ka wi-sieba lɔŋ saalib. (66) COVID-19 mɛ tunꞌe gbanꞌe bʋnkɔnbid wʋʋ baas. Wʋʋ lin tunꞌe gbanꞌe saalib siꞌem la, bʋnkɔnb kanɛ ka li gbanꞌa o wʋsa, wiim la zanbina kɔnꞌɔb-kɔnꞌɔb tunꞌe nɛɛli paꞌal. (67)

Nyɔvʋm bɛɛn yɛla

Baas nyɔvʋm linɛ si'iŋi ba du'am saŋa ti paae ba kum saŋa bɛɛn anɛ kɔn'ɔb-kɔn'ɔb tis baas buudi ni, amaa yʋʋm pʋsʋk pʋʋgin, ( Yʋma banɛ ni ka baas pʋsʋk kpi ka pʋsʋk nam vʋe) anɛ 12.7 yʋma banɛ gaad la ni sa. Zamisʋg yinnɛ linɛ pa'al babanɛ buudi ka kpaam zu'oe ba niŋgbiŋin ka ta'asid wiim tɔ'ɔtɔ la n yuugid paad si'em bɛɛn, ka ba vʋm yuugid wʋʋ yʋʋm yinne nɛ, ka mɛ vʋe wʋʋ yʋʋm pʋsʋk la ka pʋ paae baas banɛ mɔr laafi sʋ'ʋŋa laa.

Du'am yɛla

Yin baas la ni, Saŋkanɛ ka ba banya'as nɛ badaad gun' bɛɛ bi siak dʋʋb nɛ du'am naamid wʋʋ nwadis ayuobʋ ti paad yʋʋm yinne, amaa baas buudi bɛdegʋ sieba tʋn'e yuug paae yʋma ayi' saŋa. Nɛ'ɛŋa an Saŋkanɛ ka banya'as du'alʋŋ pin'il, ka pɛn la zu'oe ka si'elnam yit, saŋa pamm li yit ka yuugid wʋʋ daba anaasi ti paae dapisi daar. Ba du'am lous na ti'asid nɔɔr ayi' yʋʋm pʋʋgin, ka saŋkan la pa'al ye ba ti'ebid pʋʋd gban'ad bɛɛ du'am. Saŋkanɛ ka ba du'am lous ti pin'ili nɔbigid la ka si'elnam yiti ba tuon pa'an pʋʋd gban'ad la, saŋkan la banya'as la yʋ'ʋn mɔr nyɛlʋg bɛɛ nyi'asim nɛ badaad yʋ'ʋs. Ka du'am gɛl la vʋe ka na nyaŋi di'e yu'oku'om kilim bɛ naam biig paae bakɔi lin ti digin du'alʋŋʋn la zug, badaad babiga tʋn'e dʋ. Baas ya'a dʋ naae, li nɔkidi daba ayi' ti paad daba anu ka biig naamid, gɛl la ti punsug bɛɛ nwa'ae du'alʋŋ la ni la nya'aŋ la. Badaʋg yu'or ya'a duoe ka ba dʋ taaba mit anu ti paae mit pistan' la ka ba gban'e mug taaba nɛ, badaʋg la yu'or la kpɛn' pʋʋgin ka yadig ka banya'aŋ la pɛn nɔɔr la mɛ gban'e li kiŋ-kiŋ la zug; badaʋg la yu'or na kpɛn iank ka o ken tuon dɔn'ɔnid yu'oku'om hali ti paae Saŋkanɛ ka ba wʋsa ma'ae ka fuoe ba mɛŋ. Ka dabisim 14 ti paae dabisim 16 nya'aŋ la, biig la nam an zipɛl na ta'al bɛɛ gban'e du'alim gbaʋŋ la, ka daba ayɔpɔi ti paae daba anii nya'aŋ la ka sunf la pin'ili nwɛ'ɛd. Baas du'adi ba ku'odian'ad linɛ bɛ pʋʋgin la basid dabisim pisnu nɛ anii ti paae dabisim pisyuobʋ nɛ anii nya'aŋ sa,biig la ti naam naae.

Fʋob bɛɛ duꞌalʋŋ yiisib

Fʋob bɛɛ duꞌalʋŋ yiisib anɛ linɛ bʋnkɔnbid niŋgbina sʋm, li kas-kas anɛ afʋo baag lana bɛɛ yis ba-nyaꞌaʋŋ duꞌalis, linɛ na kɛ ka ba kʋ nyaŋi duꞌaa ka mɛ sʋŋ ka ba da nyaŋi dɔt taaba. Bɔzugɔ baas zuꞌagir pamm tɛnsieba ni, kɛ ka lʋgʋr nam pamm banɛ gɔsid baas yɛla la, ba sieba wʋʋ American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA) la, saꞌal ye baas banɛ ka ti pʋ lɛn gʋꞌʋn duꞌam yɛla la sum ka ti fʋo ba, ka li da kɛ ka ba ti duꞌa ba-bibis banɛ pʋ nara ka li ti an ye ba kʋʋ mɛ ba. (76) Humane Society of the United States dim kɛ ka ti baŋ ye, baas nɛ amus nam bam million nama anaasi ka ba ɛɛnti kʋ ba yʋʋm pʋʋgin wʋsa. (77) Sieba ba mɛnɛ, ba laꞌasi ba nɛ yɔ yin. Baas fʋob anɛ linɛ an sʋŋʋd hali siegid baas galisʋg tɛŋ la ni.(78)

