Iankim keŋ kʋ'ʋlʋmin la

Jollof rice

Di yinɛ Wikipiidia
Jollof rice
been cin
Subclass ofmui Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Named afterWolof people Dɛmisim gbɛlima
ContinentAfrica Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Locationceremony Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Country of originSenegal, Nigeria, Ghana Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Fabrication methodcooking Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Hashtagjollof rice Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Used byeating Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Coursemain course Dɛmisim gbɛlima

Jollof (/dʒəˈlɒf/), bɛɛ jollof rice, anɛ diib kanɛ ka ba nɔk mui maal ka li yit West Africa. Ban mɔr si’elnami maan diib la anɛ mui bi’elim, tomantoos, nanzʋ’ʋs, gabʋ, bʋnyʋbisa, ka saŋsi’eba ka ba paasid bʋnbʋtta vaand nɛ li zin’ig si’eba nɛ ni’im, ka li wʋsa la’asidi dʋgʋd nɛ dʋg yinnɛ ni, amaa la’ad banɛ ka ba mɔri dʋgʋdi li nɛ bɛ kɔn’ɔb kɔn’ɔb tɛŋ wʋsa ni. Diib nwa’ pin’il nɛ Senegal.[1]

Ban dʋgʋsi li kɔn’ɔb kɔn’ɔb la kɛ ka ba nya’ad banɛ dʋdʋdi li sʋ’ʋm gaadi ba taaba yela tɛɛns banɛ bɛ West Africa ni, li kaskas anɛ Nigeria nɛ Ghana, kati wa’ae banɛ bʋnni an sʋ’ʋm gaadi ba taaba; yʋʋm tusayi nɛ piiga saŋa la, nwa’ da kɛ ka ba pʋdi li di’ema yʋ’ʋr ye "Jollof zaba".

Tɛŋ banɛ ka ba pia’ad French ka ba bɛ West Africa ni, ba buon diib la yʋ’ʋr nɛ ye riz au gras. Senegal dim din la, thieboudienne, anɛ bʋnlinɛ ka lʋgir kanɛ buon UNESCO si’ak ye li paas ninsaalib diib pʋʋgin.

Pin’ilʋg nɛ lin yi si’el na

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Sʋ’ʋlʋm kanɛ ka ba da buon Jolof bɛɛ Wolof Empire da anɛ tɛŋ kanɛ da sʋ’ʋg West Africa zin’ig si’eba wan wʋʋ zin’is banɛ ka ti buon zina ye Senegal, Mali, Gambia nɛ Mauritania hali 12th century saŋa sa[2][3][4] ka ba da pʋdi li yʋ’ʋr nya’aŋ ye Jolof na’am sʋ’ʋlʋm. Ninkanɛ gɔsid African kʋdʋmin diib yela ka o yʋ’ʋr buon Fran Osseo-Asare, pa’al ye jollof rice pin’ilig da bɛ nɛ zin’ig kanɛ ka mui da bɛ;[5] ka ban da pin’ili buoni li si’em an thieboudienne bɛɛ thiebou djeun,[6] ka ban mɔr si’elnami maan an mui, zimi, nɛ vaand bɛɛ bʋnbʋta lʋ’as si’eba.[7] Ba ya’a nɔk ni’im m maal, ba buoni li ye ceebu yapp.[5] Tɛŋ banɛ ka ba gban’ad zimi ka ba bɛ Saint-Louis anɛ zin’is banɛ ka ba gɔs ka yel ye li da yinɛ anina na.[8][9][10]

Ninkanɛ gɔsid diib, kuob nɛ gʋ’ʋl yela ka ba buon o James C. McCann pa’al ye diib la da na pin’il nɛ yi Senegal paae lin bɛ zin’ig si’eba zina nwa la, bɔzugɔ ba pʋ nyɛ ka buudi pian’ad, kʋdʋmin tʋʋma wala buudi ka li da di’e tɛŋa. Amaa o pa’al ye diib la yadigi di’e tɛŋ wʋsa la yinɛ Mali empire, li kaskas anɛ Djula buudi banɛ da an kpikpinib la banɛ da zamisi li mɔri li kɛŋ tɛɛns kɔn’ɔb kɔn’ɔb da’a diib, ba da lɛn mɔr kʋnt kʋndʋb, da’a diib nɛ mui kuob paae tɛɛns bɛdigʋ, nɛ mɔɔm pʋ’ʋsʋg.[7]

