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Wɔtamɛlɔn

Dɛmisim tɔ'ɔŋir suoya la
Di yinɛ Wikipiidia
Wɔtamɛlɔ
taxon
Subclass ofuseful plant, annual plant Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Has usemedicinal plant, fruit, fodder, Diib, fiber Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Short nameC. lanatus Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Taxon nameCitrullus lanatus Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Taxon rankspecies Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Parent taxonCitrullus Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Replaced synonym (for nom. nov.)Cucurbita citrullus Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Has basionymMomordica lanata Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Has fruit typeberry Dɛmisim gbɛlima
This taxon is source ofwatermelon, watermelon seed, watermelon seed oil, watermelon juice, Kalahari melon oil Dɛmisim gbɛlima
External data available at URLhttps://www.gbif.org/dataset/c87068b8-7db7-49bf-b33e-eb51ffbe6345 Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Subject has rolereplacement name Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Hardiness of plant2 Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Taxon author citationThunb. Matsum. & Nakai, (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai Dɛmisim gbɛlima
GRIN URLhttps://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=10675 Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Sequenced genome URLhttps://plants.ensembl.org/Citrullus_lanatus Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Unicode character🍉 Dɛmisim gbɛlima

Wɔtamɛlɔn ka sieba buon ye watamilo la anɛ bʋmbʋtir kanɛ puud la buudi yinne kanɛ bɛ Cucurbitaceae ni, linɛ mɔri wɛlditir titaꞌar. Li anɛ tʋŋ kanɛ tɛɛnd ka vin ka ba bʋti li dʋnia nwa zinꞌis bɛdigʋ ni. Ka li buudi kɔnꞌɔb-kɔnꞌɔb gaŋ tusir 1,000.

Australia dim kuod watamilo nɛ zin'ig banɛ ka saa nɛ nintaŋ wʋsa zɛmis.  Di anɛ bunwala kanɛ ka dunia dim wʋsa nɔŋ.Di anɛ wal kanɛ an' gbiligʋ ka pʋ pʋdʋg pʋʋginɛ. Ka na'asaanam buon ye ( pepo). Di pʋʋgʋn anɛ kuom nɛ diib kanɛ malis ka mɔr mimilim. Di yiti anɛ wiigʋ bɛɛ zɛn'ʋg ka mɔr biili ka li an' sabila sabila. Ti mɛ mɔr sieba ka ba pʋ mɔr biili. Fʋ tʋn'ɔɛ dii li ala bɛɛ fʋ sɛ ba. Di nya'aŋ pak la mɛ tʋn'ɔɛ dʋgʋ gɛndig diibi di. Fʋ mɛ tʋn'ɔɛ nɛɛm li bɛɛ saam yu'oe nu wʋʋ daam nɛ.

Kordofan melons yitnɛ  Sudan ka mɔr kpinnim  nɛ   banɛ kuod watamilo paalis  bɛɛ saamis.[1] Ba da nyɛ nɛ watamilo biili la nɛ mɔɔgʋnɛ kpi'e nɛ Uan Muhuggiag la.Banɛ gɔsid yɛl banɛ naam sa yɛlla bɛ Libya teŋin la daa vɛɛns nyɛ biili nwa yʋʋm  3500 BC.[2] yʋʋm  2022 la ni, ka ba lɛn vɛɛns ka ye, watamilo biili pʋn bɛ wʋʋ yʋma tusa yuobu, 6,000-year-old ka di bɛ Libya pipirisin  wɛn wʋʋ Nigerian nyiiri biili nɛ bɛ west Africa sʋ'ʋlʋm la.[3] Watamilo da dɛŋin kuod nɛ  north-east Africa sʋ'ʋlʋm nɛ  Egypt wʋʋ yʋʋm 2000 BC la ni, amaa saŋa kan la ba da nam pʋ malisi wan wʋʋ nannanna bʋnam laa. Watamilo da yadigi gilig teŋgba'aŋ  la nɛ  Roman dim saŋa la.[4]

Banɛ gɔsid zʋʋd dʋam yɛlla muki bɔ bun bʋʋda banɛ ka ban'ans kʋ nya'aŋi kpɛn'ɛ.  Kpaadib bɛdigʋ bɛ na nyaŋi kia bɛɛ pɔn'ɔ ba watamilo, ba ya'a bʋd dabisa kɔbiga bɛn ka di bi'igi siak bunnib. Din yi yʋʋm 2023 la, China dimɛ an banɛ bɛ tuon dunia wʋsa ni, ti ya'a gɔs watamillo kuodibin. Dunia wʋsa watamilo kuodib ya'a pʋdig zin'is atan, ba na nɔk ayi.[5]