Fʋob sʋŋʋdi siegid daʋŋ linɛ an dɔt galisʋg, ka li kas-kas anɛ ba-daad. (79) Ba-nyaꞌas banɛ ka ba yiisi duꞌalis la tunꞌe paam binꞌisa wiim linɛ tunꞌe zi daʋŋ ken ba niŋgbina ni, duꞌalʋŋ nɛ luos sieba ba niŋgbina ni. (80) Yaꞌasɛ, fʋob tunꞌe zi daʋŋ hali kɛn ba-nyaꞌas dʋꞌʋrim pʋʋgin na, (81) ka mɛ wiim linɛ sunsuya banꞌas n tisid ba-daad (82)

Itima yɛla

Baa itʋŋ anɛ suunrin itima banɛ ka yin baas niŋid (baa yinne-yinne bɛɛ babiga) ka li yinɛ linɛ niŋ o niŋgbiŋin bɛɛ suunrin daʋŋ [90]. Baas pʋtɛnda tɔ'ɔŋ nɛ saalib bɛdegʋ. Ba mɔr ya'a kanɛ ka ba na nyaŋi baŋ ka pian' nɛ saalib ka niŋid wʋʋ saalibi pian'adi ba si'em la.[901] Banɛ vɛɛnsid itima yɛla la n tɛn'ɛs nɛ ye baas banɛ mɔr baŋir kanɛ ka ba na nyaŋi bɛ nɛ nidibin ka li pʋ bɛɛ ba canine buudi nii bɛɛ banɛ mɔr baŋir bɛdegʋ nwɛnnɛ apes tita'ar la ni la, anɛ ba kɔn' biis banɛ mɔr a-la'am bɛɛ naalim nɛ nidib baŋir la.[92]

Ba da pʋn dɛŋim gaŋ baas nɛ pin'ilʋgʋn sa ba itima zug, ka ka' nwɛnnɛ yin bʋnkɔnbid banɛ ka ba gʋ'ʋn ka ba wiakidi ba buudi si'em laa. Yʋʋm 2016 la ni la, vɛɛnsʋg yinne da vɛɛnsi baŋ ye bʋn linɛ dɔl du'am ziimin pa'an nwaasim la bam pii nɛ yinnɛ ma'a pa'al kɔn'ɔb-kɔn'ɔb linɛ bɛ kunduna nɛ baas sʋʋgin. Ka gens kɔn'ɔb-kɔn'ɔb bama li da kpɛlim bi'ela ka ba pʋ gaansi ba paas bʋnkɔnb banɛ ka ba nɔki ba lieb yin kɔnbid ba yʋda naam si'em nɛ ba itima zug, Saŋkanɛ ka ba da nɔk baa lieb yin bʋnna. Genes bama daamidi catecholamine synthesis suor la, ka ba bɛdegʋ zabidnɛ(zabidi yɔɔmʋg yɛla) nɛ suunr la ye li an si'em. Baas wʋsa pʋ mɔr dabiem zɔɔ nɛ sunpɛɛn nwɛnnɛ kunduna an si'em laa, la'am nɛ ala genes sieba mɔr sunduor bɛ ba-sieba buudi ni. Itima nwaasim nɛ dabiem ka'alim linɛ bɛ baas ni la anɛ nwaasim tiakir linɛ nwɛnnɛ Williams-Beuren syndrome linɛ bɛ Ninsaalibin ka ta'asid hypersociability hali nɛ yɛla maalʋg paŋ. Baas 58 zamisʋg linɛ da naam yʋʋm 2023 ni la, ba sʋk bɛɛ gaans ba-sieba ye ba anɛ banɛ mɔr pʋtɛn'ɛr daʋŋ ka pʋ nyaŋidi kɛlisid sʋ'ʋŋa. Ala mɛn zamisʋg yinnɛ mɛ pa'al ye tʋʋm galisʋg taan bɛnɛ badaad nɛ ba-paala bɛɛ babibis ni. Baa suunr tʋn'e duoe ka li anɛ trauma bɛɛ tiim nuub, nɛ zɔtim bɛɛ dabiem yɛla, nɛ a-gur teŋ yɛla, bɛɛ on gur laʋk kanɛ an nimmua hali la zug.

