Sikir
| Subclass of | carbohydrate  |
|---|---|
| Named after | -ose |
| Has characteristic | hygroscopy |
Sikir[1] an yu'ukanɛ ka ti mɔri buon diib kanɛ malis. Bɛdigʋ mi'i li ye sucrose, lactose, bɛɛ fructose. Sikir bɛ diib si'eba ni, bɛɛ li ye ti nɔkir pa'as diib zug ka li malis.
Sikir sʋŋ bɛɛ sucrose, li yi nɛ kiŋka'ansiin ni bɛɛ sikir beet. Brazil an teŋkanɛ maan sikir gat ka India's an teŋkanɛ dit sikir gat teŋ wʋsa.[2] Fructose anɛ sikir kanɛ bɛ tiig wala niis.
Sucrose nɛ fructose anɛ banɛ ka ba maal ka di an sikir bibis. Glucose an dinɛ an bʋnbil paa bɛ sikir baanlʋg la ni. Ninsaal niŋgbin tiakid sikir kanɛ bɛ ani la ka li an sikir baanlʋg.
Sikir paas nɛ carbohydrate buudi ni bɔzugɔ linɛ laꞌasi kilimi li anɛ carbon, hydrogen nɛ oxygen.[3] Sikir tɔnꞌɔn an simple carbohydrates bɛɛ complex carbohydrates. Simple carbohydrates yinɛ bʋnmalisiŋ yinnɛ bɛɛ biꞌela maꞌa ni. Complex carbohydrates yinɛ bʋnmalisima laꞌas bɛdigʋ maal.
Sikir siꞌim anɛ kɔnꞌɔbkɔnꞌɔb. Fʋ yaꞌa gɔs brown sugar ba mɔr ku'om sabiligi li pʋʋgin, ka ba mɔri tʋm laꞌad sɛnꞌɛb zinꞌigin.
Fʋ yaꞌa gbiꞌe sikir 100 g, paŋ kanɛ ka li tisid anɛ 387 calories.[4]
Maalig
[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]Kikanꞌasiind
[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]| Sugarcane kuob – 2020 | |
| Tɛngbaŋ | Millions of tonnes |
| Brazil | 757.1 |
| India | 370.5 |
| China | 108.1 |
| Thailand | 75.0 |
| Dunia | 1,870 |
| yiyaani: FAOSTAT, United Nations[5] | |
Dunia wʋsa da kua kikanꞌasiid yʋʋm tusayi nɛ pisi ni (2020) ka li zɛm siꞌem da anɛ 1.9 billion tonnes, ka Brazil kua pisnaai, kɔbiga pʋʋgin (40%) dunia wʋsa kuob pʋʋgin ka India mɛ kua pisi, kɔbiga pʋʋgin (20%) dunia wʋsa maalig la pʋʋgin.
Kikanꞌasiind mɔr buudi kɔnꞌɔbkɔnꞌɔb ka tɔꞌɔn an buudban yinnɛ, bɛɛ buudi babig laꞌasi maal, ka ba paas nɛ mɔɔg bɛda waꞌama buudi ni, bɛɛ Saccharum paas nɛ Poaceae buudi ni. Ba kuodi ba bɛnɛ tʋʋlig zinꞌisi bɛ Indian nɛ Southeast Asia yʋʋm kɔbis siꞌem yela banɛ gaad la linɛ buon sucrose ka mɔr malisim bɛɛ li bʋʋlim la pʋʋg la yela.[6]
Kikanꞌasiind kuob bɔɔd nɛ zinꞌig kanɛ mɔr tʋʋlig ka ku'om bʋ zuoe ka saa niidi zɛnmisid lin nar ye li ni siꞌem ba nɔbigir saŋa lin na niŋ siꞌem ka ba nyaŋi nɔbig. Ba mɔr masin nami bʋnni li bɛɛ nuꞌug, ka waae fiꞌisi li mɔri kɛŋ zinꞌig kanɛ ka ba maan sikir la nɛɛmid. Ba yisid ku'om la daag la pʋʋgin.[7] Ba paasid linɛ buon lime li ku'om la pʋʋgin ka dʋgʋ li lin na niŋ siꞌem ka bʋnvʋya wʋsa kpi. Ku'om sia na yina ka kilim walim gaad, ka ku'om kanɛ kpɛlim la ka ba siligi yis. Ba paasid sikir gbila li pʋʋgin, lin na niŋ siꞌem ka li gbilim ka kʋdʋg tɔꞌɔtɔꞌ.[7] Ku'om sabilig la bɛ pʋʋgin la,[7] saꞌad banɛ yiti li daag la ni, ba nyʋod di li ka li tisid paŋ kanɛ ka ba na nyaŋi yis sikir la yʋꞌʋs. Sikir gbila la ba paasid sulfur dioxide, bɛɛ ba dʋgʋ li yis bʋnsiꞌeba li pʋʋgin ka li liꞌeb piꞌelig.[7] Ku'om 2,500 litres (660 US galam) nar ye ba paas kilogram yinnɛ wʋsa pʋʋgin (2.2 pounds) sikir kanɛ ka ba maan la ni.[8]
Sugar beet
[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]| Sugar beet kuob – 2020 | |
| Tɛŋ | Millions of tonnes |
| Russia | 33.9 |
| United States | 30.5 |
| Germany | 28.6 |
| France | 26.2 |
| World | 253 |
| yiyana: FAOSTAT, United Nations[9] | |
Yʋʋm tusayi nɛ pisi ni (2020), dunia wʋsa da kuo sugar beets ka li maal siꞌem anɛ 253 million tonnes, ka Russia da gaad tuoni kua linɛ ka ba laꞌas dunia wʋsa piinɛ atanꞌ kɔbiga pʋʋgin (13%).