Marc Dufumier, Ninkanɛ yit an Emeritus ka zamis bʋnbʋtta yela, yis pian’ak na pa’al diib la yi si’el na, o ye diib la dɔlis nɛ ban da kuod sʋnma Senegal tisid French dim ka ba maan kpaam, ka ki nɛ sɔɔgum nam kuobi da si’e la ka ba mɔr mui yi Southeast Asia kpɛn’ɛ na. Nwa’ da kɛ ka tɛnkpɛmisin banɛ dʋgʋd diib da zamisi li dʋgʋb.[11]

Tamantoos kanɛ yʋ’ʋn bɛ, tomato gan’alig, nanzʋ’ʋs, Indian dim nanzʋ’ʋs nɛ Asia dim mui kɔn’ɔb kɔn’ɔb banɛ bɛ zina, kɛ ka ba gɔs ka yel ye diib la kɛna pʋ gaad 19th century, amaa ba pʋ mɔr kasɛta kanɛ ka ba na nyaŋi pa’al ye ba da kuod bʋnbʋta kaŋa mɔri dʋgʋdi li bɛɛ ba da mɔr laʋk kaŋa yit katɛŋi mɔri kɛn na dʋgʋdi li.[12][13] Senegal tɛŋin, ba mɔr sɔlima pʋʋgin ka ba na’asid Penda Mbaye, o da anɛ onɛ dʋgʋd diib tisid na’asaanam banɛ da sʋ’ʋg tɛŋ la bɛ Saint-Louis, Senegal, ba yɛt ye onɛ da pin’il dikaŋa yit nɛ ki da kae ka o nɔk mui dʋg la.[13][11][14]

Tɛɛns kɔn’ɔb nɛ ba diib

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Jollof rice anɛ dikanɛ ka li yʋ’ʋr yi hali bɛ West Africa. Ba mɔr la’ad kɔn’ɔb kɔn’ɔbi dʋgʋdi li ka li yʋda mɛ lɛn ka’a yinnɛ;[15] Mali tɛŋin ka buon ye zaamè bɛ Bamanankan buudi pian’ad ni. Ban nyɛ yʋ’ʋr la ye jollof ka sɔ’ wʋsa mi’ la yinɛ Nidib banɛ bɛ Wolof,[16] ka Senegal, Mauritania nɛ Gambia ka ba buoni li nɛ Wolof pian’ad ni ye ceebu jën bɛɛ benachin. Zin’is banɛ ka ba pian’ad Fariŋ pian’ad, ba buoni li ye riz au gras. Baa lin bɛ kɔn’ɔb kɔn’ɔb la, diib la yʋ’ʋr yi ya hali bɛ tɛɛns bɛdigʋ Africa sʋ’ʋlʋm nɛ li sʋ’ʋlʋm nya’aŋ.[5][17][18][19][20] Li bɛ dunia zin’ig wʋsa, zin’is banɛ ka nidib naan West Africa paae anina wʋsa.[17]

La’ad nɛ maalʋg

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Jollof rice anɛ linɛ ka ba mɔr mui, kpaam, tamantoos, gabʋ, yaarim, nanzʋ’ʋs, nɛ la’abanɛ ka ba la’as si’eba maal wan wʋʋ tamantoos gan’alig, nanzʋ’ʋs, garlic, kakaduro: la’ad banɛ ka ba mɔri dʋgʋd la bɛ kɔn’ɔb kɔn’ɔb tɛŋ wʋsa nɛ ban dʋgʋd si’em. Nua, kolokolo, naaf ni’im, kɔnbʋg ni’im bɛɛ zimi ka ba mɔri dʋgʋd ka paasidi diti li.[21][22][7] Tɛŋ si’eba ni, zɛnvaand nɛ bʋnbʋtta lʋas si’eba wan wʋʋ vaand bɛɛ nyɛ’ɛlim mɛ paas.[23]

Si’eba mɔri na’asaa mui wa’ama dʋgʋd, ka si’eba mɛ mɔr mui ginma ka si’eba mɛ mɔr mui kanɛ ka ba waae dʋgʋd.[24][23] Ba ɛɛti mɔr tamantoos ma’asa, tamantoos gan’alig, gabʋ, yaarim nɛ nanzʋ’ʋs ka ba kiimid nɛ kpaam ka nyaan paasid mui la dʋgʋd.[6][24]