Baas mɔr bʋn linɛ ka ba du'a nɛ li ka li yʋ'ʋr buon ye a-zɔɔ-gban'e ya'am la ba san'an (pian'ʋk kaŋa pa'annɛ bʋnkɔnb banɛ zamisid la tʋʋm) ka li dɔli du'am pʋʋgin na. Ya'am itima bama tʋn'e kɛ ka baas nyaŋ baŋ gban'e la'ad bɛɛ bʋnkɔnb sieba. Itima bama mɔr kpɛ'ɛŋir bɛ bʋnkɔnb sieba ni ka ala ka li na sʋŋi ba ka ba nyaŋi ie ka kʋ bʋnkɔnb bɛ'og bɛɛ bʋnvʋl bɛ'ɛdnam banɛ san'am la'ad. Saŋa sieba bɛ ka babibis bɛɛ baas mum diib teŋin. Zamisʋg vɛɛnsi nyɛ ka kunduna mɔɔdi gat baas li ya'a ti ke diib ieebin na, ka li anɛ kpɛmisʋg kɔn'ɔb-kɔn'ɔb linɛ bɛ kunduna nɛ baas sʋʋgin. Babibis bɛɛ baas sieba ditti bin ka li yinɛ ban malim si'em ni na, nɛ gɛɛnlis ni, ye li kɛ ka ba pʋtɛn'ɛr bɛ; amaa nya'aŋ bɛdegʋ kʋ ti lɛn niŋi lii vʋmin ya'asa. Zamisʋg pa'al ye itʋŋ la da yinɛ kunduna ni na, itʋŋ linɛ nɔbig ye li sie wiim bʋnvʋlnam banɛ san'am pʋʋgin nyɔya la.

Baas bɛdegʋ tʋn'e lugud Ku'om. Baas 412 zamisʋg ni, baas 36.5% kɔbʋg pʋʋgin kʋ nyaŋi lugu Ku'om; ka 63.5% banɛ kpɛlim la tʋn'ʋn lugud ka sɔ' pʋ ti'ennɛ ba bɛ ku'oluguruŋ nii.

Binꞌisim muꞌasʋg

Ba-nyaꞌas muꞌasidi ba-bibis paala banɛ ka ba duꞌa la.

Ba-nyaꞌas binꞌiskuꞌom ɛɛnti pʋn dɛŋim siꞌignɛ wʋʋ dabisa 1—7 la ka duꞌam daar nyaan paae, ka binꞌisim nwa mɛŋim na kpɛlim bɛ ala hali ti paae nwadis atanꞌ pʋʋgin.[109][110] Binꞌiskuꞌom siꞌigib naamʋg da ɛɛnti wʋʋ bakɔi 3 pʋʋgin duꞌam nyaꞌaŋ ka nɔbigi yalig.[110] Saŋsieba baag la tunꞌe tiind ka zanꞌas diib saŋkanɛ biig la daamidi o pʋʋgin la. (111] Ziꞌis bɛdigʋ ni, baag pʋʋg nɔkir ni, itʋma yalis sieba tunꞌe naam.[112] Baag yaꞌa duꞌa ba-bibis bʋnlinɛ an paalʋŋ ɛɛnti sʋŋi libil ba-bibis la ka ba da puꞌalimm, lin ka duꞌam la nyaꞌaŋ ka ba-nyaꞌaŋ la mɛŋ na fuligi li bɛɛ yisi li. Baas mɔr linɛ an ye ma nɛ o biis nyɔɔg linɛ ka o mɔri gʋr ba-bibis la, ba-bibisi la yaꞌa nyɛꞌ ba ma la na di bin la ka babir la an nyain ka gʋri o biis la, hali ti paae ban na bii kʋda-kʋda.[113][114] Amaa ka ba-daad lɛɛ yaagi ba biis banɛ anɛ ba-bibis la ka pʋ nyɛti ba nɛ nifo laꞌamnɛ ban aan ba mɛŋ biis la,[115] saŋa pamm ni ba sieba mɛ ɛɛnti diꞌemid ba-bibis la nɛ ba bataaba wʋʋ ban ɛɛnti diꞌemid nɛ saalib siꞌem.[116] Saŋsieba mɛnɛ, ba-nyaꞌaʋŋ tunꞌe bas o biis bɛɛ duoe tɔɔg nɛ o biis bɛɛ badaarʋg kanɛ ka o dɔl la ka li dɔlnɛ on na bɛ tɔɔg bɛɛ zabir pʋʋgin.[117]

Baas N Mɔr Yaꞌam Siꞌem

Vɛɛnsʋg kɛ ka ti baŋ nyain ye baas mɔr tɔnꞌɔg kanɛ na tunꞌe diꞌe bɛɛ wʋm labaar, ka nyaꞌaŋi zanli li nɛ ba miꞌilim, ka nyaŋi nɔki li maal yɛl. Baas ayi vɛɛnsʋg paꞌali ya zanmisid dɔl nɛ fʋn na nɔk siꞌel bɛɛ mɔr siꞌel n paꞌanɛ ba. Vɛɛnsʋg linɛ da maal Rico, linɛ an Border n bɛ Collie la, paꞌal ye baas la da miꞌinɛ laꞌad kɔnꞌɔb-kɔnꞌɔb bam 200 n bɛ ziꞌikin la. O paꞌali ba laꞌad la yʋda wʋsa nɛ ban zanmisi li siꞌem la ka li mɔr pakir hali bɛdigʋ ka li kɛ ka ba nyaŋi baŋ laꞌad la hali sʋŋa ka ba suꞌa laꞌad la ka bakɔi anaasi nyaꞌaŋ ka ba nyaŋi ia laꞌad nyɛɛ li. Vɛɛnsʋg yinne yaꞌas linɛ da maal Border Collie, Chaser, paꞌal ye baas la nyaꞌaŋi zanmisi baŋ laꞌad nam yʋda ka ba yaꞌa yaꞌae nɔɔri buol laꞌad la yʋꞌʋr, ba na nyaŋi baŋi li ka nyaŋi baŋ pianꞌad bam 1,000 sa.118]

