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Jollof rice

Di yinɛ Wikipiidia
Jollof rice
been cin
Subclass ofmui Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Named afterWolof people Dɛmisim gbɛlima
ContinentAfrica Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Locationceremony Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Country of originSenegal, Nigeria, Ghana Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Fabrication methodcooking Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Hashtagjollof rice Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Used byeating Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Coursemain course Dɛmisim gbɛlima

Jollof (/dʒəˈlɒf/), bɛɛ jollof rice, anɛ diib kanɛ ka ba nɔk mui maal ka li yit West Africa. Ban mɔr siꞌelnami maan diib la anɛ mui biꞌelim, tomantoos, nanzʋꞌʋs, gabʋ, bʋnyʋbisa, ka saŋsiꞌeba ka ba paasid bʋnbʋtta vaand nɛ li zinꞌig siꞌeba nɛ niꞌim, ka li wʋsa laꞌasidi dʋgʋd nɛ dʋg yinnɛ ni, amaa laꞌad banɛ ka ba mɔri dʋgʋdi li nɛ bɛ kɔnꞌɔb kɔnꞌɔb tɛŋ wʋsa ni. Diib nwaꞌ pinꞌil nɛ Senegal.[1]

Ban dʋgʋsi li kɔnꞌɔb kɔnꞌɔb la kɛ ka ba nyaꞌad banɛ dʋdʋdi li sʋꞌʋm gaadi ba taaba yela tɛɛns banɛ bɛ West Africa ni, li kaskas anɛ Nigeria nɛ Ghana, kati waꞌae banɛ bʋnni an sʋꞌʋm gaadi ba taaba; yʋʋm tusayi nɛ piiga saŋa la, nwaꞌ da kɛ ka ba pʋdi li diꞌema yʋꞌʋr ye "Jollof zaba".

Tɛŋ banɛ ka ba piaꞌad French ka ba bɛ West Africa ni, ba buon diib la yʋꞌʋr nɛ ye riz au gras. Senegal dim din la, thieboudienne, anɛ bʋnlinɛ ka lʋgir kanɛ buon UNESCO siꞌak ye li paas ninsaalib diib pʋʋgin.

Pinꞌilʋg nɛ lin yi siꞌel na

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Sʋꞌʋlʋm kanɛ ka ba da buon Jolof bɛɛ Wolof Empire da anɛ tɛŋ kanɛ da sʋꞌʋg West Africa zinꞌig siꞌeba wan wʋʋ zinꞌis banɛ ka ti buon zina ye Senegal, Mali, Gambia nɛ Mauritania hali 12th century saŋa sa[2][3][4] ka ba da pʋdi li yʋꞌʋr nyaꞌaŋ ye Jolof naꞌam sʋꞌʋlʋm. Ninkanɛ gɔsid African kʋdʋmin diib yela ka o yʋꞌʋr buon Fran Osseo-Asare, paꞌal ye jollof rice pinꞌilig da bɛ nɛ zinꞌig kanɛ ka mui da bɛ;[5] ka ban da pinꞌili buoni li siꞌem an thieboudienne bɛɛ thiebou djeun,[6] ka ban mɔr siꞌelnami maan an mui, zimi, nɛ vaand bɛɛ bʋnbʋta lʋꞌas siꞌeba.[7] Ba yaꞌa nɔk niꞌim m maal, ba buoni li ye ceebu yapp.[5] Tɛŋ banɛ ka ba gbanꞌad zimi ka ba bɛ Saint-Louis anɛ zinꞌis banɛ ka ba gɔs ka yel ye li da yinɛ anina na.[8][9][10]

Ninkanɛ gɔsid diib, kuob nɛ gʋꞌʋl yela ka ba buon o James C. McCann paꞌal ye diib la da na pinꞌil nɛ yi Senegal paae lin bɛ zinꞌig siꞌeba zina nwa la, bɔzugɔ ba pʋ nyɛ ka buudi pianꞌad, kʋdʋmin tʋʋma wala buudi ka li da diꞌe tɛŋa. Amaa o paꞌal ye diib la yadigi diꞌe tɛŋ wʋsa la yinɛ Mali empire, li kaskas anɛ Djula buudi banɛ da an kpikpinib la banɛ da zamisi li mɔri li kɛŋ tɛɛns kɔnꞌɔb kɔnꞌɔb daꞌa diib, ba da lɛn mɔr kʋnt kʋndʋb, daꞌa diib nɛ mui kuob paae tɛɛns bɛdigʋ, nɛ mɔɔm pʋꞌʋsʋg.[7]