Jollof zaba

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Tɛɛns banɛ bɛ West Africa dʋgʋd diib la buudi yinnɛ, ka Ghana, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Liberia nɛ Cameroon nya’ad banɛ dʋgʋ li gaadi ba taaba yela.[7] Yʋʋm tusayi nɛ piiga nam saŋa la ka "Jollof zaba" nwa da pin’il.[25]

Zabir nwa’ kpɛlim bɛ Nigeria nɛ Ghana, ka li kɛ ka ba maal nya’ab si’eba, wan wʋʋ diib dʋgʋb nya’ab nɛ na’asaasɔɔng ni nɛ malima pʋʋgin.[26][27] Yʋʋm tusayi nɛ piinɛ yuobʋ ni, Sister Deborah da yis yʋda yis yʋʋma paalig ka pʋdi li yʋ’ʋr ye "Ghana Jollof", ka li da pa’al ye Nigerian dim din la bɛ nya’aŋ.[28] Li pʋ yʋʋgɛ, zaba da duoe ban da pʋʋd jollof ka di pʋ si’alɛ bɛ bɛ Ghana na’adɔɔg nya’ad di’ema zin’ig ka Nigeria nidib da mɔri la’ad Ghana dim.[28]

Si’eba dʋgʋd jollof ka li anɛ ba mɔri ba tɛŋin la’adi maan ka li kɛ ka li bɛɛ li kɔn’.[28][7] Yʋʋm tusayi nɛ piinɛ naasi ni, onɛ ka ba buon ye Jamie Oliver da pa’al fʋn na dɔlis suor sia dʋg ka paas tamantoos, nɛ la’asieba ka li kɛ ka ba yʋ’ʋn buon Jollof yʋ’ʋr na’asaasɔɔng pʋʋgin, ka li kɛ ka Oliver nidib yis labaar na.[28][7]

Tɛɛnsin kɔ’ɔb kɔn’ɔb

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Cameroon

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Cameroon dim din la, ba buoni li saŋsi’eba nɛ ye fried rice, ka linɛ ka ba nɔki paasi li pʋʋgin an nanzʋ’ʋg wiig, carrots, bɛŋa nɛ zimi kanɛ ka ba ɔnl.[7][29]

The Gambia

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Wilisima banɛ ka ba ɔnl ka banɛ dʋgʋd diib la mɔri dʋgʋdi li bɛ Gambia.[7]

Ghana

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Ghana jollof rice anɛ linɛ ka ba nɔk kpaam, gabʋ, kakaduro, garlic, nanzʋ’ʋs, tamantoos, naaf ni’im bɛɛ bʋʋg ni’im bɛɛ nua ni’im, mui kanɛ ka ba nɛɛm, ka ba nɔki la’asi dʋgi li.[30] Banɛ dʋgʋd Ghana jollof tita’am pʋ paasid vaandɛ.[28]

Ban pin’ini dʋgʋd Ghana jollof si’em anɛ ba ɛɛti maal nɛ naaf ni’im bɛɛ nua ni’im la yiiga dʋgʋ li waae nɛ kakaduro, gabʋ, nɛ garlic, ba na kiimi li nɛ lin ti si’al.[30] ka ba yʋ’ʋn la’as la’abanɛ kpɛlim la kiim kpaamin, ba ɛɛnti pin’il nɛ gabʋ, nanzʋ’ʋs, tamantoos gan’alig, tamantoos ma’asa, nɛ bʋnyʋbisa, ban dɔlisid suosia gɛndigid la’ad la anɛ wala. Ba ya’a la’as la’ad la kiim naae, ba na paas mui dʋg nɛ lin ti bi’ig. Ban dit Ghana jollof la nɛ si’el anɛ bɔɔdiɛ nɛ naaf ni’im, nua ni’im, zi’iŋ ki’ima, bɛɛ ban gɛndig zɛnvaand.[28][31][32]

Ba dit Jollof bɛ Ghana nɛ shito ka paasid salad bɛ tigir nɛ di’ema nam ni.[33]