Vɛɛnsʋg kati waꞌae pʋtɛnꞌɛr yɛla bigis ye baas yaꞌam nɛ ba miꞌilim mɛ nwɛn wʋʋ widi, naꞌasaa widi nɛ amus nam, yaꞌam nɛ ba miꞌilim an siꞌem la.[119] Vɛɛnsʋg linɛ da maal ya-piina nii n kati waꞌae yin baas yɛla la bigis ye yin baas la kʋ nyaŋi baŋi buꞌak linɛ an diib laa bɛɛ ziꞌis kɔnꞌɔb-kɔnꞌɔb ka li yaꞌa kaꞌanɛ ba paꞌali banɛ zanbina ba kʋ baŋi; vɛɛnsʋg nwa paꞌal ye baas pʋ mɔr pʋtɛnꞌɛrɛ amaa ba mɔri kpasib nɛ nyuug yaꞌam.[120] Vɛɛnsʋg bigis nyain ye baas mɔri nini banɛ baŋid kanl.

Baas paꞌanɛ ba pʋtɛnda yɛlsida ka li yinɛ banꞌasig pʋʋgin.[122] Vɛɛnsiga ayinne yaꞌas lɛn paꞌal ye Australian dingos na nyaŋi tʋm yin baas tʋʋma yɛla maalʋg pʋʋgin, nɛꞌ gbin paꞌal ye baas yaꞌam linɛ ka ba mɔri maan yɛla tunꞌe bɔdig ka li yinɛ ba yaꞌa laꞌasi ba mɛŋ nɛ saalib.[123]

Vɛɛnsʋg lɛn paꞌal ye baas zanmisʋg linɛ an ye ba baŋ ka nyaŋi maal yɛl giŋa la, ye saŋa pamm ni baas mɛ paamid yɛla linɛ tunꞌe tuoe ba paŋ wʋʋ ninsaalibi an siꞌem la, amaa bʋnkɔnb banɛ kpɛlim on kaꞌa alaa.[124]

Baŋir yɛla

Vɛɛnsʋg dim vɛɛnsi baŋ baasi mɔr ya'a kanɛ kɛt ka ba baŋid pian'ad, ka li bɛɛ ba pʋtɛn'ɛrin, ka li sʋŋid ka ba nyaŋid nɔkid maan yɛla ba vʋm pʋʋgin. Ba vɛɛns baas ayi' ka yɛl ye baas zamisid nɛ ba ya'a la'as nɛ nidib. Ka ala mɛn ka Rico nɛ Collie banɛ zamis ka vɛɛns la pa'al ye o mi' si'elnam kɔn'ɔb-kɔn'ɔb yʋda ka li tʋʋg 200. O vɛɛnsi baŋ si'elnam banɛ pʋ bɛ bɛɛ nyɛt tat-tat la yʋda ka li pʋ dɔl zamisʋg si'a nii, ka lɛɛ gɔɔn gilig vɛɛns sʋ'ʋŋa ka baŋi ba bʋnban yɛla bakɔi anaasi vɛɛnsʋg la nya'aŋ. Ka Zamisʋg daan si'a kanɛ ka yʋ'ʋr buon Chaser la mɛ pa'al ye o zamis yʋda la nɛ ka na nyaŋi pian' nɛ ba nɛ nɔɔr bɛɛ nu'us ka li tʋʋg wʋʋ pian'ad 1,000 la.

Zamisʋg yinnɛ kanɛ zamis bɛɛ vɛɛns baas buudi wʋsa pʋtɛn'ɛr n an si'em la, pa'al ye baas nyaŋid niŋid wʋʋ wiidi nɛ, nɛ chimpanzees bɛɛ dɔɔg biis nɛ. Ala ka zamisʋg yinnɛ kanɛ vɛɛns yin baas 18 yɛla la nyaŋi baŋ ye baas kʋ nyaŋi bak diib laas ba kɔn' ka ya'a ka' nɛ ba baŋi pian'adɛ; zamis kaŋa kɛ ka ti baŋid ye buakir pʋtɛn'ɛr kae. Zamisʋg yinnɛ mɛ yɛl ye baas nini nyɛɛb baŋir ka ba na nyaŋi baŋ kal. Baas pa'al nɛ ban kʋ nyaŋi baŋ bɛɛ mi' si'el wʋsa ba mɛŋ la, kat wa'ae nɛ kal pʋʋgin linɛ si'iŋ 1-3 ti tʋʋg anaasi.

Baas zaŋidi ba mɛŋ gɛndigid di'ema nam ni ka li pa'an ban mɔr pʋtɛn'ɛr si'em. Vɛɛnsʋg yinnɛ mɛ mɔr kasɛtta linɛ pa'al ye Austrailian dingos nam tʋn'e tʋm ka li gaŋ uin baas nɛ, ka li anɛ baŋir kae nidibin bʋnɛ, ka dinna sid pa'al ye yin baas kɔ'ɔŋi ba baŋir nɛ ya'ag kanɛ ka ba na nyaŋi baŋ ka maal si'el la ba ya'a la'as nɛ nidib.

