Wɔtamɛlɔn

taxon
Subclass of	useful plant, annual plant
Has use	medicinal plant, fruit, fodder, Diib, fiber
Short name	C. lanatus
Taxon name	Citrullus lanatus
Taxon rank	species
Parent taxon	Citrullus
Replaced synonym (for nom. nov.)	Cucurbita citrullus
Has basionym	Momordica lanata
Has fruit type	berry
This taxon is source of	watermelon, watermelon seed, watermelon seed oil, watermelon juice, Kalahari melon oil
External data available at URL	https://www.gbif.org/dataset/c87068b8-7db7-49bf-b33e-eb51ffbe6345
Subject has role	replacement name
Hardiness of plant	2
Taxon author citation	Thunb. Matsum. & Nakai, (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai
GRIN URL	https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=10675
Sequenced genome URL	https://plants.ensembl.org/Citrullus_lanatus
Unicode character	🍉

Wɔtamɛlɔn ka sieba buon ye watamilo la anɛ bʋmbʋtir kanɛ puud la buudi yinne kanɛ bɛ Cucurbitaceae ni, linɛ mɔri wɛlditir tita’ar. Li anɛ tʋŋ kanɛ tɛɛnd ka vin ka ba bʋti li dʋnia nwa zin’is bɛdigʋ ni. Ka li buudi kɔn’ɔb-kɔn’ɔb gaŋ tusir 1,000.

Australia dim kuod watamilo nɛ zin'ig banɛ ka saa nɛ nintaŋ wʋsa zɛmis. Di anɛ bunwala kanɛ ka dunia dim wʋsa nɔŋ.Di anɛ wal kanɛ an' gbiligʋ ka pʋ pʋdʋg pʋʋginɛ. Ka na'asaanam buon ye ( pepo). Di pʋʋgʋn anɛ kuom nɛ diib kanɛ malis ka mɔr mimilim. Di yiti anɛ wiigʋ bɛɛ zɛn'ʋg ka mɔr biili ka li an' sabila sabila. Ti mɛ mɔr sieba ka ba pʋ mɔr biili. Fʋ tʋn'ɔɛ dii li ala bɛɛ fʋ sɛ ba. Di nya'aŋ pak la mɛ tʋn'ɔɛ dʋgʋ gɛndig diibi di. Fʋ mɛ tʋn'ɔɛ nɛɛm li bɛɛ saam yu'oe nu wʋʋ daam nɛ.

Kordofan melons yitnɛ Sudan ka mɔr kpinnim nɛ banɛ kuod watamilo paalis bɛɛ saamis.^[1] Ba da nyɛ nɛ watamilo biili la nɛ mɔɔgʋnɛ kpi'e nɛ Uan Muhuggiag la.Banɛ gɔsid yɛl banɛ naam sa yɛlla bɛ Libya teŋin la daa vɛɛns nyɛ biili nwa yʋʋm 3500 BC.^[2] yʋʋm 2022 la ni, ka ba lɛn vɛɛns ka ye, watamilo biili pʋn bɛ wʋʋ yʋma tusa yuobu, 6,000-year-old ka di bɛ Libya pipirisin wɛn wʋʋ Nigerian nyiiri biili nɛ bɛ west Africa sʋ'ʋlʋm la.^[3] Watamilo da dɛŋin kuod nɛ north-east Africa sʋ'ʋlʋm nɛ Egypt wʋʋ yʋʋm 2000 BC la ni, amaa saŋa kan la ba da nam pʋ malisi wan wʋʋ nannanna bʋnam laa. Watamilo da yadigi gilig teŋgba'aŋ la nɛ Roman dim saŋa la.^[4]

Banɛ gɔsid zʋʋd dʋam yɛlla muki bɔ bun bʋʋda banɛ ka ban'ans kʋ nya'aŋi kpɛn'ɛ. Kpaadib bɛdigʋ bɛ na nyaŋi kia bɛɛ pɔn'ɔ ba watamilo, ba ya'a bʋd dabisa kɔbiga bɛn ka di bi'igi siak bunnib. Din yi yʋʋm 2023 la, China dimɛ an banɛ bɛ tuon dunia wʋsa ni, ti ya'a gɔs watamillo kuodibin. Dunia wʋsa watamilo kuodib ya'a pʋdig zin'is atan, ba na nɔk ayi.^[5]