Liberia

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Ba dit Liberia dim jollof nɛ ni’im kanɛ yi kɔlʋgin na.[28]

Nigeria

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Ba mɔr buudi kɔn’ɔb kɔn’ɔb bɛɛ anina, ban mɔr si’el nami dʋgʋd Nigerian jollof mui ka ba dʋgʋd la anɛ mui kanɛ wa’am, tamantoos ma’asa nɛ tomato gan’alig, gabʋ, nanzʋ’ʋs (nanzʋ’ʋs baanlig[34] nɛ bʋʋ nanzʋ’ʋs), kpaam, ni’im ka paas la’asi’eba nam wan wʋʋ vaand, nanzʋ’ʋs pi’elig bi’ela, nɛ maagi.[6] mui kanɛ ka ba nɔk lɔri bʋ’ ka ba an wa’ama (ka ba ye li dʋgʋb an na’ana’a bɛ U.K[35].) bɛɛ Golden Sella basmati mui (la wan linɛ ka ba waae[36] ka an na’ana’a bɛ U.K., ka li yʋ’ʋr yit hali yʋʋm tusayi nɛ ayuobʋ saŋa sa) anɛ mui kanɛ ka Nigerian dim taa dʋgid, lin pʋ kilimid mɔtmɔt tɔ’ɔtɔ’ɔ la yela.[24]

Mui kanɛ ka ba mɔri dʋgʋd Nigeria tɛŋin maan jollof rice tita’am anɛ mui kanɛ ka ba waae yiiga ka nyaan nɛɛm. Fʋn na gban’ae gban’ar ye fʋ gaŋ mui buudi sia dʋg, banɛ an muma wa’ama la anɛ ba dʋgʋbʋ na pʋ tɔe ya bɛɛ ban an wa’ama la yela (buudi si’eba anɛ, Tolly Boy, Mama Gold, Dangote Rice, Veetee, Village Pride, Tropical Sun, Mama Pride, Mama Africa, Cap Rice, Uncle Ben’s, Royal Stallion, Carolina Gold) bɛɛ Golden Sella basmati-mui kanɛ ka ba ɛɛti waae mɛn (ka mɛ su bɔtɔ ni li kɔn’ɔ wʋʋ Asli, Tilda)[37][38][39] linɛ na kɛ ka fʋ gaŋ mui bama nwa anɛ ban na bɛ, li dʋgʋbʋ na pʋ tɔe ya nɛ ninsaal la mɛŋ bɔɔdim. Linɛ pak anɛ ye ba waae li (li gbin pa’al ye ba dʋgʋ li bi’ela nɛ pa’ad la ka nyaan nɛɛm). Sella basmati mui, anɛ buudi kanɛ ka nidib gɔs ka li vɛnli tisi ba.[40]

La’ad banɛ paasidi dʋgʋd la bɛnɛ dʋg yinnɛ ni, lin nɛ ni’im bɛɛ ka pʋn dɛŋim kiim tamantoos nɛ nanzʋ’ʋsi la’as taaba gbinin. Li nya’aŋ ka ba paas mui ka yʋ’ʋn basi li ka li dʋgʋ bi’ig.[6]

Ba dit diib nwa nɛ disi’eba (wʋʋ naaf ni’im, kolokolo ni’im, nua ni’im zimi; ka si’eba banɛ ka ba pʋ taa paasid mɛ an pɛog, kurkur ni’im, nɛ banɛ kpɛlim) ba mɛ diti li nɛ bɔɔdiɛ ki’ima, moi-moi (bɛŋa diib), vaand, salad, etc.

Ba dʋgʋd diib bɛdigʋ ka li wan Nigerian jollof rice, ka si’ebas an coconut-jollof rice.[41][42] Coconut-jollof rice anɛ diib kanɛ ka banɛ dit tita’am an Igbo buudi banɛ bɛ Nigerians.