Pianꞌad

Baag pianꞌad siꞌem anɛ ban diꞌed labaar siꞌem tisidi ba ba-taaba, ba gbanꞌad pianꞌad gbin yit saalib sanꞌan, ka nyaŋi lɛbig labaar la wʋʋ baas lɛbigiri la ka li nie nyain tisi ba.[125] Baas itʋma linɛ bigis ye ba pianꞌad la sieba anɛ nini gɔsʋg, nini anmisʋg,[126][127] Vʋʋd, niŋgbina pianꞌad (li sieba anɛ niŋgbina nɛ nɔba anmisʋg), ba mɛ mɔr linɛ an (nyuug, nɛ malisim baŋir). Baas kpansi ba sʋꞌʋlʋm ka yinɛ ban ɛɛnti dʋꞌʋni niŋ zanguoma nii kpans la, nɛꞌ sʋŋidi ba ka ba nyaŋi baŋid ba yaꞌa ti kpɛnꞌɛd bɛɛ lɔŋid ziꞌig paaliŋ.[128][129] Ba-daad nɛ ba-nyaꞌas wʋsa tunꞌe ɛɛnti dʋꞌʋn niŋ bʋnsieba ka paꞌal bɔɔdim, tɔɔg, mɛsiegir, sumalisim bɛɛ vʋꞌʋsim bɛllim.[130] Baas anɛ nyɛɛnd ka zabid anɛ baas banɛ ka ba cortisol zuꞌoe hali la. (131] Li yaꞌa ti paae wʋʋ bakɔi nam 3 nɛ 8 ba duꞌam nyaꞌaŋ, baas na ia ba ye ba laꞌasi sɔns, ka ba yaꞌa ti paae wʋʋ bakɔi nam bam 5 nɛ 12 saŋa la, ka ba yuꞌun fɛndigi ba pʋtɛnꞌɛr n lɛb saalib sanꞌan.[132] Baas pʋʋr nɔɔb tunꞌe kɛ ka baag dʋmif bɛɛ o mɔ ye o gʋꞌ o mɛŋ niŋ maꞌasim.[133]

Nidib sɔnsid nɛ baas ka li dɔlnɛ vʋʋdnam ni nɛ zanbina nɛ nuꞌus yimisʋg nam ni, nɛ niŋgbina itʋma ni. Bʋnlinɛ sʋŋid baas ka ba wʋm anɛ, ʋʋdnam ni nɛ zanbina nam ni ka ba dɔl anina gbanꞌad pianꞌad gbin ka nyaŋidi baŋidi lɛbis pianꞌad wʋsa ka li yinɛ zanbina banɛ ka ba zanmis la ni, ba sieba anɛ wɛsʋg linɛ zii labaya kɔnꞌɔb-kɔnꞌɔb. Zanmisʋg paꞌali ya ye baas na nyaŋi n pianꞌad lɛbis ka li dɔlnɛ vʋʋdnam nɛ linɛ kaꞌa vʋʋdnam ni ka li dɔlnɛ ba zuput linɛ ba zugin pole giŋiʋŋ la baba, ala mɛ aan tis saalib zuput mɛn. Baas mɛ tunꞌe ɛɛnti gɔs laꞌali ka nyaŋi baŋ vʋʋd la ken siꞌem la nɛ li gbin.[134][135][136] zanmisʋg lɛn paꞌal ye fʋ yaꞌa maan baag sʋm o siakidi fʋ buolʋg tɔꞌɔtɔ n gaad fʋn tisidi o diib.[137]

Ba kpinnim yɛla

Ba kal bɛɛ ba nɔbigir yɛla

Baa an bʋnkɔnb kanɛ ka o buudi zu'oe gat bʋnkɔnb buudi banɛ dit ni'im wʋsa n bɛ ninsaalib sʋ'ʋlʋmin. Yʋʋm 2023 kanɛ gaad la ni la, ban da maal baas kaalʋg dunia la ni wʋsa la, ba kal da bɛ wʋʋ 700 million nɛ 987 million pʋsʋkin. Kɔbʋg pʋʋgin baas wʋʋ 20 la'am bɛ an linɛ ka ba yɔɔm o ka o bɛ nɛ nidib tentitada banɛ nɔbig la ni. Dunia kanɛ nɔbigid nwa la, baas kal ni, baas pʋsʋk zin'is atan' bɛnɛ tɛɛns banɛ nɔbigid la ni wʋʋ sian'arin bʋn, nɛ teŋkpɛŋ bɛɛ tɛɛns baas nɛ. Baas bɛdegʋ bɛnɛ nwɛnnɛ bʋnkɔnb banɛ dit bʋnvʋlnam bɛɛ banɛ bʋnkpiilʋŋ nɛ ka ninsaal pʋ sʋ'oe ba kʋdʋm, ka zamisʋg yinnɛ mɛ pa'al ye tenkɛŋ baas bɛdegʋ ya'a nyɛ saan zɔti 52%) bɛɛ wɛsid nɛ (11%).

