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Zaŋgbeduan

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Zaŋgbeduan
taxon
Subclass ofuseful plant Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Has usevegetable, medicinal plant Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Short nameM. oleifera Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Taxon nameMoringa oleifera Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Taxon rankspecies Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Parent taxonMoringa Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Taxon common namehorseradishtree, 辣木, 辣木 Dɛmisim gbɛlima
This taxon is source ofben oil, Moringa oleifera extract, Moringa oleifera fruit, Moringa oleifera seed Dɛmisim gbɛlima
IUCN conservation statusLC Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Described at URLhttps://jardinage.lemonde.fr/dossier-1371-moringa-oleifera-arbre-vie.html Dɛmisim gbɛlima
External data available at URLhttps://www.gbif.org/dataset/93725bf2-6ada-47f9-bd5e-0e679e3d245e Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Taxon rangeTibet Autonomous Region, Guangdong, Myanmar Dɛmisim gbɛlima
GRIN URLhttps://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=24597 Dɛmisim gbɛlima

Zaŋgbeduan ka sieba buon ye na'asaaduan, Wina'am tiig la anɛ Na'asaa dʋan bɛɛ zaŋgbɛdʋan dinɛ ka ba buon ye Moringa oleifera anɛ tiig kanɛ pʋ yʋʋgida ka nɔbigid tɔ'ɔtɔ , di anɛ tiig kanɛ pʋ zɔt wakkɔ ka pɛ'ɛs  Moringaceae buudi la ni. Di kae saan nɛ India dim banɛ bɛ north la. Ka Asia dim banɛ bɛ south nɛ southeast la mɔri li tʋm hali.[1] yʋda banɛ ka ba yiti mɔri buonɛ ba anɛ,  moringa,[2] drumstick tiig [2] (din yi di wa'alimɛn la sig  na paae di yadigirin la nɛ di wala ni.), horseradish tree[2] (din yi di nya'a la ni, din nwɛnɛ  horseradish la), bɛɛ malunggay (wʋʋ ban mi'i li ye maritime bɛɛ archipelagic zin'is banɛ bɛ Asia la).[3]

Ba kuodi nɛ babir bɛdigט li biili la nɛ li vaand la yɛla, ba mɔri maan zɛɛnd nɛ tima. Li mɛ lɛm mɔri yessir di'ad kuom ni.[4][5]

Pa'alטg

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]
Moringa flowers
Moringa pollen
Tree and seed pods of Moringa oleifera
Moringa seeds
Foliage of Moringa oleifera

M. oleifera tiig la anɛ ti kanɛ nɔbigid tɔ'ɔtɔ hali ka o vaand mɛ sטטgid tɔ'ɔtɔ.[6] o wa'ali tun'e paae 10–12 m (33–39 ft) ka o til la yalטŋ anɛ diameter of 46 cm (18 in).[7] O pak la sin'im anɛ piel nwɛni tampɛgilim sin'im nɛ ka li libil nɛ pak kpi'ɛטŋ. Ba bטmbaanlטg la ɛɛnti bטsid vaand ka li sin'im an purplish bɛɛ greenish-white, hairy bark. Ti Kaŋa zטgin la yɔ'ɔgnɛ, ka o wila la pט kpi'ima, ka o vaand la mɛɛdi agɔla ka mɔr tripinnate vaand.

Di puum la anɛ fragrant nɛ hermaphroditic, gilig nɛ thinly veined, yellowish-white petals. di puum la wa'alim na an 1-1.5cm (3⁄8–5⁄8 in) nɛ 2cm 2 cm (3⁄4 in) aan di yalטŋ. Di biidnɛ tilkanɛ mɔr zuobid, o anɛ ti kanɛ sטטgidi o puum basid, o til la wa'alim anɛ 10–25 cm (4–10 in).[7]

Fט ya'a budט nwadisi ayuobu la ka o sin'iŋ puum. Dinɛ pɛɛsi ayi anɛ ye ba ya'a bɛ teŋ kanɛ ka waad bɛ ba puudnɛ yimmט yטטm wsa puugin, saŋa kanɛ ka saa niid nɛ saŋa kanɛ an טטn bɛ (Northern Hemisphere Vaala Nwadig la nɛ Sigir Nwadig la teŋsטk, Southern HemisphereOctober nɛ Samampiid Nwadig la teŋsטk). Teŋkanɛ ka saa niib an sט'טŋa ka waad la mɛ sial tiig kaŋa tun'e puu nɔɔr ayi yטטm ls puugin.[7]