Pa'alʋg

Watamilo la anɛ yʋʋm yinne bʋmbʋtir kanɛ nyaŋid dʋt agɔl bɛɛ tiend. Li na tun’e tiɛn wa’am paae wʋʋ mitanam 3 (10 feet) ka li ya’am la bɛɛ bullin la mɔr gbɛɛnd zɛn’ɛʋg. li viand wa’alim na yi wʋʋ milimitanam 60 ti paae wʋʋ 200 (2+¹⁄₄ to 7+³⁄₄ inches) ka li labisim an wʋʋ milimitanam 40 ti paae wʋʋ 150 (1+¹⁄₂ to 6 in). li ɛɛnti yaadimnɛ atan’ bɛɛ gaarʋg ka vanmɛna la wʋsa ɛnti mɔrnɛ gbɛɛnd ka til la ya’a ti gʋn’ ka li sʋʋg. watamilo gɛndir anɛ dinɛ aadimid wila bɛdigʋ. Gɛndir yinnɛ wʋsa nyaŋid puud puum daag bɛɛ puum nya’aŋ ka li an piel bɛɛ dɔnbʋʋlʋm ka wa’am agɔl wʋʋ milimitanam 40 (1+¹⁄₂ in) ka mɔr gbɛɛnd bɛdigʋ ginnir la ni. Puum yinne wʋsa ɛnti tɔnnɛ vaang tɔ’ɔŋir ni, li dʋ’am pʋʋgin an si’em anɛ ye puum la bundaag nɛ li bʋnnya’aŋ wʋsa ɛnti la’asnɛ yi tiig yinne ni na ka na’asaanam buon ye monoecious. Puumin la, bundaad la ɛnti dɛŋim tɔn yiiga ka bunnya’as la naan yuolum tɔn na nɛ li gɛlla kanɛ na naam wɛl la.

Wɛltita’ar la anɛ wɛlsaʋŋ kanɛ ka ti buon ye pepo ka li mɔr pak gbiribir ka mɔr bʋʋdʋm bɛdigʋ sʋʋgin (mesocarp and endocarp).^[6] Mɔɔgin bʋnam la wɛla anɛ wʋʋ 20 cm (8 in) zu’or pʋʋgin ka dinɛ ka ba bʋt la wɛla zu’olum mɛ na tun’e gaad wʋʋ 60 cm (24 in). wɛl la mɛŋ anɛ dɛn’ɛn-sʋsɔbir ka gʋli-gʋl bɛɛ tɛn’ɛsi-tɛn’ɛs ka mɔr bʋʋbʋm ka vɔnbibis bɛ li ni, li tun’e an zɛn’ɛʋg, dɔn bʋʋlʋm bɛɛ piel.^[7]^[8]

Watamilo tɔɔd mɛ bɛ. ka Western Australia dim buonɛ ba ye ‘’kur-kurnam milo’’ li bɛ temis bɛdigʋ ni ka ba ye li anɛ ‘’bunvʋya tiis’’.^[9]

Takzonomi

Yטטm tusir, kɔbis yɔpɔi nɛ pisnu nɛ atan' (1753) la ni, Carl Linnaeus da ba da an onɛ pa'alɛ di yɛla yiiga ka pטdi yט'טr yee Cucurbita citrullus.