Mɔɔr

Mɔɔgin bʋnkɔnb bɛda nɛ baas banɛ gɔɔnd yɔɔ-yɔɔg la tunꞌe mɔɔd nɛ bʋnkɔnb bɛda sieba ka dɔlnɛ kpiꞌeʋŋ linɛ ka ba paamɛ yi saalib sanꞌan la.138] Laꞌamnɛ bʋnyɔɔs sieba kʋʋd baas la, ba ɛɛnti laꞌasnɛ dɔl taaba ayi-ayi babir kanɛ ni wʋsa ka daʋŋ bɛ la, ka li tisidi daʋŋ ba yaꞌa siꞌel baas bɛdigʋ laꞌasi dɔl taaba.[145][146] saŋa sieba nii, bʋnyɔɔs la itʋma sieba ɛɛnti paꞌal nyain ye ba pʋ zɔt nidiba saŋkanɛ wʋsa ka ba zigid ba gbanꞌae baas la, hali linɛ yaꞌa anɛ ba bʋꞌ ba bɛɛ kʋʋ ba.[147] Alaꞌamnɛ baas banɛ ɛɛnti kpi yʋʋm pʋʋgin la pʋ zuꞌogida, nɛ kɛ ka kʋndʋna pʋ zɔt dabiem nɛ ban na kpɛnꞌ tɛŋkpɛmis la ni nɛ pɔɔdinɛ gbanꞌae baasɛ, ka kʋndʋna baas gbanꞌab la zug kɛ ka li an nimua ye eendib nɛ tɔnꞌɔs nam ia kʋndʋna la kʋʋ ba..[145]

Ba-daad sieba nɛ zuombir titada sieba anɛ banɛ ka nidib gɔs ka ba an baas banɛ daamid hali pamm. Ka li kas-kas anɛ, mɔɔgin mus nam banɛ bɔɔd baas niꞌim ye ba di la, vɛɛnsʋg bigis ye ba nyaŋi kʋ baas hali, ka li baꞌa kae nɛ ban zɛm siꞌemm.[148] Gbigim banɛ bɛ Amur Muꞌar sʋꞌʋlʋm la kʋ baas hali linɛ kaꞌ bɛnɛ n bɛ tɛŋkpɛmis banɛ kpiꞌe anina la. Gbigima banɛ Amur la pʋ zɔt mɔɔgin bʋnkɔnb siꞌa onɛ na kena ye o nyaꞌa nɛ ba n bɛ ba sʋꞌʋlʋm kanɛ ka ba bɛ la ni ka ba bas oo, ka gbigima mɛ bɔɔdnɛ baas anɛ mɔr niŋgbiʋŋ yinne.[149] Bʋnkɔnb kanɛ ka ba buon ye Striped tunꞌe kʋ baas hali n bɛ ba sʋꞌʋlʋm la ni ka li kaꞌ zaka.[150]

Baas banɛ an banɛ kʋʋdi ba taaba bɛɛ bʋnkɔnbid kɛnɛ ka tɔɔg bɛdigʋ bɛdigʋ paae bʋnkɔnbid tam sʋꞌʋlʋm ni, linɛ bɔɔd tam kʋdʋr n dɔlnɛ bʋnkɔnbid bɔɔdim yɛla yiiga ka saalib nyaan ziꞌin anina .[151] Baas anɛ wʋʋ ban kɔnꞌɔb-kɔnꞌɔb piinɛ yinne 11ka ba anɛ linɛ ka naꞌasaanam buon ye 'potential threat' n ken paae wʋʋ 188 bʋnkɔnb banɛ daamid dunia wʋsa ni;[152] linɛ lɛn paas anɛ baas mɛ lɛn mɔr kpinim nɛ bʋnkɔnb sieba hali ka ba kanl na an wʋʋ bʋnkɔnbid bam156 nɛ.[153] Vɛɛnsʋg bigis ye baas kʋ bʋn-ianꞌadanam hali bɛdigʋ, n bɛ kagu, New Caledonia ni.[154]

Diib

Baas mɛn nwɛn wʋʋ bʋnkɔnbid banɛ ɔnbid ni'im ka dit sa'ab la nɛ.(5)(155)(156)Ti ya'a mak baas nɛ kʋndʋma, baas banɛ ka gʋ'ʋli ba mɔr tɔn'ɔg linɛ ka ba na nyaŋi di diib nɛ li buudi ka li kʋ mɔr dauŋʋ tisi baa ka lɛɛ sʋŋi maali ba niŋgbina tituaa.(4) ala mɛnɛ mɛn tis saalib, ba-sieba nintɔɔnd sʋŋidi gɛndigid diib n maanɛ ba niŋgbina tituaa.(157) Ala'amnɛ wala, ba pʋ paae bɛɛ nwɛn wʋʋ amus nam bɛɛ bʋnkɔnbid banɛ dit ni'im ma'aa laa, baas mɔr yam linɛ bɛ ba pʋʋgin sʋŋidi widigid linɛ tɔɔg bɛɛ yarim bʋn wʋsa, bɛɛ taurine, amaa ba lɛɛ pʋ mɔr vitamin D, linɛ ka ba paamɛ yit bʋnkɔnbid ni'imin la.

