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Zaŋgbeduan

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Zaŋgbeduan
taxon
Subclass ofuseful plant, tree Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Has usevegetable, medicinal plant, medication Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Short nameM. oleifera Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Taxon nameMoringa oleifera, Moringa oleifera Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Taxon rankspecies Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Parent taxonMoringa Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Taxon common namehorseradishtree, 辣木, 辣木 Dɛmisim gbɛlima
This taxon is source ofben oil, Moringa oleifera extract, Moringa oleifera fruit, Moringa oleifera seed Dɛmisim gbɛlima
IUCN conservation statusLC Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Country of originIndia Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Described at URLhttps://jardinage.lemonde.fr/dossier-1371-moringa-oleifera-arbre-vie.html Dɛmisim gbɛlima
External data available at URLhttps://www.gbif.org/dataset/93725bf2-6ada-47f9-bd5e-0e679e3d245e Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Has characteristicmedicinal plant Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Taxon rangeTibet Autonomous Region, Guangdong, Myanmar Dɛmisim gbɛlima
GRIN URLhttps://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=24597 Dɛmisim gbɛlima

Zaŋgbeduan ka sieba buon ye na'asaaduan, Wina'am tiig la anɛ Na'asaa dʋan bɛɛ zaŋgbɛdʋan dinɛ ka ba buon ye Moringa oleifera anɛ tiig kanɛ pʋ yʋʋgida ka nɔbigid tɔ'ɔtɔ , di anɛ tiig kanɛ pʋ zɔt wakkɔ ka pɛ'ɛs  Moringaceae buudi la ni. Di kae saan nɛ India dim banɛ bɛ north la. Ka Asia dim banɛ bɛ south nɛ southeast la mɔri li tʋm hali.[1] yʋda banɛ ka ba yiti mɔri buonɛ ba anɛ,  moringa,[2] drumstick tiig [2] (din yi di wa'alimɛn la sig  na paae di yadigirin la nɛ di wala ni.), horseradish tree[2] (din yi di nya'a la ni, din nwɛnɛ  horseradish la), bɛɛ malunggay (wʋʋ ban mi'i li ye maritime bɛɛ archipelagic zin'is banɛ bɛ Asia la).[3]

Ba kuodi nɛ babir bɛdigʋ li biili la nɛ li vaand la yɛla, ba mɔri maan zɛɛnd nɛ tima. Li mɛ lɛm mɔri yessir di'ad kuom ni.[4][5]

Pa'alʋg

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]
Moringa flowers
Moringa pollen
Tree and seed pods of Moringa oleifera
Moringa seeds
Foliage of Moringa oleifera

M. oleifera tiig la anɛ ti kanɛ nɔbigid tɔ'ɔtɔ hali ka o vaand mɛ sʋʋgid tɔ'ɔtɔ.[6] o wa'ali tun'e paae 10–12 m (33–39 ft) ka o til la yalʋŋ anɛ diameter of 46 cm (18 in).[7] O pak la sin'im anɛ piel nwɛni tampɛgilim sin'im nɛ ka li libil nɛ pak kpi'ɛʋŋ. Ba bʋmbaanlʋg la ɛɛnti bʋsid vaand ka li sin'im an purplish bɛɛ greenish-white, hairy bark. Ti Kaŋa zʋgin la yɔ'ɔgnɛ, ka o wila la pʋ kpi'ima, ka o vaand la mɛɛdi agɔla ka mɔr tripinnate vaand.

Di puum la anɛ fragrant nɛ hermaphroditic, gilig nɛ thinly veined, yellowish-white petals. di puum la wa'alim na an 1-1.5cm (3⁄8–5⁄8 in) nɛ 2cm 2 cm (3⁄4 in) aan di yalʋŋ. Di biidnɛ tilkanɛ mɔr zuobid, o anɛ ti kanɛ sʋʋgidi o puum basid, o til la wa'alim anɛ 10–25 cm (4–10 in).[7]

Fʋ ya'a budʋ nwadisi ayuobu la ka o sin'iŋ puum. Dinɛ pɛɛsi ayi anɛ ye ba ya'a bɛ teŋ kanɛ ka waad bɛ ba puudnɛ yimmʋ yʋʋm wsa puugin, saŋa kanɛ ka saa niid nɛ saŋa kanɛ an ʋʋn bɛ (Northern Hemisphere Vaala Nwadig la nɛ Sigir Nwadig la teŋsʋk, Southern HemisphereOctober nɛ Samampiid Nwadig la teŋsʋk). Teŋkanɛ ka saa niib an sʋ'ʋŋa ka waad la mɛ sial tiig kaŋa tun'e puu nɔɔr ayi yʋʋm ls puugin.[7]

