Zɔꞌɔm
| Subclass of | powder, staple food, shelf-stable food, food ingredient  |
|---|---|
| Inception | 14. millennium BCE |
| Named after | Q4309034 |
| Made from material | grain |
| Fabrication method | Q37914042 |
| Has characteristic | hygroscopy |
Zɔꞌɔm anɛ ban na nɛɛm bielim banɛ an kpiꞌema, nyaꞌa, bɛŋa, bɛɛ biili ka di lieb bʋʋlʋg. Ba mɔr zɔꞌɔm maan diib bɛdigʋ. Bielim zɔꞌɔm, di kas-kas anɛ ki-zian' zɔꞌɔm, anɛ bun yinne dinɛ ka ba mɔri maan bodobodo, ka di an dikpɛŋi tis buudi bɛdigʋ. Kawɛnna zɔꞌɔm an dinɛ yɛla pak hali tis Mesoamerican cuisine hali kʋdʋmin sa, ka nan kpɛn an dikpɛŋi tis banɛ bɛ America sʋꞌʋlim. Rye zɔꞌɔm anɛ zɔꞌɔm kanɛ ka ba mɔri paasidi maan bodobodo bɛ Central Europe nɛ Northern Europe.
Bielim zɔꞌɔm mɔr buudi bɛdigʋ, ba sieba anɛ; endosperm, germ, nɛ bran ka ba laꞌas taaba (an biel mʋma zɔꞌɔm) bɛɛ di bʋʋlim la maꞌa (zɔꞌɔm kanɛ ka ba fʋk). Zɔꞌɔm nam bɛ kɔnꞌɔb-kɔnꞌɔb, sieba pʋ nɛɛm ka di biꞌigi bʋlʋg alasaa. Zɔꞌɔm sieba bɛ ka ba nɛɛmi di ka di biꞌig ka sieba mɛ lɛɛ pʋ biꞌigida, amaa, ba wʋsa laꞌasi anɛ zɔꞌɔm.
Banɛ gɔsid banꞌas guꞌub yɛla la yina saꞌal nidib ye ba da di zɔꞌɔm kanɛ ka ba buu di ka pʋ dʋgɛ. Zɔꞌɔm tɔnꞌɔe mɔr bʋnvʋl banɛ ziid banꞌas wan wʋʋ E. coli ka di nar ye ba dʋgʋ di ka nyaan di wʋʋ disieba ka ba maan siꞌem la.[1]
Yʋꞌʋr la yi siꞌel na
[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]Naꞌasaalin ka ba buon zɔꞌɔm ye flour la da yina pʋʋm ka ba buon ye flower la ni na, ka yʋda ayiꞌ la wʋsa yinɛ Old French fleur bɛɛ flour ni, ka di gbin da paꞌal ye din na "vɛnlim", ka mɛ lɛn paꞌal ye "bʋnbʋʋlʋg". Ba pianꞌak kanɛ an fleur de farine la gbin paꞌal ye "zɔꞌɔm la ɛɛnti bʋlʋgi vɛn la", bɔzʋgɔ, ba da nyɛt zɔꞌɔm yitnɛ ban na bʋꞌar biꞌelim nɛ kuga, ka kpɛɛsi yis bʋʋlʋm la.[2]
Pinꞌilig
[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]Kawɛnna zɔꞌɔm da anɛ nimmua bʋn Mesoamerican cuisine saŋa sa ka nan kpɛn an ba dikpɛŋi bɛ America sʋꞌʋlim. Rye zɔꞌɔm anɛ zɔꞌɔm kanɛ ka ba mɔri maan bodobodo bɛ central nɛ northern Europe. Zanbina bɛ paꞌal ye ba da nɛm zɔꞌɔm (wheat biꞌelim ka ba nyɛ ka di bɛ zinꞌig siꞌa ka ba nɛɛmi di nɛ kuga) ka ba gɔs ka di yʋʋgi tʋʋg yʋʋma 6000 BC. Yʋʋm tusayi, nɛ piinɛ nii (2018), banɛ zamisid kʋdʋmin yela da yɛl ye ba nyɛ[3] zinꞌig kanɛ ka ba da maan bodobodo ka di bɛ Shubayqa 1, lin bɛnɛ Natufian tɔnꞌɔsnam laꞌasig zinꞌig ka di na bɛɛ tʋʋg yʋʋma tusa piinɛ anaasi (14,000) ka di bɛ northwest Jordan tɛŋin. Romans tɛŋ dimi da an yiiga dimi pinꞌili mɔr laꞌafʋoma nɛɛm biꞌelim ka di kilim zɔꞌɔm. Yʋʋm tusir, kɔbisyɔpɔi nɛ pisnii nɛ ayuobʋ (1786) ni, sankan ka nifnɛɛlim da kɛna la, zɔꞌɔm banɛka kanɛ ka ba mɔr tʋʋlig paŋi nɛɛmid, ka ba buon Albion Mills, Southwark, da yina bɛ London tɛŋin.[4] Yʋʋm tusir, kɔbiswai nɛ pistanꞌ la saŋa (1930s), ka ba pinꞌili gɛndigid zɔꞌɔm nɛ laꞌasiꞌeba wan wʋʋ iron, niacin, thiamine nɛ riboflavin.