Amino acid linɛ an piisi nɛ yinne anɛ linɛ bɛ bʋnkɔnbid wʋsa ni (Hali la'am paas nɛ selenocysteine), baas kʋ nyaŋi baŋ linɛ an piiga: arginine, histidine, methioine, leucine, lysine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, nɛ valine.(158)(159)(160) Nwɛn wʋʋ amus nam, baas mɛ bɔɔd arginine ka li sʋŋi maali ba niŋgbina. Nɛ' anɛ di-sʋma ka baas bɔɔd n bɛ ni'imin bɛɛ diib bɛɛ sa'ab ni.

Ya'a kpɛlimnɛ bʋnkɔnbid banɛ an yin bʋnkɔnbid nɛ banɛ ka' yin bʋnkɔnbid tituaanɛ, baag bɛllim yin bɛ li kɔn'ɔ hali n gaad bʋnkɔnb banɛ kpɛlim la:

Aboriginal Tasmanians la, banɛ ka ba da baki ba yis Australia ka dingos naan paae na tɛŋ la ni na la. Andamanese nidib, banɛ ka ba da baki yis bɛ mu'ar gbɛʋg ti paae Myanmar, Fuegians la, banɛ da gʋ'ʋn baag onɛ an Fuegian la, li da anɛ linɛ bɛ li kɔn'. Nimbanɛ da yi Islands n kena la ba nid yinne da pʋ mɔr baas bɛɛ zi'ikanɛ ka baas kpiida zi'ikanɛ ka ba da dɛŋim bɛ laa, linɛ an zanbin anɛ Mariana Islands, (162) Palau(163) Ka banɛ mɛ yi Caroline Islands bɛ ba kɔn'ɔ hali kati wa'ae ba kɔnbʋlʋg linɛ pa'an Island nɛ Nukuoro, (164) Ka Marshall Islands mɛn, (165) Gibert Islands, (165) New Caledonia, (166) Vanuatu, (166)(167) Tonga,(167) Marquesas, (167) Mangaia n bɛ Cook Islands, Rapa Itin n bɛ French Polynesia, Easter Islands, (168) nɛ Pitcairn Islands banɛ da kʋ ba baas la wʋsa ye ba da kɛ ka aanrʋŋ linɛ da gat la da baŋ la. Baas da bɛ Antarctica teŋinɛ gʋrim yɛla. Ba da ai'iŋidi ba nwadis piina ayi la ni 1993, lin nya'aŋ ka ba yu'un gʋ'ʋn baas tɛkpɛmisin nɛ mɔɔgin ka dabiem da bɛ hali kati wa'ae wima lɔmisʋg yɛla.(170)

Baasi an diib la yɛla

Baas niꞌim anɛ linɛ ka tɛmis titaꞌam banɛ bɛ East Asian sʋꞌʋlʋm dit hali amɛŋa, laꞌam China dim mɛn,[176] nɛ Vietnam,[177] Korea,[199] Indonesia,[200] nɛ Philippines;[201] Hali lin da yi kʋdʋmin sa la.[202] Vɛɛnsʋg kɛ ka ti baŋ ye baas bam million 30 ka ba kʋʋdi n dit bɛ Asia tɛŋin yʋʋm wʋsa pʋʋgin. Han onɛ an Chinese la ɔnbid baag niꞌim .[203] Dunia ni wʋsa China dimi an banɛ ɔnbid baasi gaad sɔꞌ wʋsa, vɛɛnsʋg paꞌali ye ba kʋʋ baas lin yi million 10 ti paae million 20 yʋʋm wʋsa pʋʋgin ɔnbid, labakaŋa yinɛ banɛ gɔsid niꞌim nam yɛla la ni.[204] Switzerland, Polynesia, nɛ pre-Columbian Mexico Tɛmis bama wʋsa, labakʋdʋg bigis ye ba da ɔnbid baas tituaa.[205][206][207] nɛ Poland tɛnsieba mɛ[208][209] nɛ Central Asia,[210][211] Baag kpaam anɛ linɛ diꞌebid sɔnfulinfuud banꞌa.[212]

A-ɔnb baag niꞌim anɛ linɛ an kisʋg bʋn n tis temisiba banɛ bɛ dunia nwa ni; nwanꞌasʋg pianꞌad pʋn yina paꞌan ye li sum ka ti bas baag niꞌim ɔnbir.[213] Emperors dim banɛ Sui dynasty (581–618) China dim, maal nɛ asida ye ba pianꞌa baag niꞌim ɔnbir yɛla nɛ Tang dynasty (618–907) ka ba bɔɔdi paꞌal ye ba da ɔnb baag niꞌim n bɛ laꞌasʋg ziꞌikin.[214]

Sieba mɛ bigis ye baas diib bɛɛ niꞌim ɔnbir mɛ anɛ ala wʋʋ bʋnkɔnbid banɛ ka ti ɔnbid la linzug li pʋ sum ka sɔꞌ yɛl ye ba bas baas ɔnbir la pʋ di bɛɛ ɔnb baag niꞌim.[215][216][217][218] Tɛŋsieba ni, baas kuosʋg bɛɛ ba kʋʋb anɛ kisʋg, amaa nannanna ziꞌibanna nidib yuꞌun dit baas.[219][220]

Yin bʋn

Ban mɔr baas ka ba la'am bɛnɛ ka kɔligidi ba la kas-kas anɛ elite mɔr labatita'ar hali. Baa kanɛ ka ba bɛlis o ka o naalim nɛ saalib la kal zu'oe ya dunia zaba linɛ paas ayi' la n da gaad la. Yʋʋm 1980 la ni la, tiakir bɛ yin baas tʋʋma ni, wʋʋ baasi mɔr sunsʋŋ sʋŋid nidib bɛllim ka guri ba si'em la. 20th century pʋsʋk linɛ paas ayi' ni la, yiiga baa kanɛ ka o nidib bɛllim tiak ya ka kɛ ka o nyaŋi la'asid tigirin n nyɛt o bɔɔdim. Linɛ paas ayi' anɛ ye ba sʋŋi zami baas ka ba baŋir nɔbig daar wʋsa.