Di wɛla la yulnɛ zin'is atan' kpi'ie nɛ taaba, an wilim-wilim ka li wa'alim la an 20–45 cm (8–17+1⁄2 in) zan biil sabila dinɛ an wilim-wilim la ka li diameter an 1 cm. Li biili la mɔ busieba wɛni gbana nɛ ka sisiem nɛ kuom na tun'e mɔri keŋ teŋ lalli.[7]

Li kuob anɛ nwa', ba ɛɛnti kia ba nɛ yʋʋm wʋsa ka basi li wa'alim la ka li an 1–2 m (3.3–6.6 ft) ka bas ka li lɛm bus ya'as, wala ka li wɛla la na nɛ li biili la nu'us na nyaŋi paae.[7]

Takzonami

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

French botanist François Alexandre Pierre de Garsault da pa'al ye tiig kaŋa anɛ Balanus myrepsica amaa yʋ'ʋbanɛ ka o da tis la ba da pʋsiaki li ye li an sʋm, ka li anɛ ye da pʋ pa'an ka li dɔl binomial yʋda tisib wadaa.[8]

French naturalist Jean-Baptiste Lamarck mɛ da pa'al tiig la yɛla bɛ yʋʋm tusir, kɔbisyɔpɔi nɛ pisnii n anu (1785) la ni.[9] O da nɔknɛ morphology nɛ DNA pa'al ye M. oleifera wɛni M. concanensis, ka fʋ ya'a gɔs ti bama ayi la keŋ wɛn taaba siem la, di yitnɛ of M. peregrina tiis buudi la ni na.[10]

Ɛtimologi

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Tiig la yʋ'ʋr Moringa la yini Tamil pian'adin na dinɛ an murungai la, di gbin anɛ "wɛla banɛ wɛɛnlim taaba", wɛl paala la.[11] Li yʋ'ʋr mɛŋir oleifera la yini Latin dim pian'adin oleum "kpaam" nɛferre "ban na wɛl".[8]

Tiig la mɔr yʋda kɔn'ɔb-kɔn'ɔb bɛdigʋ bɛ teens bɛdigʋ ni zin'is banɛ ka ba kuodi li, nɛ drumstick tiig, horseradish tiig bɛɛ giŋa anɛ moringa ka ba mɔri buon naasaalin la.[1][2]

Ɛkologi

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Moringa tiig la wiim pʋ gban'e o zin'ig kanɛ wʋsa kanɛ ka o bɛɛ. India ka ti nyɛt ka bʋmvʋya bɛdigʋ bɛɛ li ni pɛɛs nɛ zʋŋzʋnya banɛ dit tiis tila la, zʋŋzʋnya banɛ mɔr zuobid la bɛɛ vaandin zʋŋzʋnya. Budworms yit Noctuidae mɔri wiim pamm kenna san'amid tiig la puum. Nɛ bani nami san'amid tiig la anɛ aphids, bama vudnɛ tila la, nɛ wɛla pʋmpɔɔs.Teŋ sieba ni sibignam mɛ tun'e mɔr san'aʋŋ bibisnami kenna. sibi la ya'a zuoe ba teŋin la, bʋŋvʋya gu'ub kaae na'anaa.[7]

Zaŋgbeduan la mɔr Leveillula taurica, dinɛ an zɔ'ɔm mildew, ka li san'amid papaya tiis bɛ south India. Dinɛ mɛ lɛm pɛɛs anɛ, zunzunya banɛ an snout moth Noorda blitealis la didnɛ ba vaand la ka tun'e san'am vaand la wʋsa.

Ye Ti Bɛ'ɛd

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

La'am nɛ bam nɔk o paas ti banɛ an ti bɛ'ɛdnam tɛɛns bɛdigʋ la, zin'ig yinne sia pia'a zaŋgbeduan (M. oleifera) ye "tiig la pʋ sa'amid ti sieba ka sʋ'ʋg zin'ig la" dinzugɔ "di nar ka ba gɔs ka o an tiig kanɛ an sʋm ka ba na kuod o ka o pʋ sa'amid la'adɛ."[1]