Marc Dufumier, Ninkanɛ yit an Emeritus ka zamis bʋnbʋtta yela, yis pianꞌak na paꞌal diib la yi siꞌel na, o ye diib la dɔlis nɛ ban da kuod sʋnma Senegal tisid French dim ka ba maan kpaam, ka ki nɛ sɔɔgum nam kuobi da siꞌe la ka ba mɔr mui yi Southeast Asia kpɛnꞌɛ na. Nwaꞌ da kɛ ka tɛnkpɛmisin banɛ dʋgʋd diib da zamisi li dʋgʋb.[11]

Tamantoos kanɛ yʋꞌʋn bɛ, tomato ganꞌalig, nanzʋꞌʋs, Indian dim nanzʋꞌʋs nɛ Asia dim mui kɔnꞌɔb kɔnꞌɔb banɛ bɛ zina, kɛ ka ba gɔs ka yel ye diib la kɛna pʋ gaad 19th century, amaa ba pʋ mɔr kasɛta kanɛ ka ba na nyaŋi paꞌal ye ba da kuod bʋnbʋta kaŋa mɔri dʋgʋdi li bɛɛ ba da mɔr laʋk kaŋa yit katɛŋi mɔri kɛn na dʋgʋdi li.[12][13] Senegal tɛŋin, ba mɔr sɔlima pʋʋgin ka ba naꞌasid Penda Mbaye, o da anɛ onɛ dʋgʋd diib tisid naꞌasaanam banɛ da sʋꞌʋg tɛŋ la bɛ Saint-Louis, Senegal, ba yɛt ye onɛ da pinꞌil dikaŋa yit nɛ ki da kae ka o nɔk mui dʋg la.[13][11][14]

Tɛɛns kɔnꞌɔb nɛ ba diib

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Jollof rice anɛ dikanɛ ka li yʋꞌʋr yi hali bɛ West Africa. Ba mɔr laꞌad kɔnꞌɔb kɔnꞌɔbi dʋgʋdi li ka li yʋda mɛ lɛn kaꞌa yinnɛ;[15] Mali tɛŋin ka buon ye zaamè bɛ Bamanankan buudi pianꞌad ni. Ban nyɛ yʋꞌʋr la ye jollof ka sɔꞌ wʋsa miꞌ la yinɛ Nidib banɛ bɛ Wolof,[16] ka Senegal, Mauritania nɛ Gambia ka ba buoni li nɛ Wolof pianꞌad ni ye ceebu jën bɛɛ benachin. Zinꞌis banɛ ka ba pianꞌad Fariŋ pianꞌad, ba buoni li ye riz au gras. Baa lin bɛ kɔnꞌɔb kɔnꞌɔb la, diib la yʋꞌʋr yi ya hali bɛ tɛɛns bɛdigʋ Africa sʋꞌʋlʋm nɛ li sʋꞌʋlʋm nyaꞌaŋ.[5][17][18][19][20] Li bɛ dunia zinꞌig wʋsa, zinꞌis banɛ ka nidib naan West Africa paae anina wʋsa.[17]

Laꞌad nɛ maalʋg

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Jollof rice anɛ linɛ ka ba mɔr mui, kpaam, tamantoos, gabʋ, yaarim, nanzʋꞌʋs, nɛ laꞌabanɛ ka ba laꞌas siꞌeba maal wan wʋʋ tamantoos ganꞌalig, nanzʋꞌʋs, garlic, kakaduro: laꞌad banɛ ka ba mɔri dʋgʋd la bɛ kɔnꞌɔb kɔnꞌɔb tɛŋ wʋsa nɛ ban dʋgʋd siꞌem. Nua, kolokolo, naaf niꞌim, kɔnbʋg niꞌim bɛɛ zimi ka ba mɔri dʋgʋd ka paasidi diti li.[21][22][7] Tɛŋ siꞌeba ni, zɛnvaand nɛ bʋnbʋtta lʋas siꞌeba wan wʋʋ vaand bɛɛ nyɛꞌɛlim mɛ paas.[23]