Tʋʋma

Diib

Wɔtamɛlɔn malis nɛ, ka ba diti li tita’am bɛ tʋʋlʋg saŋa, ka ba nwaasi ba baanlig, ka gɛndig wal sieba, bɛɛ ba yuoe ba kuom la.^[10]^[11] Ba mɔr wɔtamɛlɔn gɛndigid nɛ wal si’eba nɛɛmid ka li kilimid kuom bɛɛ ba nɔki maal daam.^[12]

Li biili la mɔr nyʋʋg kanɛ malis ka ba dɛligid ka sɛn’ɛdi li bɛɛ ba nɛɛmi li ka li kilim zɔ’ɔm.^[8] Wɔtamɛlɔn pak la anɛ bʋnditir, amaa li pʋ Malisa, fʋ ya’a bɔɔd ye li malis fʋ tɔ’ɔn nɔki lɔs yaarim bɛɛ sikir pʋʋgin ka li malis,^[13] ka ba diti li saŋsi’eba ka li an zɛnma’asa, bɛɛ ba kiim, bɛɛ ba dʋgʋ li wan ni stew.^[8]^[14]

Citrullis lanatus, buudi caffer, nɔbigid mɔɔgin Kalahari Desert, anina ka ba buoni li ye tsamma.^[8] San dim nɛ bʋnkɔnbid mɔr biili la dit li kuom nɛ laafi tisib yela, ka li kɛt ka ba nyaŋidi dit tsamma paad bakwai ayuobʋ.^[8]

Nwɛnnɛm

Ba mɔr wɔtamɛlɔn la ka li an zanbini pa’an Palestinian zi’esim,^[15]^[16]^[17] nimbanɛ bɛ Kherson region Ukraine tɛŋin, ka pa’ani ba tɛŋ zi’esim sʋŋ yela, wan wʋʋ 'li yiŋ la an dɛn’ɛm, ka pʋʋgin la an wiig si’em la'. Kuom zuoe li pʋʋgin la zug, ba mɔr wɔtamɛlɔn ka li pa’al pʋ’alim bɛɛ daʋlim yela, "kuom" bɛɛ bɔɔdim ti’akir yela.^[18]^[19] United States sʋ’ʋlim ni, ba mɔr wɔtamɛlɔn ka li pa’an barigaŋ kanɛ bɛ Africa nidib nɛ Americans tɛnsʋk la.^[20]

Kuob

Wɔtamɛlɔn anɛ bʋnbʋta banɛ banɛ ka ba kuod zin’is banɛ ka tʋʋlig bɛ, ka lin bɔɔd tʋʋlig si’em bɛn nar ye li gaad 25 °C (77 °F) ka ba nyaŋi nɔbig. Lɔmbɔn’ɔg pʋʋgin, ba bʋd biili nɛ dʋgʋd pʋʋgin ka ligili li ka yʋ’ʋn nyaan mɔri kɛŋ sɛ’ tɛŋin. Lin bɔɔd ye tɛŋ la an si’em anɛ titambin’isig zin’ig kanɛ mɔr kʋ’ʋlim ka tɛŋ zɛn’ɛsim an wan wʋʋ 5.7 nɛ 7.2 tɛnsʋk.^[21]

Bʋnvʋya banɛ san’amid wɔtamɛlɔn anɛ aphids, fruit flies, nɛ root-knot nematodes. Zin’ig kanɛ ka kuom bɛ hali, wiim tɔ’ɔe li nɛ wan wʋʋ powdery mildew nɛ mosaic virus.^[22] BA kuod si’eba bɛ Japan nɛ ya’nya’aŋ ka fusarium wilt wiim la da tɔ’ɔe ba. Ba tɔmisid ban nɛ banɛ tɔ’ɔe wiim ye li nyaŋi gu’ ba.^[7]

