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Diib

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Diib
type of material
Subclass ofdisposable product, material, food and beverage Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Part ofedible Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Has useeating, food fight Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Namemichëwakàn, mehëmichink Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Made from materialfood ingredient Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Has effectfood allergy, satiety Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Studied byculinary art, food science Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Geography of topicgeography of food Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Used byorganism Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Unicode rangeU+2615,U+1F33D,U+1F345-1F37C,U+1F382 Dɛmisim gbɛlima
NCI Thesaurus IDC62695 Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Stack Exchange taghttps://lifehacks.stackexchange.com/tags/food, https://travel.stackexchange.com/tags/food-and-drink, https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/tags/food, https://english.stackexchange.com/tags/food Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Unicode character🍲 Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Opposite ofnon-food item Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Different kinds of foods.
Joachim Beuckelaer, 1560-1565
A slice of Pizza.

Diib bɛɛ Diid anɛ bunkanɛ ka bunvuya dit ka di tisidi ba niŋgbina biim nɛ paŋ.[1][2] Di tun'e an kansa, dטgida, ka bטnkɔnbid ɔnbidi ba nɔɔrin, ka li sטŋidi ba ka ba nɔbigid, paamid laafi, nɛ malisim.

Pa’alʋg nɛ buudi

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Diib anɛ bʋnlinɛ ka ba did ka li maan ningbina biim nɛ paŋi tisid ningbiŋ la.[3][4] Fʋ tɔ’ɔn di si’eba ka pʋ dʋgɛ, si’eba mɛ dʋgʋd, ka bʋnkɔnbid diti li nɔɔrin ye ba nyaŋi nɔbig, mɔr laafi ka li mɛ malisi ba. Diib pʋʋgin mɔr ku'om, lipids, proteins, nɛ carbohydrates. Minerals (wʋʋ yaarim) nɛ organic substances (wʋʋ vitamins) mɛ bɛ diib pʋʋgin.[5] Bʋnbʋta nɛ bʋnvʋya si’eba maani ba mɛŋ diib.[6] Ku'om bɛ diib bɛdigʋ ni ka lin mɛŋ mɛ anɛ diibi la.[7] Ku'om nɛ fiber pʋ tisid paŋ bɛdigʋ, bɛɛ kpaam, ka kpaam tisid paŋ bɛdigʋ.[4] Si’elnam mɛ bɛ ka ka’a diibɔ ka li an tilas ye bʋnkɔnbid nɛ bʋnbʋta mɔr ka nyaŋi an titua.[8]

Diib kanɛ ka ninsaalib dit mɔr buudi kɔn’ɔbkɔn’ɔb, lin an si’em bɛɛ ban maani li si’em.[9] Diib buudi kanl bɛn zuoe ya. Nidib bɛdigʋ la’asid diib nɛ zin’is anaasi ka li pa’an ban yi si’el na nɛ ban maan niŋgbina si’em: Vegetables nɛ wala, bi’elim bɛɛ biili diib, kpaam diib, nɛ ni’im.[10] Vɛɛnsig kanɛ gɔsid diib sʋ’ʋm yela pʋdʋg diib zin’iszin’is biili/bi’elim, biili/bi’elim kanɛ nɛɛm, vegetables, wala, bi’elim, bi’elim banɛ kpi’em, banɛ mɔr pa’ad, gɛla, kpaam la’ad, zimi, ni’im zin’a, ni’im kanɛ ka ba dʋg, nɛ daam banɛ ka ba nɔk sikiri maal.[11][12][13] Lugur Kane gosid diib, kuob ne gu'ul yela nɛ World Health Organization la’as diibi pʋdʋg nɛ zin’is piinɛ awai: mɔɔg biili, nya’a, yam nɛ biili banɛ kpi’em, bin’isim, gɛla,  zimi, ni’im, bʋni’anda, vegetables, wala, kpaam, sikir, spices, daam, diib banɛ tisid niŋgbiŋ biim, la’abanɛ paasid malisim nɛ vɛnlim, diib banɛ ka ba maali la’as nɛ bʋnɔnbida.[14] Bʋnvʋya si’eba ya’a ka’asigɛ, vʋ’ʋm kʋ aan titua nɛ bɔzugɔ ba si’eba ti’akid pɛbis bɛ’ɛdnam ka li lɛbigid sʋ’ʋm tis ninsaalib vʋ’ʋsʋm. Pɛbis kaŋa ka ba buon Ammonia la tisid proteins, nucleic acids, nɛ vitamins bɛdigʋ. Ban pin’ili maan vɛɛnsig kanɛ buon Haber-Bosch Process, ka ba dɔlisidi maan ammonia la, ninsaal mɛŋi yʋ’ʋn maani li bɛdigʋ.[15]