Siꞌeba mɔri naꞌasaa mui waꞌama dʋgʋd, ka siꞌeba mɛ mɔr mui ginma ka siꞌeba mɛ mɔr mui kanɛ ka ba waae dʋgʋd.[24][23] Ba ɛɛti mɔr tamantoos maꞌasa, tamantoos ganꞌalig, gabʋ, yaarim nɛ nanzʋꞌʋs ka ba kiimid nɛ kpaam ka nyaan paasid mui la dʋgʋd.[6][24]

Jollof zaba

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Tɛɛns banɛ bɛ West Africa dʋgʋd diib la buudi yinnɛ, ka Ghana, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Liberia nɛ Cameroon nyaꞌad banɛ dʋgʋ li gaadi ba taaba yela.[7] Yʋʋm tusayi nɛ piiga nam saŋa la ka "Jollof zaba" nwa da pinꞌil.[25]

Zabir nwaꞌ kpɛlim bɛ Nigeria nɛ Ghana, ka li kɛ ka ba maal nyaꞌab siꞌeba, wan wʋʋ diib dʋgʋb nyaꞌab nɛ naꞌasaasɔɔng ni nɛ malima pʋʋgin.[26][27] Yʋʋm tusayi nɛ piinɛ yuobʋ ni, Sister Deborah da yis yʋda yis yʋʋma paalig ka pʋdi li yʋꞌʋr ye "Ghana Jollof", ka li da paꞌal ye Nigerian dim din la bɛ nyaꞌaŋ.[28] Li pʋ yʋʋgɛ, zaba da duoe ban da pʋʋd jollof ka di pʋ siꞌalɛ bɛ bɛ Ghana naꞌadɔɔg nyaꞌad diꞌema zinꞌig ka Nigeria nidib da mɔri laꞌad Ghana dim.[28]

Siꞌeba dʋgʋd jollof ka li anɛ ba mɔri ba tɛŋin laꞌadi maan ka li kɛ ka li bɛɛ li kɔnꞌ.[28][7] Yʋʋm tusayi nɛ piinɛ naasi ni, onɛ ka ba buon ye Jamie Oliver da paꞌal fʋn na dɔlis suor sia dʋg ka paas tamantoos, nɛ laꞌasieba ka li kɛ ka ba yʋꞌʋn buon Jollof yʋꞌʋr naꞌasaasɔɔng pʋʋgin, ka li kɛ ka Oliver nidib yis labaar na.[28][7]

Tɛɛnsin kɔꞌɔb kɔnꞌɔb

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Cameroon

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Cameroon dim din la, ba buoni li saŋsiꞌeba nɛ ye fried rice, ka linɛ ka ba nɔki paasi li pʋʋgin an nanzʋꞌʋg wiig, carrots, bɛŋa nɛ zimi kanɛ ka ba ɔnl.[7][29]

The Gambia

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Wilisima banɛ ka ba ɔnl ka banɛ dʋgʋd diib la mɔri dʋgʋdi li bɛ Gambia.[7]

Ghana

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Ghana jollof rice anɛ linɛ ka ba nɔk kpaam, gabʋ, kakaduro, garlic, nanzʋꞌʋs, tamantoos, naaf niꞌim bɛɛ bʋʋg niꞌim bɛɛ nua niꞌim, mui kanɛ ka ba nɛɛm, ka ba nɔki laꞌasi dʋgi li.[30] Banɛ dʋgʋd Ghana jollof titaꞌam pʋ paasid vaandɛ.[28]

Ban pinꞌini dʋgʋd Ghana jollof siꞌem anɛ ba ɛɛti maal nɛ naaf niꞌim bɛɛ nua niꞌim la yiiga dʋgʋ li waae nɛ kakaduro, gabʋ, nɛ garlic, ba na kiimi li nɛ lin ti siꞌal.[30] ka ba yʋꞌʋn laꞌas laꞌabanɛ kpɛlim la kiim kpaamin, ba ɛɛnti pinꞌil nɛ gabʋ, nanzʋꞌʋs, tamantoos ganꞌalig, tamantoos maꞌasa, nɛ bʋnyʋbisa, ban dɔlisid suosia gɛndigid laꞌad la anɛ wala. Ba yaꞌa laꞌas laꞌad la kiim naae, ba na paas mui dʋg nɛ lin ti biꞌig. Ban dit Ghana jollof la nɛ siꞌel anɛ bɔɔdiɛ nɛ naaf niꞌim, nua niꞌim, ziꞌiŋ kiꞌima, bɛɛ ban gɛndig zɛnvaand.[28][31][32]