Di wɛla la yulnɛ zin'is atan' kpi'ie nɛ taaba, an wilim-wilim ka li wa'alim la an 20–45 cm (8–17+1⁄2 in) zan biil sabila dinɛ an wilim-wilim la ka li diameter an 1 cm. Li biili la mɔ busieba wɛni gbana nɛ ka sisiem nɛ kuom na tun'e mɔri keŋ teŋ lalli.[7]

Li kuob anɛ nwa', ba ɛɛnti kia ba nɛ yטטm wטsa ka basi li wa'alim la ka li an 1–2 m (3.3–6.6 ft) ka bas ka li lɛm bus ya'as, wala ka li wɛla la na nɛ li biili la nu'us na nyaŋi paae.[7]

Takzonami

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

French botanist François Alexandre Pierre de Garsault da pa'al ye tiig kaŋa anɛ Balanus myrepsica amaa yט'טbanɛ ka o da tis la ba da pטsiaki li ye li an sטm, ka li anɛ ye da pט pa'an ka li dɔl binomial yטda tisib wadaa.[8]

French naturalist Jean-Baptiste Lamarck mɛ da pa'al tiig la yɛla bɛ yטטm tusir, kɔbisyɔpɔi nɛ pisnii n anu (1785) la ni.[9] O da nɔknɛ morphology nɛ DNA pa'al ye M. oleifera wɛni M. concanensis, ka fט ya'a gɔs ti bama ayi la keŋ wɛn taaba siem la, di yitnɛ of M. peregrina tiis buudi la ni na.[10]

Ɛtimologi

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Tiig la yט'טr Moringa la yini Tamil pian'adin na dinɛ an murungai la, di gbin anɛ "wɛla banɛ wɛɛnlim taaba", wɛl paala la.[11] Li yט'טr mɛŋir oleifera la yini Latin dim pian'adin oleum "kpaam" nɛferre "ban na wɛl".[8]

Tiig la mɔr yטda kɔn'ɔb-kɔn'ɔb bɛdigט bɛ teens bɛdigט ni zin'is banɛ ka ba kuodi li, nɛ drumstick tiig, horseradish tiig bɛɛ giŋa anɛ moringa ka ba mɔri buon naasaalin la.[1][2]

Ɛkologi

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Moringa tiig la wiim pט gban'e o zin'ig kanɛ wטsa kanɛ ka o bɛɛ. India ka ti nyɛt ka bטmvטya bɛdigט bɛɛ li ni pɛɛs nɛ zטŋzטnya banɛ dit tiis tila la, zטŋzטnya banɛ mɔr zuobid la bɛɛ vaandin zטŋzטnya. Budworms yit Noctuidae mɔri wiim pamm kenna san'amid tiig la puum. Nɛ bani nami san'amid tiig la anɛ aphids, bama vudnɛ tila la, nɛ wɛla pטmpɔɔs.Teŋ sieba ni sibignam mɛ tun'e mɔr san'aטŋ bibisnami kenna. sibi la ya'a zuoe ba teŋin la, bטŋvטya gu'ub kaae na'anaa.[7]

Zaŋgbeduan la mɔr Leveillula taurica, dinɛ an zɔ'ɔm mildew, ka li san'amid papaya tiis bɛ south India. Dinɛ mɛ lɛm pɛɛs anɛ, zunzunya banɛ an snout moth Noorda blitealis la didnɛ ba vaand la ka tun'e san'am vaand la wטsa.

Ye Ti Bɛ'ɛd

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

La'am nɛ bam nɔk o paas ti banɛ an ti bɛ'ɛdnam tɛɛns bɛdigט la, zin'ig yinne sia pia'a zaŋgbeduan (M. oleifera) ye "tiig la pט sa'amid ti sieba ka sט'טg zin'ig la" dinzugɔ "di nar ka ba gɔs ka o an tiig kanɛ an sטm ka ba na kuod o ka o pט sa'amid la'adɛ."[1]

Zɛɛnsim

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Tiig la zɛɛnsim ninsaal nigbina ni pa'alטg pɔɔdnɛ, di ɔm bɛ ye lab dim zamisטg pטטgin pa'al ye tiig la zin'i sieba, o paטk, nyan'a bɛɛ ba zin'isieba tun'e mɔr daaטŋ fט ya'a dii li bɛdig.[12] Zangbeduan mɔr zɛɛnsim f ya'a dii li ka li tטטg 3,000mg/kg ningbina tɛbisim, ka an sטm fט ya'a dii li ka li pט paae 1000mg/kg.[13] zangbeduan tun'e daam ti nuudim kanɛka bas ti sibiti ni dinɛ an cytochrome P450 (la'am nɛ CYP3A4) ka na tun'e mɔr antihyperglycemic mɔe daaטŋ tis sitagliptin.[12]

