Ziim

biogenic substance type, class of anatomical entity, biogenic substance
Subclass of	body fluid, animal product
Part of	circulatory system
Color	red, colorless, green
Studied by	hematology
Produced by	bone marrow
Has characteristic	blood type, blood pressure
NCI Thesaurus ID	C12434
Unicode character	🩸

Ziim anɛ niŋgbiʋŋ kuꞌokanɛ bɛ circulatory system humans ni, nɛ vertebrates, ninsaalib bɛɛ bʋnvʋ sieba niŋgbiʋŋin pobidi giligid, ka tisid cells la, niŋgbina la nutrients nɛ oxegen, laꞌad woo diib nɛ pɛbsim ka lɛn ziid laꞌabɛꞌɛd nami yisid cells la, niŋgbiʋŋ kan la ni.^[1]

Ziim anɛ niŋgbina bɛ blood plasma, ziim kanɛ pʋ mɔr siꞌim la pʋʋgin. Plasma, an ziim kanɛ pʋ mɔr siꞌim la anɛ 55% zi-kuꞌom, ka li titaꞌam an water, kuꞌom (ka zɛm nɛ 92% volume).^[2] Ka mɔri protein, glucose, mineral ions nɛ hormones niŋgbiŋin la. Niŋgbina laꞌad la bɛ ziimin la siꞌim anɛ red blood cells, zi-zɛnꞌɛug (erythrocytes), zi-pielig (leukocytes), ka bʋnvʋya banɛ (duꞌadi ba biis) ni an platelets (thrombocyte)^[3]

Zi-vʋya piela

zi-zɛnꞌɛug la zuꞌoe hali.^[4] Bama mɔr nɛ hemoglobin li pʋʋgin. Ka li sʋŋid nɛ ziid pɛbisim giligid niŋgbiŋ la wʋsa, ka paasidi li solubility,^[5] buor sʋŋa. ziim bʋnvʋr banɛ zuꞌoe anɛ ziim bʋnvʋr zɛn'ug la nɛ ziim bʋnvʋ pielig, Jawed vertebrates mɔri niŋgbinna bʋn gu'uda, adaptive immune system Ka white blood cells, ziim bʋnvʋ piela la la mɔri li. Ziim bʋnvʋpiela la sʋŋidi zabid gʋꞌʋd bʋnvʋbanɛ kɛt ka banꞌas gban'ad niŋgbiŋ la yisid. platelets an sʋm hali tis ziim kɔɔb, ziim gbisib zin'igin.

Ziim giinlia la kɛt ka ziim paad niŋgbiʋŋ la wʋsa, heart, sunsuf la yaꞌ pɔm ziim la yis. Bʋnkɔnbid banɛ mɔri lungs, sɔnfulinfuud nii arterial ziim la ziid oxegen, pɛbisim kanɛ vʋꞌʋsi kpɛnꞌɛs la mɔri paad niŋgbiŋin la ka venous ziim ziid carbon dioxide pɛbis bɛꞌɛd kanɛ naam nɛ niŋgbiŋ la metabolism tʋʋma ni, zaŋi tis sɔnfulinfuud la ka li vʋꞌʋsi yis. Ziim anɛ zian fiim li hemoglobin, zi-zɛnꞌɛug la yaꞌ mɔri oxegen ka an sabil-zian oxegen yaꞌ kaꞌ li ni. Deoxegenated.^[6] ^[7]

laafi pian zut banɛ dɔlisid nɛ ziim yɛla titaꞌam pinꞌini nɛ hemo-, hemato-, haemo or haemoto- ka li yi nɛ Greek pianꞌad kaŋa…(haima) ka lin an “ziim”. Anatomy, nɛ histology pian zuti nɛɛ, ziim anɛ woo connective tissue,^[8] niŋgbina buudi yiuŋ banɛ tunꞌoe tɔꞌɔŋ taaba ka bɛnɛ kɔnbani n aka nwi- baanlis laꞌam bɛ li ni an woo fibrinogen.

Ziim tʋmmɛ tisid niŋgbiʋŋ la hali zinꞌis kɔnꞌɔb-kɔnꞌɔb ni, lin tʋm siꞌem sieba anɛ:

Li tisid niŋgbina la pɛbisim, oxygen (ka li anɛ hemoglobin bɛ niŋgbiʋŋ zɛnꞌugin).

Tisid niŋgbiʋŋ la diib bɔꞌɔg woo glucose, amino acids and fatty acids (linɛ buoe ziimin bɛɛ plasma protein ni (blood lipids)).