Ba dit Jollof bɛ Ghana nɛ shito ka paasid salad bɛ tigir nɛ diꞌema nam ni.[33]

Liberia

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Ba dit Liberia dim jollof nɛ niꞌim kanɛ yi kɔlʋgin na.[28]

Nigeria

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Ba mɔr buudi kɔnꞌɔb kɔnꞌɔb bɛɛ anina, ban mɔr siꞌel nami dʋgʋd Nigerian jollof mui ka ba dʋgʋd la anɛ mui kanɛ waꞌam, tamantoos maꞌasa nɛ tomato ganꞌalig, gabʋ, nanzʋꞌʋs (nanzʋꞌʋs baanlig[34] nɛ bʋʋ nanzʋꞌʋs), kpaam, niꞌim ka paas laꞌasiꞌeba nam wan wʋʋ vaand, nanzʋꞌʋs piꞌelig biꞌela, nɛ maagi.[6] mui kanɛ ka ba nɔk lɔri bʋꞌ ka ba an waꞌama (ka ba ye li dʋgʋb an naꞌanaꞌa bɛ U.K[35].) bɛɛ Golden Sella basmati mui (la wan linɛ ka ba waae[36] ka an naꞌanaꞌa bɛ U.K., ka li yʋꞌʋr yit hali yʋʋm tusayi nɛ ayuobʋ saŋa sa) anɛ mui kanɛ ka Nigerian dim taa dʋgid, lin pʋ kilimid mɔtmɔt tɔꞌɔtɔꞌɔ la yela.[24]

Mui kanɛ ka ba mɔri dʋgʋd Nigeria tɛŋin maan jollof rice titaꞌam anɛ mui kanɛ ka ba waae yiiga ka nyaan nɛɛm. Fʋn na gbanꞌae gbanꞌar ye fʋ gaŋ mui buudi sia dʋg, banɛ an muma waꞌama la anɛ ba dʋgʋbʋ na pʋ tɔe ya bɛɛ ban an waꞌama la yela (buudi siꞌeba anɛ, Tolly Boy, Mama Gold, Dangote Rice, Veetee, Village Pride, Tropical Sun, Mama Pride, Mama Africa, Cap Rice, Uncle Ben's, Royal Stallion, Carolina Gold) bɛɛ Golden Sella basmati-mui kanɛ ka ba ɛɛti waae mɛn (ka mɛ su bɔtɔ ni li kɔnꞌɔ wʋʋ Asli, Tilda)[37][38][39] linɛ na kɛ ka fʋ gaŋ mui bama nwa anɛ ban na bɛ, li dʋgʋbʋ na pʋ tɔe ya nɛ ninsaal la mɛŋ bɔɔdim. Linɛ pak anɛ ye ba waae li (li gbin paꞌal ye ba dʋgʋ li biꞌela nɛ paꞌad la ka nyaan nɛɛm). Sella basmati mui, anɛ buudi kanɛ ka nidib gɔs ka li vɛnli tisi ba.[40]

Laꞌad banɛ paasidi dʋgʋd la bɛnɛ dʋg yinnɛ ni, lin nɛ niꞌim bɛɛ ka pʋn dɛŋim kiim tamantoos nɛ nanzʋꞌʋsi laꞌas taaba gbinin. Li nyaꞌaŋ ka ba paas mui ka yʋꞌʋn basi li ka li dʋgʋ biꞌig.[6]

Ba dit diib nwa nɛ disiꞌeba (wʋʋ naaf niꞌim, kolokolo niꞌim, nua niꞌim zimi; ka siꞌeba banɛ ka ba pʋ taa paasid mɛ an pɛog, kurkur niꞌim, nɛ banɛ kpɛlim) ba mɛ diti li nɛ bɔɔdiɛ kiꞌima, moi-moi (bɛŋa diib), vaand, salad, etc.

Ba dʋgʋd diib bɛdigʋ ka li wan Nigerian jollof rice, ka siꞌebas an coconut-jollof rice.[41][42] Coconut-jollof rice anɛ diib kanɛ ka banɛ dit titaꞌam an Igbo buudi banɛ bɛ Nigerians.