Pa'alʋg

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Watamilo la anɛ yʋʋm yinne bʋmbʋtir kanɛ nyaŋid dʋt agɔl bɛɛ tiend. Li na tunꞌe tiɛn waꞌam paae wʋʋ mitanam 3 (10 feet) ka li yaꞌam la bɛɛ bullin la mɔr gbɛɛnd zɛnꞌɛʋg. li viand waꞌalim na yi wʋʋ milimitanam 60 ti paae wʋʋ 200 (2+1⁄4 to 7+3⁄4 inches) ka li labisim an wʋʋ milimitanam 40 ti paae wʋʋ 150 (1+1⁄2 to 6 in). li ɛɛnti yaadimnɛ atanꞌ bɛɛ gaarʋg ka vanmɛna la wʋsa ɛnti mɔrnɛ gbɛɛnd ka til la yaꞌa ti gʋnꞌ ka li sʋʋg. watamilo gɛndir anɛ dinɛ aadimid wila bɛdigʋ. Gɛndir yinnɛ wʋsa nyaŋid puud puum daag bɛɛ puum nyaꞌaŋ ka li an piel bɛɛ dɔnbʋʋlʋm ka waꞌam agɔl wʋʋ milimitanam 40 (1+1⁄2 in) ka mɔr gbɛɛnd bɛdigʋ ginnir la ni. Puum yinne wʋsa ɛnti tɔnnɛ vaang tɔꞌɔŋir ni, li dʋꞌam pʋʋgin an siꞌem anɛ ye puum la bundaag nɛ li bʋnnyaꞌaŋ wʋsa ɛnti laꞌasnɛ yi tiig yinne ni na ka naꞌasaanam buon ye monoecious. Puumin la, bundaad la ɛnti dɛŋim tɔn yiiga ka bunnyaꞌas la naan yuolum tɔn na nɛ li gɛlla kanɛ na naam wɛl la.

Wɛltitaꞌar la anɛ wɛlsaʋŋ kanɛ ka ti buon ye pepo ka li mɔr pak gbiribir ka mɔr bʋʋdʋm bɛdigʋ sʋʋgin (mesocarp and endocarp).[6] Mɔɔgin bʋnam la wɛla anɛ wʋʋ 20 cm (8 in) zuꞌor pʋʋgin ka dinɛ ka ba bʋt la wɛla zuꞌolum mɛ na tunꞌe gaad wʋʋ 60 cm (24 in). wɛl la mɛŋ anɛ dɛnꞌɛn-sʋsɔbir ka gʋli-gʋl bɛɛ tɛnꞌɛsi-tɛnꞌɛs ka mɔr bʋʋbʋm ka vɔnbibis bɛ li ni, li tunꞌe an zɛnꞌɛʋg, dɔn bʋʋlʋm bɛɛ piel.[7][8]

Watamilo tɔɔd mɛ bɛ. ka Western Australia dim  buonɛ ba ye "kur-kurnam milo" li bɛ temis bɛdigʋ ni ka ba  ye li anɛ "bunvʋya tiis".[9]

Takzonomi

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Yʋʋm tusir, kɔbis yɔpɔi nɛ pisnu nɛ atan' (1753) la ni, Carl Linnaeus da ba da an onɛ pa'alɛ di yɛla yiiga ka pʋdi yʋ'ʋr yee Cucurbita citrullus.

Tʋʋma

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Diib

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Wɔtamɛlɔn malis nɛ, ka ba diti li titaꞌam bɛ tʋʋlʋg saŋa, ka ba nwaasi ba baanlig, ka gɛndig wal sieba, bɛɛ ba yuoe ba kuom la.[10][11] Ba mɔr wɔtamɛlɔn gɛndigid nɛ wal siꞌeba nɛɛmid ka li kilimid kuom bɛɛ ba nɔki maal daam.[12]

Li biili la mɔr nyʋʋg kanɛ malis ka ba dɛligid ka sɛnꞌɛdi li bɛɛ ba nɛɛmi li ka li kilim zɔꞌɔm.[8] Wɔtamɛlɔn pak la anɛ bʋnditir, amaa li pʋ Malisa, fʋ yaꞌa bɔɔd ye li malis fʋ tɔꞌɔn nɔki lɔs yaarim bɛɛ sikir pʋʋgin ka li malis,[13] ka ba diti li saŋsiꞌeba ka li an zɛnmaꞌasa, bɛɛ ba kiim, bɛɛ ba dʋgʋ li wan ni stew.[8][14]