Zɛɛnsim

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Tiig la zɛɛnsim ninsaal nigbina ni pa'alʋg pɔɔdnɛ, di ɔm bɛ ye lab dim zamisʋg pʋʋgin pa'al ye tiig la zin'i sieba, o paʋk, nyan'a bɛɛ ba zin'isieba tun'e mɔr daaʋŋ fʋ ya'a dii li bɛdig.[12] Zangbeduan mɔr zɛɛnsim f ya'a dii li ka li tʋʋg 3,000mg/kg ningbina tɛbisim, ka an sʋm fʋ ya'a dii li ka li pʋ paae 1000mg/kg.[13] zangbeduan tun'e daam ti nuudim kanɛka bas ti sibiti ni dinɛ an cytochrome P450 (la'am nɛ CYP3A4) ka na tun'e mɔr antihyperglycemic mɔe daaʋŋ tis sitagliptin.[12]

Tʋʋma

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Zaŋgbeduan mɔr tʋʋma bɛdigʋ ka ba mɔri dʋgʋt dunia wʋsa. Tiig la luobanɛ ka bad it anɛ viand la wʋsa (viand, wila, tila) dinɛ pʋ biꞌigɛ, walbanɛ an dɛnꞌɛn la bɛɛ bielim la, di puum la nɛ bielpɔla nɛ nyaꞌa la wʋsa.[14]

Moringa oleifera leaf, raw
Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)
Energy 64 kcal (270 kJ)
Carbohydrates 8.28 g
Dietary fiber 2.0 g
Fat 1.40 g
Protein 9.40 g
show

Vitamins and minerals

Other constituents Quantity
Kuom 78.66 g
†Percentages estimated using US recommendations for adults,[15] except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from the National Academies.[16]

Malisim

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]
M. oleifera pods, raw
Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)
Energy 37 kcal (150 kJ)
Carbohydrates 8.53 g
Dietary fiber 3.2 g
Fat 0.20 g
Protein 2.10 g
show

Vitamins and minerals

Other constituents Quantity
Kuom 88.20 g
†Percentages estimated using US recommendations for adults,[15] except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from the National Academies.[16]

Zaŋgbeduan luabanɛ ka ba dit:[1]

Bielpɔla la

Vaand

Bielbanɛ biꞌig

Kpaamkanɛ yi bielim la ni

Puum

Nyaꞌa

Zaŋgbeduan vankanɛ an 100 g (about 5 cups) la bɛ teebul kanɛ digi teŋir la (USDA data).

Vaand la an luokanɛ malisi gaad tiig la luos wʋsa, din mɔr B vitamins, vitamin C, provitamin A as beta-carotene, vitamin K, manganese, nɛ protein la zug.[17][18] Calcium dinɛ bɛ moringa vaandin la sieba anɛ dinɛ ka ba buon ye crystals of calcium oxalate.[19] Oxalate tunꞌe naan 430 paae 1050 mg/100g,[20] fʋ yaꞌa maki di nɛ oxalate dinɛ bɛ spinach ni la (750 mg/100g).[21]

Siind Maalʋg

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Department of Agriculture and Fisheries (Queensland) lʋgir la paꞌal ye zaŋgbeduan la an sʋm ka mɔr tʋʋm paam bɛ siind maalʋg ni bɔzugo di ked k aba paamid siind bɛdigʋ yʋʋm wʋsa.[22]

Di Tʋʋm Sieba Banɛ Bɛ

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Teŋtitara ni, zaŋgbeduan la mɔri sʋŋid diib malisim, gɔsid diib, sʋŋid ka teŋpʋʋg nɔbigid, ka sʋŋid teŋ la maalʋg.[1][23] Di tunꞌe nɔki ma bʋŋkɔbid yaama, diib kuomalisiŋ, winaꞌam maalʋg anthelmintic, nɛ adjuvant.[24][25]

Zaŋgbeduan la mɔri sʋŋidi gɔsid malnutrition yɛla, di kas-kas anɛ bi fiinsa nɛ puab banɛ muꞌasid biis.[1] zaŋgbeduan la saligim gɔsid arid nɛ semiarid environments yɛla, di tunꞌe bɛ sʋŋid diib malisim yɛla yʋʋm la wʋsa bɛ teens kɔnꞌɔb-kɔnꞌɔb bedigʋ.[26] Duniya 140 mɔr zaŋgbeduan la tʋm tʋʋma, di kuobsʋŋidi yisid dinɛ an malnutrition, kuom ka nɛ an yain, ka kpa dʋgidim.[1]

Zaŋgbeduan(Moringa oleifera) vaanzɔꞌɔm la anɛ kiꞌib kanɛ sʋm nɛ nuꞌus piesʋg di yaꞌa dɛŋim wʋꞌʋl di ke ka antiseptic nɛ detergent yi phytochemicals bɛ viand la ni.[27] Zaŋgbeduan(Moringa oleifera) biili la nɛ  press cake la ba maali di nɛ ka li an wasterwater ka li yisid kuom kanɛ bɛ binin la.[28]