Senegal

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

UNESCO siꞌak ye Senegal jollof la, ka ba buon ye thieboudienne, ye li paas buudi malima pʋʋgin.[43][29] Thieboudienne anɛ linɛ ka ba mɔr mui banɛ kʋꞌʋsi maan.[44] Wilisima ka siꞌeba mɔri paasidi maan.[7]

Sierra Leone

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Nidib banɛ bɛ Sierra Leone tɛŋin miꞌ diib la yela, ban pʋ mɔr abɛkpaam maana, ka lɛɛ mɔr tamantoos ganꞌalig.[24][5]

Riz au gras

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Banɛ buoni li ala anɛ West Africa tɛɛns banɛ pianꞌad Fariŋ buudi pianꞌad, ka siꞌeba an Beninese, Burkinabé, Guinean, Ivorian, Nigerien, nɛ Togolese diib dʋgʋdib ni, ba mɛ mɔri li buudi yinnɛ ka ba buon ye riz gras bɛɛ riz au gras, linɛ gbini an "mui kanɛ mɔr kpaam", lin anɛ mui ginma banɛ ka ba mɔri dʋgʋd la la. Linɛ paas yaꞌas, Guinea-Bissauan diib pʋʋgin, tɛɛns banɛ mɛ pianꞌad Portuguese mɛ mɔr.[24] Riz gras dʋgʋb nib a paasid yaadua, carrots, nɛ vaand. [45][46][47]

Malima pʋʋgin nɛ dunia yela

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Jollof anɛ dikanɛ paas malima pʋʋgin hali bɛ West Africa ka ba mɔr yelisim tisi li ye, "Tigir yaꞌa bɛ ka jollof kae li kʋdim anɛ laꞌas zaalig".[24] Nigeria tɛŋin ba pianꞌakpɛŋ, "Gɔsim jollof" gbin anɛ ye "gɔsim malisim kanɛ ka li mɔr na" nwa dɔlis nɛ ninkanɛ an Nigeria nid ka an onɛ gɔsidi ba kʋdʋmin diib yela ka o yʋꞌʋr an Ozoz Sokoh.[24]

Yʋʋm tusayi nɛ piiga nam saŋa la, banɛ bɛ West African mɔr nɔŋilim hali tisi dunia zinꞌis siꞌeba diib. Diꞌema kanɛ ka ba buon Jollof malima la ka diꞌemidi bɛ Washington, DC, nɛ Toronto. Ba pinꞌil "Dunia Jollof Dabisir" diꞌema hali yʋʋm tusayi nɛ piinɛ anu, Mɔtul nwadig, dabpisi nɛ ayi daar sa, ka li nyɛ yʋꞌʋr hali bɛ naꞌasaasɔɔng diꞌema zinꞌisin ni ka dunia wʋsa wʋm jollof rice yela.[7][24] Yʋʋm tusayi nɛ pisi nɛ ayi, Sapal nwadig, daba atanꞌ daar, naꞌasaasɔɔng zinꞌig kanɛ ka ba buon Google da tis diib nwa zuonr.[48]

Diib banɛ wan

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Zinꞌig siꞌeba mɔr diib la nɛ o wannim:

·        Diꞌema ni jollof bɛɛ diꞌema mui anɛ diib kanɛ ka ba dʋgʋd nɛ daad bugum piꞌelim, ka li kɛt ka li mɔr nyɔꞌɔs malisim nyʋʋg ka dʋg la gbinin tɔꞌɔn kanp, ban laꞌasid laꞌasiꞌeba maan anɛ tamantoos maꞌasa nɛ nanzʋꞌʋs, tamantoos ganꞌalig, gabʋ, kpaam, bʋnyʋbisasiꞌebas, niꞌim ku'om, etc.[24][23]

·        Ba yaꞌa dʋgʋd tɛŋkpɛŋ mui, ba mɔri abɛkpaam nɛ zimi kanɛ ka ba ɔnl ka li kʋdʋk ka zʋnꞌʋni paas (ka ba mɛ buon ye kpalʋg bɛɛ dawa-dawa), uziza biili nɛ vaand banɛ ka ba nyʋʋg malis,[24] (ka ba buoni ba ye nchuanwu, arimu nɛ ahuji bɛ Igbo buudi pianꞌad ni; ntong bɛ Efik-Ibibio buudi ni; efirin bɛ Yoruba pianꞌad ni, añyeba bɛ Igala buudi ni, aramogbo bɛ Edo; etc.), ka saŋsiꞌeba ka ba nɔkid bʋnyʋbisa zuasidi li. Kusa mui anɛ mui kanɛ ka li ligidi pʋ paae buud bama la ka ba taa mɔr abɛkpaam (bɛɛ sʋnma kpaam) dʋgʋdʋ li.