Di maalig
[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]Ban nɛɛmid zɔꞌɔm siꞌem anɛ ban na nɔk kuga bɛɛ kʋnt banɛ giligidi nɛɛm biꞌelim.[5] Fu yaꞌa gɔs zina nwaꞌ, "kuga nɛɛr" paꞌal ye biꞌelim la nwaꞌas nɛ nɛɛm ka di anɛ kugur bɛɛ kʋnt ziꞌedigi gbanꞌae kugur bɛɛ kʋnt kanɛ giligid ka ba kpaꞌasid biꞌelim la niŋid tɛnsʋk ka di nɛɛmid.
Banɛka paala
[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]Banɛka banɛ mɔr kʋnt ka di giligidi nɛm zɔꞌɔm kɛna diꞌe kuga nɛɛr nɔbir, bɔzugɔ, naꞌasaasɔɔng kɛna kɛ ka zɔꞌɔm nɛɛmig kɛŋ tuon hali, bɛ yʋꞌʋn maal banɛkanam ka ba nɛɛmid tɔꞌɔtɔꞌ ka mɛ pʋ lɛn bɔɔd nidib bɛdigʋ ye ba nɛɛm, ka ba yʋꞌʋn mɔr nɛ kuom paŋ[6] nɛ sisiꞌem paŋi nɛɛmid banɛkanam la. Pʋtɛnꞌɛr bama kɛ ka ba yʋꞌʋn mɔr kuom nɛ sisiꞌem paŋi maan siꞌelnam bɛdigʋ ka kaꞌ banɛka maꞌa nɛɛ.[7] Di pʋ yʋʋgɛ, banɛka siꞌeba yʋꞌʋn bɛ nɛɛmid sʋꞌʋŋa, ka ba mɔri di kɛnꞌ 20th century tɛnsʋk saŋa na.
Dɛŋ banɛ bɛ
[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]Di bugum nyʋꞌɔr yela
[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]Zɔꞌɔm baanla banɛ ka sisiꞌem tɔnꞌɔe daꞌadi di na nyaŋi laꞌaŋ bugum—di yaꞌa kɛŋ laꞌas nɛ laꞌad banɛ laꞌaŋid bugum pɛbisim ni agɔl[8] . Yɛla bɛdigʋ naam ya, zinꞌis banɛ ka ba nɛɛmid zɔꞌɔm, di yinne anɛ bugum kanɛ da laꞌaŋ yʋʋm tusir, kɔbisnii nɛ pisyɔpɔi nɛ anii (1878) da bɛnɛ Washburn "A" Mill, Minneapolis sʋꞌʋlim ka da kuꞌ nidib pisi nɛ ayi (22).[9][10]
Bʋlvʋlbɛꞌɛdnam
[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]Banɛ gɔsid banꞌas guꞌub yela la yina saꞌal nidib ye ba da di zɔꞌɔm kanɛ ka ba bʋʋ di ka pʋ dʋgɛ. Zɔꞌɔm tɔnꞌɔe mɔr bʋnvʋl banɛ ziid banꞌas wan wʋʋ E. coli ka di nar ye ba dʋgʋ di ka nyaan di wʋʋ disiꞌeba ka ba maan siꞌem la.[1]
Din maan laꞌasiꞌeba
[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]Bread, pasta, crackers, cakes, nɛ diib buudi bɛdigʋ ka ba mɔr zɔꞌɔm maan. Ba mɛ mɔr Wheat zɔꞌɔm liꞌid dʋgʋd gbina ni ye ba nyaŋi kpiꞌem. Ba len mɔri paasidi maan titabid kanɛ ka ba buon papier-mâché glue la.[11]
Gbanvɛɛnsa
[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]- 1 2 "Raw Dough Can Contain Germs That Make You Sick". CDC. 28 July 2021. Archived from the original on 17 December 2021. Retrieved 21 October 2021.
- ↑ Palmatier, Robert Allen (2000). Food: a dictionary of literal and nonliteral terms. Westport, CT: Greenwood. p. 136. ISBN 978-0-313-31436-0.
- ↑ Arranz-Otaegui, Amaia (31 July 2018). "Archaeobotanical evidence reveals the origins of bread 14,400 years ago in northeastern Jordan". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 115 (31): 7925–7930. Bibcode:2018PNAS..115.7925A. doi:10.1073/pnas.1801071115. PMC 6077754. PMID 30012614.
- ↑ "The history of flour – The FlourWorld Museum Wittenburg – Flour Sacks of the World". www.flour-art-museum.de. Archived from the original on 2011-04-04. Retrieved 2017-10-18.
- ↑ Eben Norton Horsford (1875). "Chapter II: The Art of Milling". Report on Vienna bread. Washington: Government Printing Office. Archived from the original on 2023-01-13. Retrieved 2015-11-22.
- ↑ "Grist Mills". Flickr. 8 June 2006. Archived from the original on 2020-08-02. Retrieved 2017-10-18.
- ↑ "How the Roller Mills Changed the Milling Industry". Angelfire. Archived from the original on 2018-03-04. Retrieved 2017-10-18.
- ↑ Williamson, George (2002). "Introduction to Dust Explosions". Archived from the original on 2004-12-23. Retrieved 2006-10-29.
- ↑ "Washburn 'A' Mill Explosion". Minnesota Historical Society Library History Topics. Archived from the original on 2013-07-31. Retrieved 2006-10-29.
- ↑ Scientific American, "The Explosiveness of Flour". Munn & Company. 1878-08-10. p. 87.
- ↑ "Make Paper Mache Glue". Kidspot. Archived from the original on 10 July 2017. Retrieved 8 July 2017.