Zaŋgbeduan la biili la ba ɛɛnti diin li nɛ maal kpaam, dinɛ ka ba mɔri ket ka kuom an yain ka nidib nuut.[29][30] Zaŋgbeduan biili la mɔri dimeric cationic proteins,[31] ka li sʋŋidi yisid ka pieɛd diꞌad kanɛ wʋsa dinɛ bɛ turbid water la ni, ka ket ka saꞌadnam la wʋsa laꞌas taaba, ka li sʋŋ ka saꞌad banɛ puki agɔla la nyaŋi yis saꞌad la bas fʋ tunꞌe siligi li bɛɛ yuuoe li. Zaŋgbeduan biili mɔri yisid diꞌad nɛ saꞌad dinɛ bɛ kuomin. Di an sʋm k aba mɔri yisid diꞌadnam bɛ kuonuudim pʋʋgin gat laꞌad sieba teŋbanɛ ka ba kuod zaŋgbeduan ka ba kuomnam sanꞌam.[30]

Footonam

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]



Gbanvɛɛnsa

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]
  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Moringa oleifera (horseradish tree)". Climate Action Business Incubator (CABI). 17 December 2019. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
  2. 1 2 3 4 "Moringa oleifera". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 11 December 2017.
  3. ↑ Serafico, M.E.; Perlas, L.A.; Magsadia, C.R.; et al. (2017). "Efficacy ofMalunggay(Moringa oleifera) leaves in improving the iron and vitamins A and B status of Filipino schoolchildren". Acta Horticulturae (1158): 293–302. doi:10.17660/actahortic.2017.1158.33. ISSN 0567-7572.
  4. ↑ Kalibbala, H. M.; Wahlberg, O.; Hawumba, T. J. (1 December 2009). "The impact of Moringa oleifera as a coagulant aid on the removal of trihalomethane (THM) precursors and iron from drinking water". Water Science and Technology: Water Supply. 9 (6): 707–714. doi:10.2166/ws.2009.671.
  5. ↑ Kalibbala, Herbert Mpagi (2012). Removal of natural organic matter and control of trihalomethanes formation in water treatment. Stockholm: Architecture and the Built Environment, KTH Royal Institute of Technology. ISBN 9789175013237. OCLC 939795543.
  6. ↑ "Horseradish tree". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 25 April 2015.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Parotta, John A. (1993). "Moringa oleifera Lam. Reseda, horseradish tree. Moringaceae. Horseradish tree family" (PDF). USDA Forest Service, International Institute of Tropical Forestry. Retrieved 20 November 2013.
  8. 1 2 "Moringa oleifera". Flora of Australia Online. Department of the Environment and Heritage, Australian Government.
  9. ↑ Lamarck, Jean-Baptiste (1785). Encyclopédie méthodique. Botanique. Vol. 1. Paris: Panckoucke; Plomteux. p. 398.
  10. ↑ Olson, Mark E. (2002). "Combining Data from DNA Sequences and Morphology for a Phylogeny of Moringaceae (Brassicales)" (PDF). Systematic Botany. 27 (1): 55–73.
  11. ↑ Olson, Mark E (2010). Moringaceae Martinov; Drumstick Tree Family; In: Flora of North America, North of Mexico, Volume 7: Magnoliophyta: Dilleniidae, Part 2. Oxford University Press. p. 168. ISBN 978-0195318227.
  12. 1 2 "Moringa oleifera". Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. Retrieved 27 February 2014.
  13. ↑ Asare, GA; Nyarko, A (2012). "Toxicity potentials of the nutraceutical Moringa oleifera at supra-supplementation levels". Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 139 (1): 265–272. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2011.11.009. PMID 22101359.
  14. ↑ Lim, TK (2012). "Moringa oleifera". Edible Medicinal And Non Medicinal Plants. Vol. 3, Fruits. Springer Netherlands. pp. 453–485. ISBN 978-94-007-2534-8.
  15. 1 2 United States Food and Drug Administration (2024). "Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels". FDA. Archived from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 28 March 2024.
  16. 1 2 "TABLE 4-7 Comparison of Potassium Adequate Intakes Established in This Report to Potassium Adequate Intakes Established in the 2005 DRI Report" P. 120 In: Stallings, Virginia A.; Harrison, Meghan; Oria, Maria, eds. (2019). "Potassium: Dietary Reference Intakes for Adequacy".Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium. pp. 101–124.doi:10.17226/25353. ISBN 978-0-309-48834-1. PMID 30844154. NCBI NBK545428.