Ba bun Sugar beet nɛ waad win,[10] ka ba fiꞌigi li zug la bas pɔɔgin la. Ka ba nɔk masin siꞌa vʋꞌoe li niŋ lɔr pʋʋgin, ka ba yʋꞌʋn mɔri li kɛŋ zinꞌig kanɛ ka ba maan sikir la.[11] Linɛ maan sikir la na nwaasi ba biꞌelbiꞌel ka ba buon naꞌasaalin ye cossettes. Ba nɔkidi li niŋid kuom tuʋlig ni ka li paae wan wʋʋ hour saŋa bɛn.[12][13] Ba mɔr tank titaꞌar anina ka ba kɛt ka daad la ka ba nwaas la bilim baanlim li pʋʋgin ka kuom tʋʋlig la mɛ tʋꞌʋsidi tʋligiri ba ban bilim la. Nwaꞌ anɛ ba kɛt nɛ ka paŋ tʋꞌʋsid taaba ka ku'om la yaꞌa ti yi ka li kilim sikir kanɛ malis hali.
Pinꞌilig
[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]Yʋma 8,000 BC, Nidib banɛ da bɛ New Guinea nɛ Polynesia da mɔr kikanꞌasiind anina ka li da yi kɛŋ paae Asia tɛŋin. Nimbanɛ da baŋi li yela la da bɔɔdi li, kikanꞌasiind nɛ li kuob yʋꞌʋn paae Southwest Asia, ka China nɛ India paasi ba pʋʋgin.[14][15]
Yʋma 510 BC saŋa, Persia (Iran), Emperor Darius da faae India tɛŋ ka nyɛ kikanꞌasiind ka pʋdi li yʋꞌʋr ye "tiig kanɛ tisid siind kanɛ pʋ yi siing ni na". Bɛdigʋ da nan pʋ kuodi li ka ba mɔri li paamid nyɔɔd bɛdigʋ sa.[15] Arab dimi da nyaŋ Persia yʋma 642 BC saŋa la, kikanꞌasiind tʋʋma da kɛŋ tuon yi Eastern Mediterranean nidib ni.[16]
Labaya banɛ yi Ancient Greeks nɛ Romans ni paꞌal ye ba da mɔr kikanꞌasiind nɛ ka li an tiim. Yʋʋm 350 CE saŋa, Indian nidib da baŋ ban maan sikir siꞌem.[17] Yʋʋm 650 CE saŋa, sikir maalig nɛ li tʋʋma da anɛ bʋnlinɛ an naꞌanaꞌa tis nidib banɛ bɛ India, China, nɛ Middle East.[18]
Gbanvɛɛnsa
[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]- ↑ IPA: /ˈʃʊgə/, En-us-sugar.ogg (help·info)
- ↑ International sugar statistics http://www.illovosugar.com/World_of_sugar/Sugar_Statistics/International.aspx Archived 2009-10-07 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ You can think of this as "carbon + water".
- ↑ "Calories in 100 G Sugar". www.nutritionix.com. Retrieved 2021-07-11.
- ↑ "Sugarcane production in 2020, Crops/Regions/World list/Production Quantity (pick lists)". UN Food and Agriculture Organization, Corporate Statistical Database (FAOSTAT). 2022. Retrieved 27 April 2022.
- ↑ Roy Moxham (7 February 2002). The Great Hedge of India: The Search for the Living Barrier that Divided a People. Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-7867-0976-2.
- 1 2 3 4 "How Cane Sugar is Made – the Basic Story". Sugar Knowledge International. Retrieved 24 September 2018.
- ↑ Flynn, Kerry (23 April 2016). "India Drought 2016 May Lead 29–35% Drop In Sugar Output For 2016–17 Season: Report". International Business Times. Retrieved 27 October 2016.
- ↑ "Sugar beet production in 2020, Crops/Regions/World list/Production Quantity (pick lists)". UN Food and Agriculture Organization, Corporate Statistical Database (FAOSTAT). 2022. Retrieved 27 April 2022.v
- ↑ It is fall and winter as harvesting seasons.
- ↑ SpyroSoft (2020-01-03). "The Sugar Series: How is Beet Sugar Made? | Czarnikow". Retrieved 2022-11-26.
- ↑ "SKIL - How Sugar Beet Is Made". www.sucrose.com. Retrieved 2022-11-26.
- ↑ Diffusion is the process by which the color and flavor of tea comes out of the tea leaves in a teapot but most diffusers weighs several hundred tons when full of beet and extraction water.
- ↑ "The history of sugar | alimentarium". www.alimentarium.org. Retrieved 2022-11-26.
- 1 2 "SKIL - History of Sugar". www.sucrose.com. Retrieved 2022-11-26.
- ↑ "Sugar Cane in Sicily - Best of Sicily Magazine". www.bestofsicily.com. Retrieved 2022-11-26.
- ↑ This is turning the sugar into a crystal-like atomic form.
- ↑ SpyroSoft (2019-12-20). "The Sugar Series: The History of Sugar | Czarnikow". Retrieved 2022-11-26.