Bʋnbʋta

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Bʋnbʋta banɛ tisid diib pʋdig nɛ bi’elim, wala, vaand, bi’elim banɛ ka pak ligil wʋʋ bɛŋa, mɔ’biili wʋʋ mui nɛ walkpi’ema wan wʋʋ atian biili.[16] Bʋnbʋta banɛ paas buudi bam ani bɛ kɔn’ɔbkɔn’ɔb, ka banɛ an tiig wala si’eba an tomato, squash, nanzʋ’ʋs nɛ nyaadua bɛɛ biili wan wʋʋ bʋnlinɛ ka ba buon peas anɛ vaand buudi.[17] Diib line yit bunbuta ni anɛ wal, li zin’ig kanɛ dit la ya’a na nyaŋi bul bʋnpaalig. Wala zug biili, banɛ mɔr pa’ad, nɛ bi’elim anɛ wala.[18][19] Banɛ dʋgʋd zin’igin, ban gɔs ka wal anɛ fʋ ya’a yis bi’elim yis tiig bɛɛ mɔɔg la vaang ni.[20] Bi’elim anɛ biili banɛ ka ninsaalib dit bɛɛ kuod, ka mɔɔg biili (oats, wheat, mui, kawɛnna, barley, rye, sorghum nɛ ki) paas nɛ Poaceae (mɔɔg) buudi[21] nɛ biili banɛ yit Fabaceae (legume) buudi.[22] Bi’el mum anɛ diib banɛ ka bi’elif la an si’em la kpɛlim aan ala ka pʋ ti’akɛ (bran, germ, and endosperm). [23]Nuts mɛ anɛ wala banɛ kʋdʋg, ka pak kanɛ ligili ba la an wan wʋʋ daag nɛ.[20]

Wal banɛ pʋ kʋdʋgɛ (ban bɛɛ ba kɔn’ɔ nɛ banɛ an kpi’ema wan wʋʋ bi’elim, biili bɛɛ banɛ pigid) lɛn mɔr kɔn’ɔb kɔn’ɔb pʋdʋgir ka ban an stone fruits (cherries nɛ peaches), pome fruits (apples, pears), berries (blackberry, strawberry), citrus (oranges, lemon), melons (watermelon, cantaloupe), Mediterranean fruits (grapes, fig), tropical fruits (banana, pineapple).[20] Vegetables anɛ bʋnbʋtir la lɔkanɛ ka fʋ na nyaŋi di, wan wʋʋ nya’a, til, vaand, puum, pak bɛɛ tiig la wʋsa.[24] Bama si’eba anɛ banɛ ka ba dit nya’a (potatoes nɛ carrots), bʋngbila (gabʋ buudi), banɛ maan puum (cauliflower nɛ broccoli), banɛ ka ba dit vaand (spinach nɛ lettuce) nɛ banɛ ka ba diti ba til (celery nɛ asparagus).[25][24]