Senegal

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

UNESCO si’ak ye Senegal jollof la, ka ba buon ye thieboudienne, ye li paas buudi malima pʋʋgin.[43][29] Thieboudienne anɛ linɛ ka ba mɔr mui banɛ kʋ’ʋsi maan.[44] Wilisima ka si’eba mɔri paasidi maan.[7]

Sierra Leone

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Nidib banɛ bɛ Sierra Leone tɛŋin mi’ diib la yela, ban pʋ mɔr abɛkpaam maana, ka lɛɛ mɔr tamantoos gan’alig.[24][5]

Riz au gras

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Banɛ buoni li ala anɛ West Africa tɛɛns banɛ pian’ad Fariŋ buudi pian’ad, ka si’eba an Beninese, Burkinabé, Guinean, Ivorian, Nigerien, nɛ Togolese diib dʋgʋdib ni, ba mɛ mɔri li buudi yinnɛ ka ba buon ye riz gras bɛɛ riz au gras, linɛ gbini an "mui kanɛ mɔr kpaam", lin anɛ mui ginma banɛ ka ba mɔri dʋgʋd la la. Linɛ paas ya’as, Guinea-Bissauan diib pʋʋgin, tɛɛns banɛ mɛ pian’ad Portuguese mɛ mɔr.[24] Riz gras dʋgʋb nib a paasid yaadua, carrots, nɛ vaand. [45][46][47]

Malima pʋʋgin nɛ dunia yela

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Jollof anɛ dikanɛ paas malima pʋʋgin hali bɛ West Africa ka ba mɔr yelisim tisi li ye, "Tigir ya’a bɛ ka jollof kae li kʋdim anɛ la’as zaalig".[24] Nigeria tɛŋin ba pian’akpɛŋ, "Gɔsim jollof" gbin anɛ ye "gɔsim malisim kanɛ ka li mɔr na" nwa dɔlis nɛ ninkanɛ an Nigeria nid ka an onɛ gɔsidi ba kʋdʋmin diib yela ka o yʋ’ʋr an Ozoz Sokoh.[24]

Yʋʋm tusayi nɛ piiga nam saŋa la, banɛ bɛ West African mɔr nɔŋilim hali tisi dunia zin’is si’eba diib. Di’ema kanɛ ka ba buon Jollof malima la ka di’emidi bɛ Washington, DC, nɛ Toronto. Ba pin’il "Dunia Jollof Dabisir" di’ema hali yʋʋm tusayi nɛ piinɛ anu, Mɔtul nwadig, dabpisi nɛ ayi daar sa, ka li nyɛ yʋ’ʋr hali bɛ na’asaasɔɔng di’ema zin’isin ni ka dunia wʋsa wʋm jollof rice yela.[7][24] Yʋʋm tusayi nɛ pisi nɛ ayi, Sapal nwadig, daba atan’ daar, na’asaasɔɔng zin’ig kanɛ ka ba buon Google da tis diib nwa zuonr.[48]

Diib banɛ wan

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Zin’ig si’eba mɔr diib la nɛ o wannim:

·        Di’ema ni jollof bɛɛ di’ema mui anɛ diib kanɛ ka ba dʋgʋd nɛ daad bugum pi’elim, ka li kɛt ka li mɔr nyɔ’ɔs malisim nyʋʋg ka dʋg la gbinin tɔ’ɔn kanp, ban la’asid la’asi’eba maan anɛ tamantoos ma’asa nɛ nanzʋ’ʋs, tamantoos gan’alig, gabʋ, kpaam, bʋnyʋbisasi’ebas, ni’im ku'om, etc.[24][23]

·        Ba ya’a dʋgʋd tɛŋkpɛŋ mui, ba mɔri abɛkpaam nɛ zimi kanɛ ka ba ɔnl ka li kʋdʋk ka zʋn’ʋni paas (ka ba mɛ buon ye kpalʋg bɛɛ dawa-dawa), uziza biili nɛ vaand banɛ ka ba nyʋʋg malis,[24] (ka ba buoni ba ye nchuanwu, arimu nɛ ahuji bɛ Igbo buudi pian’ad ni; ntong bɛ Efik-Ibibio buudi ni; efirin bɛ Yoruba pian’ad ni, añyeba bɛ Igala buudi ni, aramogbo bɛ Edo; etc.), ka saŋsi’eba ka ba nɔkid bʋnyʋbisa zuasidi li. Kusa mui anɛ mui kanɛ ka li ligidi pʋ paae buud bama la ka ba taa mɔr abɛkpaam (bɛɛ sʋnma kpaam) dʋgʋdʋ li.