Tʋʋma

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Zaŋgbeduan mᴐr tʋʋma bɛdigʋ ka ba mᴐri dʋgʋt dunia wʋsa. Tiig la luobanɛ ka bad it anɛ viand la wʋsa (viand, wila, tila) dinɛ pʋ bi’igɛ, walbanɛ an dɛn’ɛn la bɛɛ bielim la, di puum la nɛ bielpᴐla nɛ nya’a la wʋsa.[14]

Moringa oleifera leaf, raw
Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)
Energy 64 kcal (270 kJ)
Carbohydrates 8.28 g
Dietary fiber 2.0 g
Fat 1.40 g
Protein 9.40 g
show

Vitamins and minerals

Other constituents Quantity
Kuom 78.66 g
†Percentages estimated using US recommendations for adults,[15] except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from the National Academies.[16]

Malisim

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]
M. oleifera pods, raw
Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)
Energy 37 kcal (150 kJ)
Carbohydrates 8.53 g
Dietary fiber 3.2 g
Fat 0.20 g
Protein 2.10 g
show

Vitamins and minerals

Other constituents Quantity
Kuom 88.20 g
†Percentages estimated using US recommendations for adults,[15] except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from the National Academies.[16]

Zaŋgbeduan luabanɛ ka ba dit:[1]

Bielpᴐla la

Vaand

Bielbanɛ bi’ig

Kpaamkanɛ yi bielim la ni

Puum

Nya’a

Zaŋgbeduan vankanɛ an 100 g (about 5 cups) la bɛ teebul kanɛ digi teŋir la (USDA data).

Vaand la an luokanɛ malisi gaad tiig la luos wʋsa, din mᴐr B vitamins, vitamin C, provitamin A as beta-carotene, vitamin K, manganese, nɛ protein la zug.[17][18] Calcium dinɛ bɛ moringa vaandin la sieba anɛ dinɛ ka ba buon ye crystals of calcium oxalate.[19] Oxalate tun’e naan 430 paae 1050 mg/100g,[20] fʋ ya’a maki di nɛ oxalate dinɛ bɛ spinach ni la (750 mg/100g).[21]

Siind Maalʋg

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Department of Agriculture and Fisheries (Queensland) lʋgir la pa’al ye zaŋgbeduan la an sʋm ka mɔr tʋʋm paam bε siind maalʋg ni bɔzugo di ked k aba paamid siind bεdigʋ yʋʋm wʋsa.[22]

Di Tʋʋm Sieba Banε Bε

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Teŋtitara ni, zaŋgbeduan la mɔri sʋŋid diib malisim, gɔsid diib, sʋŋid ka teŋpʋʋg nɔbigid, ka sʋŋid teŋ la maalʋg.[1][23] Di tun’e nɔki ma bʋŋkɔbid yaama, diib kuomalisiŋ, wina’am maalʋg anthelmintic, nε adjuvant.[24][25]

Zaŋgbeduan la mɔri sʋŋidi gɔsid malnutrition yεla, di kas-kas anε bi fiinsa nε puab banε mu’asid biis.[1] zaŋgbeduan la saligim gɔsid arid nε semiarid environments yεla, di tun’e bε sʋŋid diib malisim yεla yʋʋm la wʋsa bε teens kɔn’ɔb-kɔn’ɔb bedigʋ.[26] Duniya 140 mɔr zaŋgbeduan la tʋm tʋʋma, di kuobsʋŋidi yisid dinε an malnutrition, kuom ka nε an yain, ka kpa dʋgidim.[1]

Zaŋgbeduan(Moringa oleifera) vaanzɔ’ɔm la anε ki’ib kanε sʋm nε nu’us piesʋg di ya’a dεŋim wʋ’ʋl di ke ka antiseptic nε detergent yi phytochemicals bε viand la ni.[27] Zaŋgbeduan(Moringa oleifera) biili la nε  press cake la ba maali di nε ka li an wasterwater ka li yisid kuom kanε bε binin la.[28]