Citrullis lanatus, buudi caffer, nɔbigid mɔɔgin Kalahari Desert, anina ka ba buoni li ye tsamma.[8] San dim nɛ bʋnkɔnbid mɔr biili la dit li kuom nɛ laafi tisib yela, ka li kɛt ka ba nyaŋidi dit tsamma paad bakwai ayuobʋ.[8]

Nwɛnnɛm

Ba mɔr wɔtamɛlɔn la ka li an zanbini paꞌan Palestinian ziꞌesim,[15][16][17] nimbanɛ bɛ Kherson region Ukraine tɛŋin, ka paꞌani ba tɛŋ ziꞌesim sʋŋ yela, wan wʋʋ 'li yiŋ la an dɛnꞌɛm, ka pʋʋgin la an wiig siꞌem la'. Kuom zuoe li pʋʋgin la zug, ba mɔr wɔtamɛlɔn ka li paꞌal pʋꞌalim bɛɛ daʋlim yela, "kuom" bɛɛ bɔɔdim tiꞌakir yela.[18][19] United States sʋꞌʋlim ni, ba mɔr wɔtamɛlɔn ka li paꞌan barigaŋ kanɛ bɛ Africa nidib nɛ Americans tɛnsʋk la.[20]

Kuob

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Wɔtamɛlɔn anɛ bʋnbʋta banɛ banɛ ka ba kuod zinꞌis banɛ ka tʋʋlig bɛ, ka lin bɔɔd tʋʋlig siꞌem bɛn nar ye li gaad 25 °C (77 °F) ka ba nyaŋi nɔbig. Lɔmbɔnꞌɔg pʋʋgin, ba bʋd biili nɛ dʋgʋd pʋʋgin ka ligili li ka yʋꞌʋn nyaan mɔri kɛŋ sɛꞌ tɛŋin. Lin bɔɔd ye tɛŋ la an siꞌem anɛ titambinꞌisig zinꞌig kanɛ mɔr kʋꞌʋlim ka tɛŋ zɛnꞌɛsim an wan wʋʋ 5.7 nɛ 7.2 tɛnsʋk.[21]

Bʋnvʋya banɛ sanꞌamid wɔtamɛlɔn anɛ aphids, fruit flies, nɛ root-knot nematodes. Zinꞌig kanɛ ka kuom bɛ hali, wiim tɔꞌɔe li nɛ wan wʋʋ powdery mildew nɛ mosaic virus.[22] BA kuod siꞌeba bɛ Japan nɛ yaꞌnyaꞌaŋ ka fusarium wilt wiim la da tɔꞌɔe ba. Ba tɔmisid ban nɛ banɛ tɔꞌɔe wiim ye li nyaŋi guꞌ ba.[7]

Lugir kanɛ gɔsid kuob nɛ gʋꞌʋl yela ka ba buoni ba US Department of Agriculture da paꞌal ye fʋ yaꞌa mɔr siinsi dɔɔg eka wʋsa pʋʋgin (4,000 m2 wʋsa ka siins bɛ) li na sʋŋ puum maalig, ka ba nyaŋi paam biꞌelim la bʋd bɛdigʋ. Banɛ pʋ mɔr biili la maan puum linɛ kʋ nyaŋi wal ka biili bɛɛ. Lin ka li sʋꞌʋm ye bʋnlinɛ na di puum la tɔlis ka ba nyaŋi tɔꞌɔŋ taaba wal ka biili bɛ. Siꞌel yaꞌa kae anina na zi puum di puum la gɛndig taaba, wala la titaꞌam ku mɔr biili li pʋʋginɛ, ala ka li nar ye siins dɔɔg la an wan wʋʋ atanꞌ eka wʋsa pʋʋgin (1,300 m2 wʋsa ka siins bɛ). Wɔtamɛlɔn nɔkid dabisa bɛdigʋ ka nyaan maan gaadi ba mɛlɔn taaba banɛ nɔkid dabisa pisnii nɛ nu bɛɛ li gaad ala lin yi bʋdib bɛɛ sɛɛb saŋa ti paae li biꞌigir saŋa.[23] Puum la yaꞌa kae kɛt ka wɔtamɛlɔn mɔr "sʋsʋnf vɔnꞌɔr" ka li kɛt ka vɔɔnr bɛ bʋʋlim la tɛnsʋk, saŋsiꞌeba li ɛɛti bʋꞌak nɛ zinzɛma. Wɔtamɛlɔn banɛ ka vɔɔnr nwaꞌ bɛ ba pʋʋgin pʋ mɔr daamʋg nɛ ninsaali na dii lii.[24][25]