Gbanvɛɛnsa

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]
  1. ↑ "UNESCO - Ceebu Jën, a culinary art of Senegal". ich.unesco.org. Retrieved 31 March 2024.
  2. ↑ Boulègue, Jean (1987). Le Grand Jolof, XIIIe-XVIe siècle (in French). Blois: Façades. ISBN 9782907233002.
  3. ↑ Gamble, David P.; Salmon, Linda K.; Njie, Alhaji Hassan (1985). Peoples of the Gambia: The Wolof. I. San Francisco State University, Department of Anthropology. p. 3.
  4. ↑ Sallah, Tijan M. (15 December 1995). Wolof: (Senegal). The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc. ISBN 978-0-8239-1987-1.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 McCann, James C. (2009). A west African culinary grammar". Stirring the Pot: A History of African Cuisine. Ohio University Press. pp. 29, 133–135. ISBN 978-0896802728.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Komolafe, Yewande (24 June 2019). "Yewande Komolafe's 10 Essential Nigerian Recipes". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 18 September 2023.
  7. ↑ 7.00 7.01 7.02 7.03 7.04 7.05 7.06 7.07 7.08 7.09 Sloley, Patti (7 June 2021). "Jollof Wars: Who does West Africa's iconic rice dish best?". BBC Travel. Retrieved 16 July 2021.
  8. ↑ Komolafe, Yewande (18 September 2023). "The Queen of West African Recipes Has Entered the Chat". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 12 August 2024.
  9. ↑ Niang, Fatima Fall (24 January 2023). "Who invented jollof rice? Senegal beats Ghana and Nigeria to the title". The Conversation. Retrieved 12 August 2024.
  10. ↑ "Ceebu Jën, a culinary art of Senegal". UNESCO. Retrieved 12 August 2024.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Dufumier, Marc (30 March 2018). "Recette : le thiéboudiène de Marc Dufumier". Le Monde. Retrieved 27 October 2018.
  12. ↑ Alpern, Stanley B. (1992). "The European Introduction of Crops into West Africa in Precolonial Times". History in Africa. 19: 13–43. doi:10.2307/3171994. ISSN 0361-5413. JSTOR 3171994. S2CID 163106670.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Kokayi, Saqera (18 March 2021). "The History of Jollof Rice". Best of Vegan. Retrieved 15 May 2023.
  14. ↑ Afana, Clementine (31 March 2020). "Senegalese Thieboudienne Is a Dish That Feeds, Satisfies, and Unites". Matador Network. Retrieved 18 September 2023.
  15. ↑ Ayto, John (2012). "Jollof rice". The Diner's Dictionary: Word Origins of Food and Drink (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 188. ISBN 978-0199640249.
  16. ↑ Osseo-Asare, Fran (1 January 2005). Food Culture in Sub-Saharan Africa. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 33, 162. ISBN 978-0-313-32488-8.
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Davidson, Alan (11 August 2014). "Jollof rice". The Oxford Companion to Food. Oxford University Press. p. 434. ISBN 978-0-19-967733-7.
  18. ↑ Brasseaux, Ryan A.; Brasseaux, Carl A. (1 February 2014). "Jambalaya". In Edge, John T. (ed.). The New Encyclopedia of Southern Culture: Volume 7: Foodways. University of North Carolina Press. p. 188. ISBN 978-1-4696-1652-0.
  19. ↑ Anderson, E. N. (7 February 2014). Everyone Eats: Understanding Food and Culture, Second Edition. NYU Press. p. 106. ISBN 978-0-8147-8916-2.
  20. ↑ "Ghana Jollof Recipe: Steps To Preparing Jollof Rice The Ghanaian Way". BuzzGhana. 5 September 2017. Retrieved 16 January 2020.
  21. ↑ "Classic Nigerian Jollof Rice Recipe on Food52". Food52. Retrieved 27 February 2021.
  22. ↑ "Ghana Jollof Recipe: Steps To Preparing Jollof Rice The Ghanaian Way". BuzzGhana. 5 September 2017. Retrieved 16 January 2020.
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 Sokoh, Ozoh (22 September 2022). "Nigerian Jollof Rice Recipe". Serious Eats. Retrieved 18 September 2023.