Bʋnbʋta zin’is banɛ tisid paŋ, maan niŋgbina nɛ linɛ tisid kpaam ka’a yinnɛ. Zin’ig banɛ tisid paŋ la anɛ starch, fructose, glucose bɛɛ sikir buudi si’eba.[16] Linɛ gu’ud ninsaal niŋgbiŋ ban’as pʋʋgin ka ba buon vitamins la yinɛ bʋnbʋta ni, ba si’eba banɛ pʋ yi bʋnbʋta ni anɛ vitamin D nɛ vitamin B12. Bʋnlinɛ maan niŋgbina ka ba buon Minerals la tɔ’ɔn zuoe bɛɛ lin an finn. Wala pʋʋgin tɔ’ɔn mɔr kuom piswai, kɔbiga pʋʋgin (90%), ka mɔr sikir buudinam bɛdigʋ linɛ kɛt ka li malis, ka mɛ mɔr vitamin C bɛdigʋ.[16][20] Fʋ ya’a mak nɛ wal banɛ nan pʋ kʋdʋgɛ (ka yis kodu) vegetables mɔr starch, potassium,[26] dietary fiber, folate nɛ vitamins bɛdigʋ ka lɛɛ mɔr kpaam finn.[27] Bi’elim anɛ banɛ mɔr diib bʋʋlim bɛdigʋ[16] ka banɛ ka ba pak kpi’em la mɛ tisid protein, fiber, vitamin E nɛ B bɛdigʋ.[20] Biili anɛ diib hali tis bʋnkɔnbid bɔzugɔ, ba mɔr pa’ad nɛ kpaam kanɛ zɛnmis, wan wʋʋ omega-3 fats.[28][29] Tikpi’ema si’eba ya’a la’as taaba na nyaŋi kɛ ka bʋnlinɛ tisid niŋgbiŋ laafi la paas bɛɛ si’e bɛ bʋnbʋta ni. Phytates anɛ bʋnlinɛ na nyaŋi kɛ ka sikir buudi si’eba nɛ vitamins pʋ zuoe bʋnbʋta la nii.[16]

Ba buon bʋnkɔnbid banɛ an yam bɛɛ mɔɔg ma’a la nɛ ye herbivores, ka banɛ dit tiis wala ka ba buoni ba ye frugivores,[30] ka banɛ dit vaand nɛ li daad la mɛ an folivores (pandas) ka banɛ ɔnbid daad la an xylophages (termites).[31] Banɛ dit tiis wala la si’eba anɛ banɛ yi annelids paae wabid, waamis nɛ niiŋ si’eba.[32][33][34] Zimi wan wʋʋ kɔbiga nɛ pisnii nɛ ayi (182) dit wala bɛɛ biili.[35] Bʋnkɔnbid (banɛ bɛ yaan nɛ mɔɔgin) ɔnbid nɛ mɔɔd kɔn’ɔbkɔn’ɔb ye ba paam niŋgbina biim.[36]

Ninsaalib dit bʋnbʋta buudi-buudi tusa-tusa; bʋnbʋta banɛ maan puum anɛ wan wʋʋ ban buudi-buudi tusa pisyɔpɔi nɛ anu (75,000), ka ba dit wan wʋʋ ban tusa yɔpɔi (7,000).[37] Ba mɔr bʋnbʋta maan bodobodo, pasta, cereals, daam nɛ jams bɛɛ la’asi’eba wan wʋʋ sikir, ti’nya’a, linɛ niŋid diib ka ba buon spices la nɛ kpaam.[16] Biili banɛ tisid kpaam mɔr kpaam bɛdigʋ ba pʋʋgin – sunflower, flaxseed, rapeseed (ka si’eba an canola oil) nɛ sesame.[38]

Bʋnkɔnbid nɛ bʋnbʋta bɛdigʋ la’asi duoe ka li yʋ’ʋn an ye ba wala la anɛ bʋnlinɛ tisid bʋnkɔnbid la niŋgbina biim, ka ban mɛ kɛŋ nyɛ’ɛ biili la bas zin’ig si’a sa, ka bʋnbʋta la yaligidi tɔlisid tuon.[39] Bʋnkɔnbidi ɛɛti di biili kɛŋ nyɛ’ɛ bas la mɛ mɔr sʋŋir, bɔzugɔ, biili si’eba pʋ buod bʋnkɔnbid pʋʋginɛ.[40][41] Bʋn’ian’ada anɛ banɛ dit biili bɛdigʋ,[28] ka sinsa’as, tambaris nɛ gʋnya an banɛ widigid biili laligid zin’ig.[42] Niimis mɛ an banɛ widigid biili,[43] ba pʋ taa dit biili ka li an ba diib wala, ba nɔnya la kpi’em nɛ na nyaŋi bʋ’ak pak la di biilif la.[44] Bʋnkɔnbid banɛ dʋ’ad dit biili kɔn’ɔbkɔn’ɔb, ban tɔ’ɔn mɔri ba nɔɔri kpi’em la pigisid pa’ad la ka dit biili la.[45]