Zaŋgbeduan la biili la ba εεnti diin li nε maal kpaam, dinε ka ba mɔri ket ka kuom an yain ka nidib nuut.[29][30] Zaŋgbeduan biili la mɔri dimeric cationic proteins,[31] ka li sʋŋidi yisid ka pieεd di’ad kanε wʋsa dinε bε turbid water la ni, ka ket ka sa’adnam la wʋsa la’as taaba, ka li sʋŋ ka sa’ad banε puki agɔla la nyaŋi yis sa’ad la bas fʋ tun’e siligi li bεε yuuoe li. Zaŋgbeduan biili mɔri yisid di’ad nε sa’ad dinε bε kuomin. Di an sʋm k aba mɔri yisid di’adnam bε kuonuudim pʋʋgin gat la’ad sieba teŋbanε ka ba kuod zaŋgbeduan ka ba kuomnam san’am.[30]

Footonam

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]
  • Upper and lower side of the tripinnate leaf of M. oleifera
    Upper and lower side of the tripinnate leaf of M. oleifera
  • Branch of a fully grown moringa tree with flowers and leaves (West Bengal)
    Branch of a fully grown moringa tree with flowers and leaves (West Bengal)
  • Flowers of M. oleifera on a morning
    Flowers of M. oleifera on a morning
  • Dry open moringa pod on the ground showing winged seeds (Hawaii)
    Dry open moringa pod on the ground showing winged seeds (Hawaii)