Kpaadib banɛ bɛ Zentsuji region linɛ bɛ Japan sʋꞌʋlim la da nyɛ suokanɛ ka ba na bʋd wɔtamɛlɔn banɛ an maꞌad ka li anɛ ba kɛ ka wal la lu kʋnt nɛ gilas bɔx nam pʋʋgin ka li kɛ ka ba nɔbigi an mak wan wʋʋ bɔx la.[26] Ba da kuodi ba maꞌadmaꞌadi ye ba kɛ ka li sʋꞌab an naꞌanaꞌa, amaa "wɔtamɛlɔn maꞌad bama” ligidi da paad bʋngbila la ligidi abʋtanꞌ, ka li da kɛ ka banɛ mɔr ligidi bɛ tɛnpʋʋsin la daꞌad.[26] Ba maal wɔtamɛlɔn fuoma, ban bɔɔd ye li an mak siꞌem wʋsa ba na nyaŋi maal o.[27]

Wɔtamɛlɔn banɛ ka ba buon tsamma ka li bɛ Khoisan language nɛ makataan bɛ Tswana buudi pianꞌad ni la, anɛ banɛ mɔr kuom hali bɛ South Africa, Kalahari Desert, nɛ East Africa tisid nidib nɛ bʋnkɔnbid wʋsa.[28]

Ba maalig

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Yʋʋm tusayi nɛ pisi ni (2020), dunia wʋsa wɔtamɛlɔn da anɛ 101.6 million tonnes, ka China (mainland) tɛŋin mɔr pisyuobʋ kɔbiga pʋʋgin (60%) dunia wʋsa din la (60.1 million tonnes).[5] Banɛ da dɔl nyaꞌaŋ ka li maali ba tɛŋin sʋꞌʋŋa anɛ Turkey, India, Iran, Algeria nɛ Brazil – ba wʋsa yʋʋm la pʋʋgin wɔtamɛlɔn da maal paae 2–3 million tonnes yʋʋm tusayi nɛ pisi ni (2020).[5]

Wɔtamɛlɔn maalig, yʋʋm tusayi nɛ pisi

(millions of tonnes)

China 60.1
Turkey 3.49
India 2.79
Iran 2.74
Algeria 2.29
Brazil 2.18
dunia 101.6
Nwaꞌ yi ya: FAOSTAT linɛ bɛ United Nations[5]