Bʋnkɔnbid

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Ba mɔr bʋnkɔnbidi maan disi’eba bɛɛ dit ka li an ni’im. Nwa’ si’eba anɛ ni’im, gɛla, shellfish nɛ li kpaam wan wʋʋ milk nɛ cheese.[46] Ba tisid niŋgbina biim ka mɔr niŋgbina maalig la’ad wʋsa ka ninsaal ya’a di ka li na nyaŋi sʋŋ o.[47] One 4-ounce (110 g) steak, nua bin’isa bɛɛ kurkur ni’im mɔr protein 30 grams. Gɛl tita’ar yinnɛ mɔr protein 7 grams. A 4-ounce (110 g) ba ya’a mak cheese wala bɛn tisid protein 15 grams. Ka milik kɔp yinnɛ (~240 mL) mɛ mɔr protein 8 grams.[47] Niŋgbiŋ biim buudi banɛ ka ninsaal paamidi yit bʋnkɔnbid ni si’eba anɛ kpaam, vitamins (ka B12 paas) nɛ  (ka zinc, iron, calcium, magnesium paas).[47]

Diib banɛ ka ti nyɛti yit bʋnkɔnbid ni si’eba anɛ milik, lin yit nɛ bin’isa ni, ka si’eba nuud ala ka si’eba mɛ mɔri li maan disi’eba (cheese, butter, etc.). Gɛla banɛ ka bʋnkɔnbid banɛ mɔr kʋkpama nyɛ’ɛt la siing diti maan siind, ka yisid bʋnsi’eba bɛ puum ni la’asidi li ka di malis. Buud si’eba nud ziim, diib wan wʋʋ ziim ni’im, ziim ka ba mɔri bʋligid ni’im ka paasid yaarim digin ka di yʋʋgin, ka si’eba mɛ mɔr ziim maan stew wan wʋʋ dikanɛ ka ba buon jugged hare la.[48]

Nɔɔrin lɛmig

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Bʋnkɔnbid, li kaskas ninsaalib, ya’a lɛ’ɛm si’eli ba nɔɔrin, li pa’an bʋnama anu nwa’: li tɔ’ɔn malis, an zɛn’ɛm, an yaarim, an tɔɔg, bɛɛ din on an ni’im. Ba lɛmid diib nɔɔrini nyaŋidi bakidi ba nɛ taaba, anina ka ba baŋid banɛ maan niŋgbina nɛ banɛ an yabidi tis niŋgbiŋ.[49] Bʋnkɔnbidi paasid la, banɛ tisid paŋ anɛ banɛ ka ba diib malis la,[50] amaa ninsaalib tɔ’ɔn ti’aki ba pʋtɛn’ɛri bɔɔd dikanɛ ka ba daa pʋ nɔŋa.[49] Ku'om an bʋnlinɛ ya’a kae ka vʋ’ʋm kae la pʋ mɔr malisim bɛɛ tɔɔlim nɔɔrinɛ.[51]

Bʋnlinɛ kɛt ka si’el malis ninsaal nɔɔrin anɛ sikir buudi banɛ ka ba si’eba an  glucose, fructose, bɛɛ disaccharides ka ban si’eba mɛ an sucrose, lin la’as nɛ glucose nɛ fructose. [52] Fʋ ya’a lɛ’ɛm si’el nɔɔrin ka li an zɛn’ɛm, linɛ kɛt ka li an ala anɛ zɛn’ɛsim, ka si’eba anɛ vinegar kanɛ ka ba niŋid daam banɛ mɔr pataasi li pʋʋgin la. Dibama buudi si’eba an citrus, li kaskas anɛ lemons nɛ limes. Diib ya’a pʋ Malisa, li an sʋ’ʋm bɔzugɔ li pa’an saŋsi’eba ye diib la san’am nɛ.[53] Diib ya’a an yaarimyaarim, li pa’al ye yaarim kuguri paasi li pʋʋgin wan wʋʋ sodium nɛ potassium. Li bɛ diib bɛdigʋ ni zɛnmis nɛ ye li kɛ ka li diib malis. Tɔɔg anɛ bʋnlinɛ ka ba pʋ bɔɔda lin tɔi la zug. Bʋnlinɛ pʋ Malisa si’eba anɛ chocolate sabilig, caffeine, lemon rind, nɛ tiis wala si’eba. Umami, mɛ anɛ malisim kanɛ bɛ fʋn na dʋg ni’im pʋʋgin.Fleming, Amy (9 April 2013). "Umami: why the fifth taste is so important". The Guardian. Retrieved 5 January 2023.[54] Diib banɛ ka fʋ ya’a lɛmi ba ka ba pa’an ni’im malisim anɛ cheese, ni’im nɛ abʋʋd.[55]