Li yisid laꞌabɛꞌɛd nam niŋgbiʋŋin la, woo carbon dioxide, nɛ lactic acid.

Niŋgbiʋŋ bɛ laafi tʋʋma ni, laꞌam nɛ white blood cells, zi-zɛnꞌɛug giligid siꞌem, nɛ antibodies na baŋ bʋn sauŋ niŋgbiʋŋ la zinꞌigin.

Coagulation, li tiebid ziim giinl, li yaꞌ paam dɛŋ, li kɛt ka zi-kuod liebid ganꞌalʋg ka li sʋŋi guoe ziim kpaꞌar niŋgbiʋŋin la.

Li diꞌesid tʋʋma tɔlisid, laꞌam nɛ a zaŋ hormones n tɔlis, ka lɛn paꞌan niŋgbiʋŋ la lua bɛɛ zinꞌig ka nɛ mɔri dɛŋ.

Linɛ sʋꞌoe ka body temperature, niŋgbiʋŋ la tʋʋlim zɛmis.

Hydraulic, niŋgbiʋŋ la kuom tisib tʋʋma.

Bʋnkɔnbid bɛllimin

Fʋ mɛ tunꞌe gɔs: Gbamvɛɛnsa linɛ paꞌan ziimnam kpanꞌasib nam

Ziim tɛbisim niŋgbiʋŋ la ni kanl kɔbiga pʋʋgin na nwɛn wʋʋ 7%,^[9]^[10] ka li tɛbisim nɛ li paalʋ bɛn niŋgbiʋŋ la na wʋʋ 1060 kg/m3, li liꞌelnɛ hali wʋʋ kuꞌokanɛ an kasi paꞌan tɛbisim nɛ paalʋ bɛn linɛ an 1000kg/m3 ^[11]. Kpɛɛmnam ziim bɛn tunꞌe mɔr w tɛbisim nɛ li paalʋ bɛn wʋʋ 5 litrees (11 us pt) or 1.3 galam nam^[10] linɛ an plasma la ka kɛ naamid ziim laꞌad la. Ziim laꞌad banɛ naam la paꞌan ziim gʋn-gʋn bɛɛ li buudi linɛ an zi-pielig (leukocytes), nɛ ziim giinla linɛ an fragments ka ba buon ye platelets la^[12] nɛ linɛ an ziim yiib sʋŋʋr. Li paalʋ bɛn, zi-wiig la paalʋ bɛn na an wʋʋ 45% ziim la wʋsa pʋʋgin, ka plasma mɛ an wʋʋ 54.3%, ka ziim pielʋg la paalʋ bɛn mɛ na an wʋʋ 0.7%.

Ziim wʋsa (plasma nɛ zi-vʋya) pʋ tʋm ku'opaala ti'asʋg tʋʋma

Zi-vʋya

Labaar linɛ bɛ tuon: ziim kanl bɛn

Zigal fiin yinnɛ maꞌa tunꞌe mɔr wʋʋ:

·4.7 ti paae 6.1 million (dau). 4.2 ti paae 5.4 million (puꞌa) erythrocytes:^[13] Zi-zɛnꞌɛug la mɔri ziim la hemoglobin ka pʋdigid oxegen. Zi-zɛnꞌɛug kanɛ yuug pʋ mɔri nucleus nɛ organelles bʋnvʋ banɛ duadi ba biisɛ. Zi-zɛnꞌɛug la (laꞌam nɛ endothelial giinla nɛ laꞌasieba mɛ paꞌal ye glycoproteins bɛɛ li ni, kanɛ paꞌan blood types, ziim buudi wʋsa. Ziim la makir kanɛ ka zi-zɛnꞌɛug bɛ la buonɛ hematocrit, ka zɛm nɛ 45%. Ninsaal niŋgbiʋŋ makir bɛn kanɛ ka zi-zɛnꞌɛug bɛ la zɛmi nɛ woo mɔɔrim 2,000, li zuꞌoe zɛmi nɛ exterior surface, niŋgbiʋŋ la wʋsa.^[14]

.4000-11,000 leukocytes:^[15] zi-pielig paas nɛ niŋgbiʋŋ la immune system, laafi bɛllim yɛla. Ba saꞌam mɛ ka yisid niŋgbina banɛ kʋdig la, bɛɛ banɛ pʋ bɛɛ ba bɛllim zinꞌiginɛ, ka saꞌam (pathogens) linɛ na mɔr wiim na tis niŋgbiʋŋ la, nɛ laꞌabanɛ pʋ sʋm ye li bɛ niŋgbiʋŋin la. Leukocytes cancer la buonɛ leukemia.