La'ad buudi bɛdegʋ maal ya ye li sʋŋ ka baas da an yin bʋn kanɛ miilim nidib ma'aanɛ, amaa ka lɛɛ kɔligid sʋ'ʋŋa. La'ad nɛ tʋʋma yʋda linɛ ka ba ye sʋŋ baas la anɛ baas zamisʋg gbana, zamisʋg nɛ TV nam ni zamisg zu'oe ya. Banɛ gʋ'ʋn la bɛdegʋ pa'al ye yin bʋn ka o paas buudi la ni, ala ka sieba m yɛl ye li anɛ kpinnim kanɛ gɛndig nɛ taaba. Ba-zamisidib sieba naam linɛ ye li sʋŋ baas nɛ ninsaalib kpinnim. La'am nɛ la, pʋtɛn'ɛr kanɛ ka ba mɔr kat wa'ae nɛ "alpha baa" yɛla la bɛnɛ nwa'asʋg pian'adin kunduna n ɔnbid bɛɛ dit bʋnkɔnbʋg ni'im la yɛla. Ba nwɛ' nɔgbannwa'asʋg ye ban na paam nɛ'ɛŋa anɛ baas nɛ ninsaalibi na maan bɛɛ ɛnd taaba si'em. Ninsaalib buudi yʋ'ʋn paas tʋʋma kɔn'ɔbkɔn'ɔb banɛ ni ka baas la'am paas tʋm nwɛnnɛ baa wa'a nɛ baa yoga.

Kat wa'ae nɛ labaya banɛ yi American Pet Products Manufacturers Association dim vɛɛnsʋg linɛ da naam bɛ National Pet Owner Survey yʋʋm 2009 ti paae 2010 ni la, ba da gɛlig nidib 77.5 million banɛ bɛ United States la mɔr yin baas. Ka vɛɛnsʋg la pa'al ye America dim ya wʋʋ 40% la mɔr baa, ka lin ni ka 67% mɔr baa yinne ma'a, ka 25% mɔr baas ayi', ka 9% mɔr baas ka li gaad ayi'. Ka vɛɛnsʋg labaar la mɛ lɛm pa'al ye yin badaad nɛ banya'as kal n aan azinzima si'em; banɛ ka ba sʋ'oe ba ka ba pʋ paae anu pʋsʋk la yinɛ yaan na.

Tʋmtʋmnib

Linɛ lɛm paas baasi dɔli kɔligid nidib si'em la anɛ, babanɛ an collies nɛ pɛbaas la gban'ad ka kʋʋd bʋnkɔnb sieba ɔnbid; tɔn'ɔsʋg ka sʋ'oe.

O Tʋʋma

Baa gʋri ti ya'

2. Baas kɛt ka yir an wamm^[19].

Gbanvɛɛnsa

[:5-1] 1 2 3 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dog#CITEREFSmith2015

[:1-2] 1 2 https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Canis_lupus_familiaris/

[3] ttps://archive.org/details/domesticdogitsev00serp/page/7

[4] ttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10333734

[5] ttps://doi.org/10.11646%2Fzootaxa.4317.2.1

[:2-6] 1 2 https://web.archive.org/web/20200212111856/https://www.canids.org/CBC/Old_World_Canis_Taxonomy_Workshop.pdf

[7] ttps://web.archive.org/web/20200212111856/https://www.canids.org/CBC/Old_World_Canis_Taxonomy_Workshop.pdf

[8] ttps://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jas.2018.01.004

[:3-9] 1 2 3 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-030-04752-8

[:0-10] 1 2 https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013Natur.495..360A

[:6-11] 1 2 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10891106

[12] ttps://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41576-020-0225-0

[:4-13] 1 2 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)

[14] ttps://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.1203005109

[15] ttps://doi.org/10.1093%2Fnsr%2Fnwz049

[16] ttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10891106

[:7-17] 1 2 3 4 5 6 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5492993

[18] ttps://doi.org/10.1093%2Fnsr%2Fnwz049

[:8-19] 1 2 https://www.barkinggood.net/5-benefits-of-having-a-dog-in-your-life

[20] ttps://www.britannica.com/animal/Great-Dane

[21] ttps://www.britannica.com/animal/Chihuahua-dog

[22] ttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dog#CITEREFCunliffe2004

[23] ttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dog#CITEREFFogle2009

[24] ttps://web.archive.org/web/20240324091613/https://www.elwoodvet.net/back-pain-dogs

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