Bʋnkɔnbid bɛdigʋ mɔr dinɛ lɛmid diibi baŋid malisim la nɛ ba nɔɔrin, bʋnian’ada si’eba bɛɛ mɔri ba nɔba lɛmid diib, ka zimi mɛ mɔri ba niŋgbiŋ zin’ig wʋsa tɔ’ɔn lɛmid diib.[56][57] Baa, amus nɛ niis dinɛ lɛmid diib la pɔɔd nɛ (nɔɔs mɔr wan wʋʋ ban pistan’),[58] Ninsaalib banɛ an kpɛɛmnam mɔr ka li wa’ae tusayi nɛ tusa anaasi yela,[59] ka zimi mɔr ka li gaad million.[57] Bʋnkɔnbid banɛ ɔnbid mɔɔd mɔr ka li gaad banɛ ɔnbid ni’im, lin ka ba nyaŋidi baŋid mɔɔg banɛ an yabid.[60] Bʋnkɔnbid wʋsa pʋ lɛ’ɛmid yinnɛ, kuus lɛmmidi gɔsid diib bʋʋlim, amus kʋ nyaŋi lɛ’ɛm diibi baŋi li malisim bɛn nɛ, ka bʋnkɔnbid banɛ ɔnbid ni’im bɛdigʋ (ka si’eba an hyenas, dolphins, nɛ sea lions) kʋ nyaŋi lɛ’ɛm gɔs diib malisim bɛɛ di tɔɔlim zin’is anu banɛ bɛ Ninsaal ni la.[61]

Diib buor

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Diib kpɛn’ɛd ningbina ni an biim nɛ dɔlisid lin na buoe kpɛn’ɛ giinla nɛ kɔnba ni.[62] Diibi na niŋ si’em ka buoe niŋgbiŋin anɛ fʋn na ɔnbi li nɔɔrin ka bʋnvʋya si’eba bɛ pʋʋgin mɛ ɔnbi li bʋlʋg).[63][64] Diibi dɔlisid si’em buodi bɛ bʋnkɔnbid banɛ ɔnbid mɔɔd nɛ bʋnkɔnbid banɛ ɔnbid ni’im bɛ kɔn’ɔbkɔn’ɔb bɔzugɔ mɔɔg pʋ buod na’ana’a.[65] Bʋnkɔnbid banɛ ɔnbid ni’im la, Wina’am maali ba nɔnya la nɛ ka ba tɔ’ɔn aansid ka ga’ad ka bʋnkɔnbid banɛ ɔnbid mɔɔg la lɛɛ bugusud yam la. Bʋnkɔnbid banɛ ɔnbid mɔɔg la mɔr pʋya ka li zuoe lin na niŋ si’em ka diib la buoe ka diibi dɔlisid suor si’a ka buod la mɛ wa’am.[66][67]

Diib sʋ’ʋm yela

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Labaar bɛ World Health Organization (WHO), ye nidib 600 million dunia wʋsa bɛn’ɛd ka 420,000 ɛɛti kɔ’ɔŋi ba nyɔɔr dɔlisid nɛ ban di dibanɛ sa’am pʋʋgin.[68][69] Diarrhea, ban’a kanɛ ka ba tiind ka saand la anɛ wikanɛ yinɛ fʋn na di dikanɛ san’am, ka nidib 550 million ka li gban’adi ba, ka ba pʋʋgin, nidib 230,000 dɔlisid anina kɔ’ɔŋidi ba nyɔɔrr yʋʋm wʋsa. Biis banɛ pʋ paae yʋma anu anɛ pisnaasi, kɔbiga pʋʋgin ka li dɔlisid nɛ diib ban’as ni ka ba kɔ’ɔŋidi ba nyɔɔr, biis 125,000 kɔ’ɔŋidi ba nyɔɔr yʋʋm wʋsa.[69][70]