200,000-500,000 thrombocytes:^[15] ka mɛ buon platelets la, ba mɛ paas ziim gbisib, (coagulation) tʋʋma la ni. Fibrin nɛ yi ziim gbisibin la, ni maanɛ mesh ka li lus platelet plug la zugin.

.

Bɛn

Li paalu bɛn

Refs

Hematocrit

Dap anɛ 45 ± 7 (38–52%)

Puꞌab anɛ 42 ± 5 (37–47%)

PH

7.35–7.45

^[16]

base linɛ zuꞌoe tuuoe

−3 to +3

PO2

10–13 kPa (80–100 mm Hg)

PCO2

4.8–5.8 kPa (35–45 mm Hg)

HCO3−

21–27 mM

Oxygen saturation

Oxygenated: 98–99%

Deoxygenated: 75%

Zi-vʋya

Pianꞌazug la mɛŋ: Ziim banɛ vʋe

Woo 55% ziim anɛ blood plasma, ku'or kanɛ ni ka ziim la bɛ,kanɛ ka li mɛŋ siꞌim an dɔnbʋʋlʋm. Blood plasma la zɛmisim wʋsa anɛ 2.7-3.0 liters (2.8-3.2 quarts) saal wʋsa ni. Li anɛ aqueous kuod kanɛ mɔri kuom 92%, plasma proteins 8% nɛ laꞌasieba mɛn yaꞌas. Plasma ziid diibi giligid niŋgbiʋŋ la ni, diban anɛ glucose, amino acids nɛ fatty acids (kanɛ buoe ziimin bɛɛ n bɛ plasma protein ni), ka yisid laꞌabɛꞌɛdnamɛ woo carbon dioxide, urea, nɛ lactic acid.

Laꞌabanɛ lɛn paasi an nimua anɛ:

1. Serum albumin

2. Gbisib (li kɛt ka ziim gbisid, coagulation)

3 li guꞌud niŋgbiʋŋ la banꞌasin (antibodies)

4. . lipoprotein tʋʋma

5. li mɔr proteins buudi bɛdigʋ

6. . electrolytes buudi bɛdigʋ ( ba titaꞌam anɛ sodium nɛ chloride)

Pian zug, serum la gbin anɛ plasma kanɛ yi protein gbisib ni. Protein kanɛ kplim la titaꞌam anɛ albumin nɛ immunoglobulins.

Zɛɛm

Ziim, blood PH maalɛye li ziꞌe 7.35 ken paae 7.45 bɛn, kɛt ka li zɛmis nɛ basic (compensation).^[17]^[18] Kuod sieba banɛ bɛ ziimin ka mɔri PH ka li pʋ paae 7.35 mɔrɛ miꞌisim, acidic galis, ka ziim PH kanɛ 7.45 mɛ ^[16]pʋ mɔri paŋa, basic.^[16] PH kanɛ pʋ paae 6.9 bɛɛ gaad 7.8 mɔri lethal saŋa wʋsa.^[16] Ziim PH, partial pressure of oxegen (pO), partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO), nɛ bicarbonate (CHO) maalɛ sʋŋa nɛ homeostatic mechanisms nam, kɛt ka vʋꞌʋsim laꞌad zinꞌigin nɛ dʋꞌʋnim laꞌad zinꞌigin ka li zɛmisid miꞌisim la nɛ vʋꞌʋʋsim la kanɛ buon compensation la. Arterial blood gas test ka ba mɔri makidi ba yɛla. Plasma ziid hormones giligid, kɛt ka ka di paad tissue wʋsa. Ziim buudi wʋsa electrolytes reference ranges maanɛ niŋgbiʋŋ zinꞌig wʋsa.

Bʋnvʋya banɛ kaꞌ bʋnkɔnbid la ni bɛllim

Ninsaalib ziim mɛ anɛ yinnɛ nɛ bʋnkɔnbid ziim, amaa ka ba ziim-vʋya nam la kanl, bɛdim, protein bɛllim, nɛ linɛ nami kpɛlim lɛɛ bɛ kɔnꞌɔb-kɔnꞌɔb, bʋnkɔnbid la ni. Li yaꞌa anɛ bʋnvʋya banɛ kaꞌ bʋnkɔnbid la ni bɛllim, kɔnꞌɔb-kɔnꞌɔb bɛ li pʋʋgin hali^[19]

Zi-vʋya wiid linɛ bɛ bʋnvʋya banɛ kaꞌ bʋnkɔnbid la ni la anɛ kpaꞌaa ka pʋ mɔr niŋgbiʋŋ ziꞌesim, ka mɛ pʋ mɔri ba zi-vʋya la ziꞌesimm.