Footonam

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

See also

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Tɛmpilet:Portal


Gbanvɛɛnsa

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]
  1. ↑ Renner, Susanne S.; Wu, Shan; Pérez-Escobar, Oscar A.; Silber, Martina V.; Fei, Zhangjun; Chomicki, Guillaume (24 May 2021). "A chromosome-level genome of a Kordofan melon illuminates the origin of domesticated watermelons". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 118 (23): e2101486118. Bibcode:2021PNAS..11801486R. doi:10.1073/pnas.2101486118. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 8201767. PMID 34031154
  2. ↑ Wasylikowa, Krystyna; van der Veen, Marijke (2004). "An archaeobotanical contribution to the history of watermelon, Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai (syn. C. vulgaris Schrad.)". Vegetation History and Archaeobotany. 13 (4): 213–217. Bibcode:2004VegHA..13..213W. doi:10.1007/s00334-004-0039-6. ISSN 0939-6314. JSTOR 23419585. S2CID 129058509. Archived from the original on 24 March 2022. Retrieved 14 December 2020.
  3. ↑ Pérez-Escobar, Oscar A.; Tusso, Sergio; Przelomska, Natalia A. S.; Wu, Shan; Ryan, Philippa; Nesbitt, Mark; Silber, Martina V.; Preick, Michaela; Fei, Zhangjun; Hofreiter, Michael; Chomicki, Guillaume; Renner, Susanne S. (3 August 2022). "Genome Sequencing of up to 6,000-Year-Old Citrullus Seeds Reveals Use of a Bitter-Fleshed Species Prior to Watermelon Domestication". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 39 (8): msac168. doi:10.1093/molbev/msac168. ISSN 1537-1719. PMC 9387916. PMID 35907246.
  4. ↑ Paris, Harry S. (August 2015). "Origin and emergence of the sweet dessert watermelon, Citrullus lanatus". Annals of Botany. 116 (2): 133–148. doi:10.1093/aob/mcv077. PMC 4512189. PMID 26141130.
  5. 1 2 3 4 "Watermelon production in 2020, Crops/Regions/World list/Production Quantity (pick lists)". FAOSTAT. UN Food and Agriculture Organization, Corporate Statistical Database. Archived from the original on 12 November 2016. Retrieved 20 January 2022.
  6. ↑ "A Systematic Treatment of Fruit Types". Worldbotanical.com. Archived from the original on 13 July 2017. Retrieved 7 October 2014.
  7. 1 2 Maynard, David; Maynard, Donald N. (2012). "Part II, Section C, Chapter 6: Cucumbers, Melons and Watermelons". In Kiple, Kenneth F.; Ornelas, Kriemhild Coneè (eds.). The Cambridge World History of Food. Vol. 2. Cambridge University Press. pp. 267–270. doi:10.1017/CHOL9780521402156. ISBN 978-0-521-40215-6. PMC 1044500. PMID 16562324.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 "Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai". South Africa National Biodiversity Institute. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 4 October 2014.
  9. ↑ Parsons, William Thomas; Cuthbertson, Eric George (2001). Noxious Weeds of Australia (2nd ed.). Collingwood, Victoria: CSIRO Publishing. pp. 407–408. ISBN 978-0643065147. Archived from the original on 13 March 2023. Retrieved 17 April 2014.
  10. ↑ "Watermelon". g Marketing Resource Center, US Department of Agriculture, Iowa State University. 2017. Archived from the original on 30 July 2017. Retrieved 9 May 2017.
  11. ↑ "Top 10 ways to enjoy watermelon". Produce for Better Health Foundation, Centers for Disease Control, US National Institutes of Health. 2017. Archived from the original on 29 July 2017. Retrieved 9 May 2017.
  12. ↑ Ogodo, A. C.; Ugbogu, O. C.; Ugbogu, A. E.; Ezeonu, C. S. (2015). "Production of mixed fruit (pawpaw, banana and watermelon) wine using Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolated from palm wine". SpringerPlus. 4: 683. doi:10.1186/s40064-015-1475-8. PMC 4639538. PMID 26576326.
  13. ↑ Todd C. Wehner (2008). "Watermelon". In Jaime Prohens and Fernando Nuez (ed.). Vegetables I. Handbook of Plant Breeding. Vol. 1. Springer. pp. 381–418. doi:10.1007/978-0-387-30443-4_12. ISBN 978-0-387-72291-7.
  14. ↑ Bryant Terry (2009). Vegan Soul Kitchen: Fresh, Healthy, and Creative African-American Cuisine. Da Capo Press. p. 46. ISBN 978-0-7867-4503-6.
  15. ↑ Holtermann, Callie (27 December 2023). "Why the Watermelon Emoji Is a Symbol of Support for Palestinians". The New York Times. Retrieved 5 January 2024.
  16. ↑ "Watermelon: A slice of Palestinian resistance". Middle East Eye. 17 August 2022.
  17. ↑ Sharon, Jeremy (21 June 2023). "Activists use watermelons to protest police crackdown on Palestinian flags". The Times of Israel.
  18. ↑ "What does Abrosexual mean?". ProudZebra. 6 January 2021.
  19. ↑ "GET TO KNOW THE MEANING BEHIND THE COLORS OF MAJOR PRIDE FLAGS". SFGMC. 17 April 2023.
  20. ↑ Black, William R. (2018). "How Watermelons Became Black: Emancipation and the Origins of a Racist Trope". Journal of the Civil War Era. 8 (1): 64–86. ISSN 2154-4727. JSTOR 26381503.
  21. ↑ "Watermelon | Land & Water | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | Land & Water | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations". fao.org. Archived from the original on 20 February 2023. Retrieved 20 February 2023.
  22. ↑ Brickell, Christopher, ed. (1992). The Royal Horticultural Society Encyclopedia of Gardening (Print). London: Dorling Kindersley. p. 333. ISBN 978-0-86318-979-1.
  23. ↑ "Watermelon Variety Descriptions". Washington State University. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 2 October 2014.
  24. ↑ Johnson, Gordon C.; Ernest, Emmalea Garver (September 2011). Conditions Influencing Hollow Heart Disorder in Triploid Watermelon. ASHS Annual Conference.
  25. ↑ Thomas, Adam (18 June 2015). "Saving watermelons". University of Delaware. Archived from the original on 29 June 2020. Retrieved 26 June 2020.
  26. 1 2 "Square fruit stuns Japanese shoppers". BBC News. 15 June 2001. Archived from the original on 21 June 2017. Retrieved 14 July 2005.
  27. ↑ "Square watermelons Japan. English version". 6 November 2013. Archived from the original on 30 October 2021. Retrieved 3 August 2014 – via YouTube.
  28. ↑ K, Lim T. (30 January 2012). Edible Medicinal And Non-Medicinal Plants: Volume 2, Fruits. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 180–181. ISBN 978-94-007-1764-0. Archived from the original on 13 March 2023. Retrieved 24 October 2022.
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