  24. ↑ 24.00 24.01 24.02 24.03 24.04 24.05 24.06 24.07 24.08 24.09 Sokoh, Ozoz (10 May 2021). "The Wide World of Jollof Rice". Food & Wine. Retrieved 18 September 2023.
  25. ↑ "West Africa steams over jollof rice war". BBC News. 25 August 2017. Retrieved 18 September 2023.
  26. ↑ "Know the Differences Between Nigerian and Ghanaian Jollof Rice". Demand Africa. 4 July 2018. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
  27. ↑ Adam, Hakeem (20 January 2017). "A Brief History of Jollof Rice, a West African Favourite". Culture Trip. Retrieved 16 January 2020.
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 28.2 28.3 28.4 28.5 28.6 Egbejule, Eromo (22 August 2016). "World Jollof Day: Jamie Oliver's #ricegate and other scandals". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 18 September 2023.
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 AfricaNews (6 February 2023). "UNESCO settles jollof war between Ghana, Senegal and Nigeria". Africanews. Retrieved 12 August 2024.
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 "Ghana: Jollof Rice". The African Food Map. Retrieved 15 November 2016.
  31. ↑ Sekibo, Kojo (14 January 2020). "Traditional Ghanaian Jollof Rice Recipe". Yen.com.gh. Retrieved 16 January 2020.
  32. ↑ "Ghana Jollof Recipe: Steps To Preparing Jollof Rice The Ghanaian Way". BuzzGhana. 5 September 2017. Retrieved 18 May 2021.
  33. ↑ Sekibo, Kojo (14 January 2020). "Traditional Ghanaian Jollof Rice Recipe". Yen.com.gh. Retrieved 16 January 2020.
  34. ↑ Horton E. Fresh summer tomatoes take classic Southern red rice to the next level. The Washington Post. 2018 Aug 16.
  35. ↑ Reddy, K.R.N., Abbas, H.K., Abel, C.A., Shier, W.T., Oliveira, C.A.F.D. and Raghavender, C.R., 2009. Mycotoxin contamination of commercially important agricultural commodities. Toxin reviews, 28(2-3), pp.154-168.
  36. ↑ Kaur, A., Virdi, A.S., Singh, N., Singh, A. and Kaler, R.S.S., 2021. Effect of degree of milling and defatting on proximate composition, functional and texture characteristics of gluten-free muffin of bran of long-grain indica rice cultivars. Food Chemistry, 345, p.128861.
  37. ↑ "List of Most Popular Rice Brands and Prices in Nigeria. | School Drillers". 9 December 2021.
  38. ↑ "Foodies inspire Xmas sparkle with Tolly Boy Rice". 15 December 2016.
  39. ↑ https://www.jumia.com.ng/tropical-sun-golden-sella-pure-basmati-rice-5kg-376088348.html
  40. ↑ Aneke, F.O., 2019. SENSORY EVALUATION OF JOLLOF RICE USING DIFFERENT TYPES OF RICE.
  41. ↑ Abbas, A.M., Agada, I.G. and Kolade, O., 2018. Impacts of rice importation on Nigeria’s economy. Journal of Scientific Agriculture, 2(1), pp.71-75.
  42. ↑ Ubani, U.G.I., Williams, C.S. and Chung, R.A., 1980. Essential amino acid content of some selected Nigerian meals. Journal of Food Science, 45(5), pp.1363-1366.
  43. ↑ Oguntola, Tunde (29 January 2023). "Jollof Wars: UNESCO Settles Debate Between Nigeria, Ghana, Senegal". Leadership.
  44. ↑ Adegoke, Yinka (9 July 2023). "How to end the jollof wars". Semafor.
  45. ↑ Albala, K. (2011). Food Cultures of the World Encyclopedia [4 volumes]: [Four Volumes]. ABC-CLIO. p. 28. ISBN 978-0-313-37627-6.
  46. ↑ Auzias, D.; Labourdette, J.P. (2013). Burkina-Faso 2014-2015 Petit Futé (avec cartes, photos + avis des lecteurs). Country Guides (in French). Petit Futé. p. 95. ISBN 978-2-7469-6947-6.
  47. ↑ Trillo, R. (2008). The Rough Guide to West Africa. Rough Guides. p. pt817. ISBN 978-1-4053-8070-6.
  48. ↑ Musil, Steven (3 November 2022). "Google Doodle Celebrates West Africa's Jollof Rice". CNET. Retrieved 4 November 2022.
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