Banɛ taa anɛ kɔnꞌɔb-kɔnꞌɔb n bɛ gʋn-gʋn ka ka ziꞌimis wʋʋ zi-piela bʋnvʋya la; titʋʋnli, wʋʋ linɛ zɛɛm siꞌanam taa bɛ b ani pamm n gaad ninsaalib ni.
Bʋnkɔnbid wʋsa nii, platelets anɛ linɛ bɛ li kɔnꞌɔ nɛ bʋnvʋya banɛ kaꞌ bʋnkɔnbid la; nucleated bʋmbil, zi-vʋya suor linɛ buon ye thrombocytes linɛ tʋm n sʋŋidi gʋꞌʋd ziim kɔɔb.

Niŋgbiʋŋ paalʋ

Ziim-giligir lua

Pianꞌazug: Ziim-giligir lua

Ziim zɔti giligid niŋgbiʋŋ la ka li dɔlnɛ ziim diinla linɛ pɔmpid ziim la n yit sunsunf la ni na. Ninsaalib nii, ziim la ɛɛnti pɔmnɛ yi dagɔbʋg sunsunf la baba n dɔl niŋgbaʋŋ sieba ni yina ka dɔl giinl sieba ni n fɛndigi lɛb sunsunf la datiʋŋ baba. Ani ka li yuꞌun tabili kpɛnꞌ datiʋŋ ventricle la ni ka ani ka li yuꞌun pɔmppii dɔl sɔnfulifuud la ni kpɛnꞌ sɔnfulifuud la ni ka fɛndigi dɔl sɔnfulifuud giinla la ni n lɛb dagɔbʋg dɔɔg la ni. Din nyaꞌaŋ la ziim na lɛn lɛbi kpɛnꞌ dagɔbʋg dɔɔg la baba ka li lɛn siꞌiŋ giligir yaꞌas. Ziim linɛ buon arterial la ziid pɛbisim sʋŋ la yit pɛbisʋŋ linɛ bɛ yiʋŋ n tis niŋgniʋŋ bʋnvʋya wʋsa, ka ziim linɛ buon venous la mɛ ziid pɛbisbɛꞌɛd, laꞌabɛꞌɛdnam banɛ ka bʋnvʋya la naami ba, zii ba kpɛnꞌes sɔnfulifuud la ni ka o vʋꞌʋsi li bas yiʋŋ. Laꞌamnɛ wala, linɛ bɛ li kɔnꞌɔ sunsunf la giinla ni, linɛ mɔr pɛbisbɛꞌɛd-ziim n bɛ niŋgbiʋŋ la ni, amaa ka sɔnfulifuud la giinla lɛɛ mɔr ziim-pɛbisʋŋ. Li mɛ tɔnꞌɔ tuli zɔti lɛbid ka li dɔlnɛ kɔnba ni giinla la ken siꞌem la zug, ba na nyaŋi din giinla la tabil taab ka tus ziim la dɔl linɛ mɔri li tʋm la ni ka li zɔo lɛb datiʋŋ dɔog la baba.

Li anɛ William Harvey Yʋʋma 1628 la ni ka o da pianꞌa bigis ziim kaarʋŋ la yɛla.^[20]

Zi-vʋya naamʋg nɛ li sanꞌamʋg

Li yaꞌa anɛ bʋnvʋya banɛ kaꞌ bʋnkɔnbid la nii, ziim vʋya la naamidnɛ n bɛ kɔnba biim la ni ka lin dɔl suo-siꞌa tʋm la buonnɛ ye hematopoiesis, linɛ paasi li ni anɛ erythropoiesis, linɛ naamid zi-vʋya wiid la; nɛ myelopoiesis, linɛ mɛ naamid zi-vʋya piela la nɛ platelets nam. Biilim saŋa nii, ninsaal kɔnba wʋsa naamidnɛ zi-vʋya wiid la; yaꞌa anɛ kpɛɛmnamma, zi-vʋya wiid la naamʋg pʋ zuꞌogid kɔnba la bɛdigʋ nii: li yaꞌa anɛ bʋnvʋya banɛ kaꞌ bʋnkɔnbid la niŋgbina nii, ba binꞌisa kɔnba la (sternum),