  17. ↑ "Horseradish-tree, leafy tips, cooked, boiled, drained, without salt". Nutritiondata.com. Condé Nast. 2012. Retrieved 6 May 2013.
  18. ↑ Peter, K.V. (2008). Underutilized and Underexploited Horticultural Crops:, Volume 4. New India Publishing. p. 112. ISBN 978-81-89422-90-5
  19. ↑ Olson, M. E.; Carlquist, S. (2001). "Stem and root anatomical correlations with life form diversity, ecology, and systematics in Moringa (Moringaceae)". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 135 (4): 315–348. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2001.tb00786.x.
  20. ↑ Leone A, Spada A, Battezzati A, Schiraldi A, Aristil J, Bertoli S (June 2015). "Cultivation, Genetic, Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Moringa oleifera Leaves: An Overview". Int J Mol Sci. 16 (6): 12791–835. doi:10.3390/ijms160612791. PMC 4490473. PMID 26057747.
  21. ↑ Holmes RP, Kennedy M (April 2000). "Estimation of the oxalate content of foods and daily oxalate intake". Kidney Int. 57 (4): 1662–7. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1755.2000.00010.x. PMID 10760101.
  22. ↑ Csurhes S, Navie S (2016). "Horseradish tree" (PDF). Invasive Plant Risk Assessment, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Page 16, Queensland Government. Retrieved 15 April 2024.
  23. ↑ National Research Council (27 October 2006). "Moringa". Lost Crops of Africa: Volume II: Vegetables. Vol. 2. National Academies Press. ISBN 978-0-309-10333-6. Retrieved 15 July 2008.
  24. ↑ Makkar HP, Francis G, Becker K (2007). "Bioactivity of phytochemicals in some lesser-known plants and their effects and potential applications in livestock and aquaculture production systems". Animal. 1 (9): 1371–91. Bibcode:2007Anim....1.1371M. doi:10.1017/S1751731107000298. PMID 22444893.
  25. ↑ Mahajan SG, Mali RG, Mehta AA (2007). "Protective effect of ethanolic extract of seeds of Moringa oleifera Lam. against inflammation associated with development of arthritis in rats". J Immunotoxicol. 4 (1): 39–47. doi:10.1080/15476910601115184. PMID 18958711.
  26. ↑ "Traditional crops: Moringa". Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 2021. Archived from the original on 19 April 2015. Retrieved 12 April 2021.
  27. ↑ Torondel, B.; Opare, D.; Brandberg, B.; Cobb, E.; Cairncross, S. (2014). "Efficacy of Moringa oleifera leaf powder as a hand- washing product: A crossover controlled study among healthy volunteers". BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 14: 57. doi:10.1186/1472-6882-14-57. PMC 3930822. PMID 24528477.
  28. ↑ Gold, Moritz; Dayer, Pauline; Faye, Marie Christine Amie Sene; Clair, Guillaume; Seck, Alsane; Niang, Seydou; Morgenroth, Eberhard; Strande, Linda (18 April 2016). "Locally produced natural conditioners for dewatering of faecal sludge". Environmental Technology. 37 (21): 2802–2814. Bibcode:2016EnvTe..37.2802G. doi:10.1080/09593330.2016.1165293. PMC 5020332. PMID 26984372.
  29. ↑ Ndabigengesere, Anselme; Narasiah, K.Subba; Talbot, Brian G. (February 1995). "Active agents and mechanism of coagulation of turbid waters using Moringa oleifera". Water Research. 29 (2): 703–710. Bibcode:1995WatRe..29..703N. doi:10.1016/0043-1354(94)00161-Y.
  30. 1 2 Hellsing, Maja S.; Kwaambwa, Habauka M.; Nermark, Fiona M.; Nkoane, Bonang B.M.; Jackson, Andrew J.; Wasbrough, Matthew J.; Berts, Ida; Porcar, Lionel; Rennie, Adrian R. (2013). "Structure of flocs of latex particles formed by addition of protein from Moringa seeds". Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects. 460: 460–467. doi:10.1016/j.colsurfa.2013.11.038.
  31. ↑ Ghebremichael, K. A.; Gunaratna, K. R.; Henriksson, H; Brumer, H; Dalhammar, G (2005). "A simple purification and activity assay of the coagulant protein from Moringa oleifera seed". Water Res. 39 (11): 2338–44. Bibcode:2005WatRe..39.2338G. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2005.04.012. PMID 15921719.
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