Lugir kanɛ gɔsid kuob nɛ gʋ’ʋl yela ka ba buoni ba US Department of Agriculture da pa’al ye fʋ ya’a mɔr siinsi dɔɔg eka wʋsa pʋʋgin (4,000 m² wʋsa ka siins bɛ) li na sʋŋ puum maalig, ka ba nyaŋi paam bi’elim la bʋd bɛdigʋ. Banɛ pʋ mɔr biili la maan puum linɛ kʋ nyaŋi wal ka biili bɛɛ. Lin ka li sʋ’ʋm ye bʋnlinɛ na di puum la tɔlis ka ba nyaŋi tɔ’ɔŋ taaba wal ka biili bɛ. Si’el ya’a kae anina na zi puum di puum la gɛndig taaba, wala la tita’am ku mɔr biili li pʋʋginɛ, ala ka li nar ye siins dɔɔg la an wan wʋʋ atan’ eka wʋsa pʋʋgin (1,300 m² wʋsa ka siins bɛ). Wɔtamɛlɔn nɔkid dabisa bɛdigʋ ka nyaan maan gaadi ba mɛlɔn taaba banɛ nɔkid dabisa pisnii nɛ nu bɛɛ li gaad ala lin yi bʋdib bɛɛ sɛɛb saŋa ti paae li bi’igir saŋa.^[23] Puum la ya’a kae kɛt ka wɔtamɛlɔn mɔr "sʋsʋnf vɔn’ɔr" ka li kɛt ka vɔɔnr bɛ bʋʋlim la tɛnsʋk, saŋsi’eba li ɛɛti bʋ’ak nɛ zinzɛma. Wɔtamɛlɔn banɛ ka vɔɔnr nwa’ bɛ ba pʋʋgin pʋ mɔr daamʋg nɛ ninsaali na dii lii.^[24]^[25]

Kpaadib banɛ bɛ Zentsuji region linɛ bɛ Japan sʋ’ʋlim la da nyɛ suokanɛ ka ba na bʋd wɔtamɛlɔn banɛ an ma’ad ka li anɛ ba kɛ ka wal la lu kʋnt nɛ gilas bɔx nam pʋʋgin ka li kɛ ka ba nɔbigi an mak wan wʋʋ bɔx la.^[26] Ba da kuodi ba ma’adma’adi ye ba kɛ ka li sʋ’ab an na’ana’a, amaa "wɔtamɛlɔn ma’ad bama” ligidi da paad bʋngbila la ligidi abʋtan’, ka li da kɛ ka banɛ mɔr ligidi bɛ tɛnpʋʋsin la da’ad.^[26] Ba maal wɔtamɛlɔn fuoma, ban bɔɔd ye li an mak si’em wʋsa ba na nyaŋi maal o.^[27]

Wɔtamɛlɔn banɛ ka ba buon tsamma ka li bɛ Khoisan language nɛ makataan bɛ Tswana buudi pian’ad ni la, anɛ banɛ mɔr kuom hali bɛ South Africa, Kalahari Desert, nɛ East Africa tisid nidib nɛ bʋnkɔnbid wʋsa.^[28]

Ba maalig

Yʋʋm tusayi nɛ pisi ni (2020), dunia wʋsa wɔtamɛlɔn da anɛ 101.6 million tonnes, ka China (mainland) tɛŋin mɔr pisyuobʋ kɔbiga pʋʋgin (60%) dunia wʋsa din la (60.1 million tonnes).^[5] Banɛ da dɔl nya’aŋ ka li maali ba tɛŋin sʋ’ʋŋa anɛ Turkey, India, Iran, Algeria nɛ Brazil – ba wʋsa yʋʋm la pʋʋgin wɔtamɛlɔn da maal paae 2–3 million tonnes yʋʋm tusayi nɛ pisi ni (2020).^[5]

Wɔtamɛlɔn maalig, yʋʋm tusayi nɛ pisi (millions of tonnes)
China	60.1
Turkey	3.49
India	2.79
Iran	2.74
Algeria	2.29
Brazil	2.18
dunia	101.6
Nwa’ yi ya: FAOSTAT linɛ bɛ United Nations^[5]

Footonam

Watermelon cubes
Watermelons with dark green rind, India
Watermelon flowers
Watermelon leaf
Flower stems of male and female watermelon blossoms, showing ovary on the female
Watermelon plant close-up
Watermelon baller
Watermelon with yellow flesh
'Moon and stars' watermelon cultivar
Watermelon and other fruit in Boris Kustodiev's Merchant's Wife
Watermelon for sale
Watermelon out for sale in Maa Kochilei Market, Rasulgarh, Odisha, India
Watermelon grown in Buryatia, Siberia
Watermelon rind curry
Roasted and salted watermelon seeds
Watermelon seed under a microscope
Watermelon, sliced into pieces
Very ripe Sugar Baby watermelon, grown in Oklahoma, bursts open when a small incision is made into its rind
Watermelon with yellow flesh
Ice pop