as adults, red blood cell production is limited to the larger bones: the bodies of the vertebrae, the breastbone (sternum), sapidi kɔnba baba la, nyuꞌur tɛŋir baba kɔnba, nɛ kɔnba banɛ bɛ kpɛkpama zug nɛ nɔba. Linɛ lɛn paas yaꞌas, biilimin win, thymus gland la, bɛnɛ tɛnsʋg, li anɛ nimua babir ziꞌekanɛ ka ti paamid T lymphocytes.^[21] bʋnvʋya banɛ gɔsid nimmalʋg ziim la (laꞌamnɛ nimmalʋg zi-vʋya banɛ gʋꞌʋd ziim kɔɔb la) naamidnɛ hali pamm n bɛ sɔɔnr la ni, ala mɛn ka kpinnim zi-vʋya la naamidnɛ bɛ endocrine bɛ ziꞌisiꞌa la, ka linɛ mɛ suꞌoe kuꞌom tʋʋma la anɛ hypothalamus ka ani ka sia-nini la yuꞌun gʋri li.

Erythrocytes nam banɛ mɔr laafi mɔr plasma vʋm linɛ wʋʋ dabisa 120 ka nyaan sanꞌam, nɛ Kupffer zi-vʋya linɛ bɛ sɔɔnr la ni. Sɔɔnr la mɛ sʋŋidi yisid pɔnꞌɔsim, kpaam, nɛ linɛ an zɛɛm. Sia-nini la mɛ sʋgidi yisid laꞌayaalis n ken dʋꞌʋdim ziꞌikin la.Ziim nwasim

Sɔbi la Mɛ: Hemoglobin

Nuꞌubil gil kanɛ ziim yina

Hemoglobin anɛ yɛlkpan , dina paꞌan ziim la nwasim(hemochrome). Molecule wʋsa mɔri heme pudigi anaasi, ka ba tʋʋm nɛ taaba ka di kɛ ka molecules nam tiaki nwasim la. Ziim kanɛ ka pɛbisim bɛ la nɛ zi-gil la an zɛnꞌug, pɛbisim la paasidi zɛnꞌʋg la nwasim paŋ tis heme pudigi la. Ziim kanɛ ka pɛbisim kaꞌ la , anɛ sabil -zɛnꞌug; dina bɛnɛs gilla pʋʋgin, ka di nyɛt saŋa ka ba yisid ziim bɛ ba nɔk ziim ti tɛɛs . Bɔzugɔ bugum kanɛ ka hemoglobin diꞌe la bɛ kɔnꞌɔb kɔnꞌɔb dina wɛlig pibisim nɛ zisiꞌela nɛ pɛbisim nɛ kaꞌ zisiꞌela.^[16]

Gbanvɛɛnsa

[1] "Definition of BLOOD". Merriam-Webster. Archived from the original on 23 March 2017. Retrieved 4 March 2017.

[2] The Franklin Institute Inc. "Blood – The Human Heart". Archived from the original on 5 March 2009. Retrieved 19 March 2009.

[3] ttps://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/red-blood-cell

[4] ttps://microbiologyinfo.com/blood-cells-types-functions/

[5] ttps://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/17705-low-hemoglobin

[6] ttps://web.archive.org/web/20220702161612/https://www.thebloodproject.com/did-you-know-13/

[7] ttps://web.archive.org/web/20220702161612/https://www.thebloodproject.com/did-you-know-13/

[8] ttps://web.archive.org/web/20230426075102/https://books.google.com/books?id=cRayoldYrcUC&pg=PA67

[9] ttps://web.archive.org/web/20180327160412/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK26919/table/A4143/

[:0-10] 1 2 http://hypertextbook.com/facts/1998/LanNaLee.shtml

[11] ttp://hypertextbook.com/facts/2004/MichaelShmukler.shtml

[12] ttps://web.archive.org/web/20201016211542/https://www.training.seer.cancer.gov/leukemia/anatomy/composition.html

[13] ttps://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003644.htm#Normal%20Values

[14] ttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8053-7211-3

[:1-15] 1 2 https://archive.org/details/reviewmedicalphy00gano

[:2-16] 1 2 3 4 5 https://web.archive.org/web/20020105184047/http://omlc.ogi.edu/spectra/hemoglobin/

[17] ttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-443-10102-1

[18] ttp://www.merck.com/mmpe/sec12/ch157/ch157a.html

[19] ttps://archive.org/details/vertebratebody0000rome_a5a9/page/404/mode/2up

[20] ttp://www.rarebookroom.org/Control/hvyexc/index.html

[21] ttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-443-02588-4

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