Gbanvɛɛnsa

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 "Moringa oleifera (horseradish tree)". Climate Action Business Incubator (CABI). 17 December 2019. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 "Moringa oleifera". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 11 December 2017.
  3. ↑ Serafico, M.E.; Perlas, L.A.; Magsadia, C.R.; et al. (2017). "Efficacy ofMalunggay(Moringa oleifera) leaves in improving the iron and vitamins A and B status of Filipino schoolchildren". Acta Horticulturae (1158): 293–302. doi:10.17660/actahortic.2017.1158.33. ISSN 0567-7572.
  4. ↑ Kalibbala, H. M.; Wahlberg, O.; Hawumba, T. J. (1 December 2009). "The impact of Moringa oleifera as a coagulant aid on the removal of trihalomethane (THM) precursors and iron from drinking water". Water Science and Technology: Water Supply. 9 (6): 707–714. doi:10.2166/ws.2009.671.
  5. ↑ Kalibbala, Herbert Mpagi (2012). Removal of natural organic matter and control of trihalomethanes formation in water treatment. Stockholm: Architecture and the Built Environment, KTH Royal Institute of Technology. ISBN 9789175013237. OCLC 939795543.
  6. ↑ "Horseradish tree". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 25 April 2015.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 Parotta, John A. (1993). "Moringa oleifera Lam. Reseda, horseradish tree. Moringaceae. Horseradish tree family" (PDF). USDA Forest Service, International Institute of Tropical Forestry. Retrieved 20 November 2013.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 "Moringa oleifera". Flora of Australia Online. Department of the Environment and Heritage, Australian Government.
  9. ↑ Lamarck, Jean-Baptiste (1785). Encyclopédie méthodique. Botanique. Vol. 1. Paris: Panckoucke; Plomteux. p. 398.
  10. ↑ Olson, Mark E. (2002). "Combining Data from DNA Sequences and Morphology for a Phylogeny of Moringaceae (Brassicales)" (PDF). Systematic Botany. 27 (1): 55–73.
  11. ↑ Olson, Mark E (2010). Moringaceae Martinov; Drumstick Tree Family; In: Flora of North America, North of Mexico, Volume 7: Magnoliophyta: Dilleniidae, Part 2. Oxford University Press. p. 168. ISBN 978-0195318227.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 "Moringa oleifera". Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. Retrieved 27 February 2014.
  13. ↑ Asare, GA; Nyarko, A (2012). "Toxicity potentials of the nutraceutical Moringa oleifera at supra-supplementation levels". Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 139 (1): 265–272. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2011.11.009. PMID 22101359.
  14. ↑ Lim, TK (2012). "Moringa oleifera". Edible Medicinal And Non Medicinal Plants. Vol. 3, Fruits. Springer Netherlands. pp. 453–485. ISBN 978-94-007-2534-8.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 United States Food and Drug Administration (2024). "Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels". FDA. Archived from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 28 March 2024.
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 "TABLE 4-7 Comparison of Potassium Adequate Intakes Established in This Report to Potassium Adequate Intakes Established in the 2005 DRI Report" P. 120 In: Stallings, Virginia A.; Harrison, Meghan; Oria, Maria, eds. (2019). "Potassium: Dietary Reference Intakes for Adequacy".Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium. pp. 101–124.doi:10.17226/25353. ISBN 978-0-309-48834-1. PMID 30844154. NCBI NBK545428.
  17. ↑ "Horseradish-tree, leafy tips, cooked, boiled, drained, without salt". Nutritiondata.com. Condé Nast. 2012. Retrieved 6 May 2013.
  18. ↑ Peter, K.V. (2008). Underutilized and Underexploited Horticultural Crops:, Volume 4. New India Publishing. p. 112. ISBN 978-81-89422-90-5
  19. ↑ Olson, M. E.; Carlquist, S. (2001). "Stem and root anatomical correlations with life form diversity, ecology, and systematics in Moringa (Moringaceae)". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 135 (4): 315–348. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2001.tb00786.x.
  20. ↑ Leone A, Spada A, Battezzati A, Schiraldi A, Aristil J, Bertoli S (June 2015). "Cultivation, Genetic, Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Moringa oleifera Leaves: An Overview". Int J Mol Sci. 16 (6): 12791–835. doi:10.3390/ijms160612791. PMC 4490473. PMID 26057747.
  21. ↑ Holmes RP, Kennedy M (April 2000). "Estimation of the oxalate content of foods and daily oxalate intake". Kidney Int. 57 (4): 1662–7. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1755.2000.00010.x. PMID 10760101.
  22. ↑ Csurhes S, Navie S (2016). "Horseradish tree" (PDF). Invasive Plant Risk Assessment, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Page 16, Queensland Government. Retrieved 15 April 2024.
  23. ↑ National Research Council (27 October 2006). "Moringa". Lost Crops of Africa: Volume II: Vegetables. Vol. 2. National Academies Press. ISBN 978-0-309-10333-6. Retrieved 15 July 2008.
  24. ↑ Makkar HP, Francis G, Becker K (2007). "Bioactivity of phytochemicals in some lesser-known plants and their effects and potential applications in livestock and aquaculture production systems". Animal. 1 (9): 1371–91. Bibcode:2007Anim....1.1371M. doi:10.1017/S1751731107000298. PMID 22444893.
  25. ↑ Mahajan SG, Mali RG, Mehta AA (2007). "Protective effect of ethanolic extract of seeds of Moringa oleifera Lam. against inflammation associated with development of arthritis in rats". J Immunotoxicol. 4 (1): 39–47. doi:10.1080/15476910601115184. PMID 18958711.
  26. ↑ "Traditional crops: Moringa". Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 2021. Archived from the original on 19 April 2015. Retrieved 12 April 2021.
  27. ↑ Torondel, B.; Opare, D.; Brandberg, B.; Cobb, E.; Cairncross, S. (2014). "Efficacy of Moringa oleifera leaf powder as a hand- washing product: A crossover controlled study among healthy volunteers". BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 14: 57. doi:10.1186/1472-6882-14-57. PMC 3930822. PMID 24528477.
  28. ↑ Gold, Moritz; Dayer, Pauline; Faye, Marie Christine Amie Sene; Clair, Guillaume; Seck, Alsane; Niang, Seydou; Morgenroth, Eberhard; Strande, Linda (18 April 2016). "Locally produced natural conditioners for dewatering of faecal sludge". Environmental Technology. 37 (21): 2802–2814. Bibcode:2016EnvTe..37.2802G. doi:10.1080/09593330.2016.1165293. PMC 5020332. PMID 26984372.
  29. ↑ Ndabigengesere, Anselme; Narasiah, K.Subba; Talbot, Brian G. (February 1995). "Active agents and mechanism of coagulation of turbid waters using Moringa oleifera". Water Research. 29 (2): 703–710. Bibcode:1995WatRe..29..703N. doi:10.1016/0043-1354(94)00161-Y.
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 Hellsing, Maja S.; Kwaambwa, Habauka M.; Nermark, Fiona M.; Nkoane, Bonang B.M.; Jackson, Andrew J.; Wasbrough, Matthew J.; Berts, Ida; Porcar, Lionel; Rennie, Adrian R. (2013). "Structure of flocs of latex particles formed by addition of protein from Moringa seeds". Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects. 460: 460–467. doi:10.1016/j.colsurfa.2013.11.038.
  31. ↑ Ghebremichael, K. A.; Gunaratna, K. R.; Henriksson, H; Brumer, H; Dalhammar, G (2005). "A simple purification and activity assay of the coagulant protein from Moringa oleifera seed". Water Res. 39 (11): 2338–44. Bibcode:2005WatRe..39.2338G. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2005.04.012. PMID 15921719.
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