Gbanvɛɛnsa

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]
  1. ↑ "UNESCO - Ceebu Jën, a culinary art of Senegal". ich.unesco.org. Retrieved 31 March 2024.
  2. ↑ Boulègue, Jean (1987). Le Grand Jolof, XIIIe-XVIe siècle (in French). Blois: Façades. ISBN 9782907233002.
  3. ↑ Gamble, David P.; Salmon, Linda K.; Njie, Alhaji Hassan (1985). Peoples of the Gambia: The Wolof. I. San Francisco State University, Department of Anthropology. p. 3.
  4. ↑ Sallah, Tijan M. (15 December 1995). Wolof: (Senegal). The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc. ISBN 978-0-8239-1987-1.
  5. 1 2 3 4 McCann, James C. (2009). A west African culinary grammar". Stirring the Pot: A History of African Cuisine. Ohio University Press. pp. 29, 133–135. ISBN 978-0896802728.
  6. 1 2 3 4 Komolafe, Yewande (24 June 2019). "Yewande Komolafe's 10 Essential Nigerian Recipes". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 18 September 2023.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Sloley, Patti (7 June 2021). "Jollof Wars: Who does West Africa's iconic rice dish best?". BBC Travel. Retrieved 16 July 2021.
  8. ↑ Komolafe, Yewande (18 September 2023). "The Queen of West African Recipes Has Entered the Chat". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 12 August 2024.
  9. ↑ Niang, Fatima Fall (24 January 2023). "Who invented jollof rice? Senegal beats Ghana and Nigeria to the title". The Conversation. Retrieved 12 August 2024.
  10. ↑ "Ceebu Jën, a culinary art of Senegal". UNESCO. Retrieved 12 August 2024.
  11. 1 2 Dufumier, Marc (30 March 2018). "Recette : le thiéboudiène de Marc Dufumier". Le Monde. Retrieved 27 October 2018.
  12. ↑ Alpern, Stanley B. (1992). "The European Introduction of Crops into West Africa in Precolonial Times". History in Africa. 19: 13–43. doi:10.2307/3171994. ISSN 0361-5413. JSTOR 3171994. S2CID 163106670.
  13. 1 2 Kokayi, Saqera (18 March 2021). "The History of Jollof Rice". Best of Vegan. Retrieved 15 May 2023.
  14. ↑ Afana, Clementine (31 March 2020). "Senegalese Thieboudienne Is a Dish That Feeds, Satisfies, and Unites". Matador Network. Retrieved 18 September 2023.
  15. ↑ Ayto, John (2012). "Jollof rice". The Diner's Dictionary: Word Origins of Food and Drink (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 188. ISBN 978-0199640249.
  16. ↑ Osseo-Asare, Fran (1 January 2005). Food Culture in Sub-Saharan Africa. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 33, 162. ISBN 978-0-313-32488-8.
  17. 1 2 Davidson, Alan (11 August 2014). "Jollof rice". The Oxford Companion to Food. Oxford University Press. p. 434. ISBN 978-0-19-967733-7.
  18. ↑ Brasseaux, Ryan A.; Brasseaux, Carl A. (1 February 2014). "Jambalaya". In Edge, John T. (ed.). The New Encyclopedia of Southern Culture: Volume 7: Foodways. University of North Carolina Press. p. 188. ISBN 978-1-4696-1652-0.
  19. ↑ Anderson, E. N. (7 February 2014). Everyone Eats: Understanding Food and Culture, Second Edition. NYU Press. p. 106. ISBN 978-0-8147-8916-2.
  20. ↑ "Ghana Jollof Recipe: Steps To Preparing Jollof Rice The Ghanaian Way". BuzzGhana. 5 September 2017. Retrieved 16 January 2020.
  21. ↑ "Classic Nigerian Jollof Rice Recipe on Food52". Food52. Retrieved 27 February 2021.
  22. ↑ "Ghana Jollof Recipe: Steps To Preparing Jollof Rice The Ghanaian Way". BuzzGhana. 5 September 2017. Retrieved 16 January 2020.
  23. 1 2 3 Sokoh, Ozoh (22 September 2022). "Nigerian Jollof Rice Recipe". Serious Eats. Retrieved 18 September 2023.