Yʋʋm tusayi nɛ atan’ ni (2003) World Health Organization (WHO) da yis labaar na ka ye nidib banɛ dit diib kanɛ san’am ka ban’as mɔri ba bɛ WHO European Region pistan’ kɔbiga pʋʋgin (30%) yitnɛ nidib yaan.[71] WHO nɛ CDC gbana pʋʋgin, US tɛŋin ma’a, yʋʋm wʋsa, nidib 76 million ka ban’as gban’adi ba dɔlisid diib ni, nidib 325,000 pʋ lɛn nyaŋidi tʋm si’ela ka nidib 5,000 ɛɛnti kɔ’ɔŋid ba nyɔɔr.[72]

Lin yi yʋʋm tusayi nɛ piinɛ yinnɛ (2011) paae yʋʋm tusayi nɛ piinɛyuobʋ ni (2016), nidib wan wʋʋ 668,673 ka ban’as gban’a ba dɔlisid diib ni ka li dɔlisid anina ka nidib pisi nɛ yinnɛ kɔ’ɔŋidi ba nyɔɔr yʋʋm wʋsa.[73][74][75][76] Linɛ lɛn paas ya’as, yʋʋm bama saŋa, diib ban’as kɔn’ɔbkɔn’ɔb 1,007 ka ba da nyɛ ka lin da gban’a nidib si’eba an 30,395.[69]

Gbanvɛɛnsa

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]
  1. ↑ "Food definition and meaning". Collins English Dictionary. Archived from the original on 1 May 2021. Retrieved 21 August 2021.
  2. ↑ "Low-Energy-Dense Foods and Weight Management: Cutting Calories While Controlling Hunger" (PDF). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 November 2021. Retrieved 3 December 2021.
  3. ↑ "Food definition and meaning". Collins English Dictionary. Archived from the original on 1 May 2021. Retrieved 21 August 2021.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Low-Energy-Dense Foods and Weight Management: Cutting Calories While Controlling Hunger" (PDF). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 November 2021. Retrieved 3 December 2021.
  5. ↑ Rahman, M. Shafiur; McCarthy, Owen J. (July 1999). "A classification of food properties". International Journal of Food Properties. 2 (2): 93–99. doi:10.1080/10942919909524593. ISSN 1094-2912.
  6. ↑ "What is Photosynthesis". Smithsonian Science Education Center. 12 April 2017. Archived from the original on 3 December 2021. Retrieved 3 December 2021.
  7. ↑ "CPG Sec 555.875 Water in Food Products (Ingredient or Adulterant)". U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 11 February 2020. Archived from the original on 3 December 2021. Retrieved 3 December 2021.
  8. ↑ Zoroddu, Maria Antonietta; Aaseth, Jan; Crisponi, Guido; Medici, Serenella; Peana, Massimiliano; Nurchi, Valeria Marina (1 June 2019). "The essential metals for humans: a brief overview". Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry. 195: 120–129. doi:10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2019.03.013. ISSN 0162-0134. PMID 30939379. S2CID 92997696. Archived from the original on 11 April 2022. Retrieved 11 April 2022.
  9. ↑ Sadler, Christina R.; Grassby, Terri; Hart, Kathryn; Raats, Monique; Sokolović, Milka; Timotijevic, Lada (1 June 2021). "Processed food classification: Conceptualisation and challenges". Trends in Food Science & Technology. 112: 149–162. doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2021.02.059. ISSN 0924-2244. S2CID 233647428.
  10. ↑ Nestle, Marion (2013) [2002]. Food Politics: How the Food Industry Influences Nutrition and Health. University of California Press. pp. 36–37. ISBN 978-0-520-27596-6.
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