  24. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Sokoh, Ozoz (10 May 2021). "The Wide World of Jollof Rice". Food & Wine. Retrieved 18 September 2023.
  25. ↑ "West Africa steams over jollof rice war". BBC News. 25 August 2017. Retrieved 18 September 2023.
  26. ↑ "Know the Differences Between Nigerian and Ghanaian Jollof Rice". Demand Africa. 4 July 2018. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
  27. ↑ Adam, Hakeem (20 January 2017). "A Brief History of Jollof Rice, a West African Favourite". Culture Trip. Retrieved 16 January 2020.
  28. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Egbejule, Eromo (22 August 2016). "World Jollof Day: Jamie Oliver's #ricegate and other scandals". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 18 September 2023.
  29. 1 2 AfricaNews (6 February 2023). "UNESCO settles jollof war between Ghana, Senegal and Nigeria". Africanews. Retrieved 12 August 2024.
  30. 1 2 "Ghana: Jollof Rice". The African Food Map. Retrieved 15 November 2016.
  31. ↑ Sekibo, Kojo (14 January 2020). "Traditional Ghanaian Jollof Rice Recipe". Yen.com.gh. Retrieved 16 January 2020.
  32. ↑ "Ghana Jollof Recipe: Steps To Preparing Jollof Rice The Ghanaian Way". BuzzGhana. 5 September 2017. Retrieved 18 May 2021.
  33. ↑ Sekibo, Kojo (14 January 2020). "Traditional Ghanaian Jollof Rice Recipe". Yen.com.gh. Retrieved 16 January 2020.
  34. ↑ Horton E. Fresh summer tomatoes take classic Southern red rice to the next level. The Washington Post. 2018 Aug 16.
  35. ↑ Reddy, K.R.N., Abbas, H.K., Abel, C.A., Shier, W.T., Oliveira, C.A.F.D. and Raghavender, C.R., 2009. Mycotoxin contamination of commercially important agricultural commodities. Toxin reviews, 28(2-3), pp.154-168.
  36. ↑ Kaur, A., Virdi, A.S., Singh, N., Singh, A. and Kaler, R.S.S., 2021. Effect of degree of milling and defatting on proximate composition, functional and texture characteristics of gluten-free muffin of bran of long-grain indica rice cultivars. Food Chemistry, 345, p.128861.
  37. ↑ "List of Most Popular Rice Brands and Prices in Nigeria. | School Drillers". 9 December 2021.
  38. ↑ "Foodies inspire Xmas sparkle with Tolly Boy Rice". 15 December 2016.
  39. ↑ https://www.jumia.com.ng/tropical-sun-golden-sella-pure-basmati-rice-5kg-376088348.html
  40. ↑ Aneke, F.O., 2019. SENSORY EVALUATION OF JOLLOF RICE USING DIFFERENT TYPES OF RICE.
  41. ↑ Abbas, A.M., Agada, I.G. and Kolade, O., 2018. Impacts of rice importation on Nigeria's economy. Journal of Scientific Agriculture, 2(1), pp.71-75.
  42. ↑ Ubani, U.G.I., Williams, C.S. and Chung, R.A., 1980. Essential amino acid content of some selected Nigerian meals. Journal of Food Science, 45(5), pp.1363-1366.
  43. ↑ Oguntola, Tunde (29 January 2023). "Jollof Wars: UNESCO Settles Debate Between Nigeria, Ghana, Senegal". Leadership.
  44. ↑ Adegoke, Yinka (9 July 2023). "How to end the jollof wars". Semafor.
  45. ↑ Albala, K. (2011). Food Cultures of the World Encyclopedia [4 volumes]: [Four Volumes]. ABC-CLIO. p. 28. ISBN 978-0-313-37627-6.
  46. ↑ Auzias, D.; Labourdette, J.P. (2013). Burkina-Faso 2014-2015 Petit Futé (avec cartes, photos + avis des lecteurs). Country Guides (in French). Petit Futé. p. 95. ISBN 978-2-7469-6947-6.
  47. ↑ Trillo, R. (2008). The Rough Guide to West Africa. Rough Guides. p. pt817. ISBN 978-1-4053-8070-6.
  48. ↑ Musil, Steven (3 November 2022). "Google Doodle Celebrates West Africa's Jollof Rice". CNET. Retrieved 4 November 2022.
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