Paper-cutting, paper-cutting an paper-nwwaasg tʋʋma la (Chinese: … pinyin …) China teŋin tun’oe kaali lɛb 2nd century CE, yʋʋma kⴢbʋs yi la saŋa ni, saŋkanɛ ni ka li da an Cai Lun onɛ da an kⴢⴢtʋ tʋmtʋn, Eastern Han Dynasty la maal paper.

A cut-paper "window flower" during Chinese New Year

Chinese paper cutting anɛ buudi malʋŋ kanɛ ka ba yam gban’ae hali, ka li titti ba ligidi sʋŋa ka da naam nɛ saŋkanɛ ka ba da pin’il paper maalig la. Nidib bɛdigʋ da ti kena baŋ paper nwaasʋg tʋʋma la ka li paasidi dⴢⴢg za’anⴢⴢr nɛ dⴢⴢg vⴢⴢnr vɛnlim, paper paamʋg yʋʋn da an na’ana saŋsi’a la. Nwaasʋg nam nwa an sʋm si’em la, ba mⴢri ma’adig bɛɛ tʋʋma la sʋ’ʋgʋ nwaasid ban bⴢⴢd zɛmisig si’a buudi wʋsa, woo zanbina nɛ bʋnkⴢnbid. Paper da’agi da pʋ lɛn kpi’em la, paper nwaasʋg yʋʋn da liebi Chinese folk art kpeŋ yinne. Li nya’aŋa, tʋʋm nwa da giligi tiing dunia la zin’ sieba, ka sʋ’ʋlim sieba zaŋi ba buudi malima kpɛn’ɛsi li ni. Ban mⴢri nwaasʋg nam la niŋid za’anⴢnya nɛ vⴢⴢnya paasidi ba vɛnlim la zugⴢⴢ, ba buonɛ ba sansi’a ye “window flowers” (…) bɛɛ “window paper cuts”. Paper banɛ ka ba nwaas nwa ye ti tabil nɛ dⴢⴢg vⴢnya la yiŋ, kɛ ka dⴢⴢg la pʋʋgin nɛɛsim la gaadi tⴢlig paper la nwaai, cutout^[1] la vⴢⴢnrin. Saŋa bɛdigʋ ni, ba mⴢri paper zin’a tʋmmi li, ka si’im zin’a ka ba mⴢri maan sunma’asim malima ka mⴢr zugsʋŋ Chinese buudi malima ni, amaa ba mɛ paasid si’im sieba. Lin nar si’em anɛ paper-nwaasʋg la maanɛ malima woo Chinese New Year, pu’adir nɛ biigdu’am malima, ka paper nwaasʋg tʋʋma la anɛ zugsʋŋ nɛ sunma’asim zanbin.

Li yiib zin’ig

Chinese paper-nwaasʋg pin’ilig yinɛ ba ansestors, yaannam nɛ wina pʋ’ʋsim pʋʋgin kanɛ an malʋŋ kanɛ paas Chinese buudi malima ni ka pin’ili woo millennia nama ayi banɛ gaad la sa. Archaeological vɛɛnsʋg gbana pa’al ye paper-nwaasʋg da pin’il lɛ 6^th century, yʋʋma kⴢbʋs yuobʋ la ni, la’am nɛ sieba tis sida ye li pin’ilʋg tun’oe tuunsi lɛb nya’aŋi paae nɛ Warring States period (around 3 BC), saŋa bɛdigʋ ka ba nyaan maal paper. Saŋkan la, nidib da mⴢri la’asieba, woo, vaand, silver foil, silk hali nɛ leather, gbaʋŋ n maan negative-space patterns. Ban yʋʋn da yuolim maal paper la, nidib da kena baŋ ye li nwaar, li su’ab nɛ a lⴢbigi li bas yɛla pʋ tⴢi ya, link a paper da lieb lak kpɛŋ kanɛ ka ba mⴢri tʋm paper-nwaasʋg tʋʋma la.

Tang dynasty

La’am nɛ ban da maal paper nɛ Han dynasty saŋa la, yam kanɛ ka ba da mⴢri nwaasid ka kpi’ed la’ad la an lɛ’ɛm lɛ’ɛm la woo gold foil, silk and leaves, vaand da pʋn bɛnɛ ka ba mⴢri paasid ka ba nyaan maal paper. Tang dynasty la saŋa, paper nwaasʋg da nyɛ nⴢbigir hali ka sⴢ’ wʋsa mi’ li China teŋin, kanɛ da kpab nɛ li si’ib ka pa’an nɛ siigin yɛla. Paper nwaasʋg kanɛ an artform paam nⴢbigir nɛ Tang dynasty la saŋa, kanɛ da ka’ nɛ handcraft tʋʋma buudi ma’aa nɛ, ka anɛ artwork, ani ka ba da dⴢlsid paper^[2] nwaasʋg la ni pa’an yam nɛ baŋir.

Song dynasty

Song dynasty la saŋa, Chinese paper-nwaasʋg la da paam tiakir ka nⴢbigir bɛdigʋ da naam, ka ba da paam zamisigi yʋʋn tʋm li nɛ baŋir bɛdigʋ. Ba da zaŋ baŋir la kpɛn’ ya’abig ni ka maal shadow puppets. Ba ka gʋligid oily cardboarb naming, ka nwwɛn’ɛd gʋlib la nigid yaadi namin, blue-printed fabric came about.^[3]

Ming nɛ Qing dynasties

source:^[3]

Ming nɛ Qing dynasty nam la ni, paper-nwaasʋg da paae li nⴢbigir bɛn. Folk paper nwaasʋg da widigi paae nidib bɛdigʋ, ka ba da pa’ali ba baŋir nɛ min’ilim tʋʋma li ni. Ba da nwaasʋg paper nam la paasidi za’anⴢnya, vⴢnya nɛ zaŋguoma vɛnlim, ka li pa’al sunma’asim nɛ buudi malima di’ema ni. Ming nɛ Qing dynasties nam la ni, paper nwaasʋg da kena an Chinese artform tʋʋm kpɛŋ. li tʋʋma zu’oe ya, ka ba anɛ, lantern nɛ fan ornaments, needlework patterns, nɛ window flowers. Imperial zak dim la mɛ da mⴢr paper nwaasʋg la’ad nam la nigidi ba yaan, ka ya’al paper nam la Forbidden City la emperor, zugdaan la, pu’adir saŋa ni. Li vɛnllim la pa’al Chinese nidibi mⴢr yʋʋma la baŋir si’em, kɛ ka nwaasʋg nam la pa’ani ba buudi yɛla nɛ ba malima.

Ming nɛ Qing dynasties nam la saŋa (1368-1912), tʋʋm nwa da nyɛ nⴢbigir nɛ nyⴢⴢdi gaad saŋa banɛ da gaad la. Yʋʋma tusa bɛdigʋ nya’aŋa, nidib (kas kas pu’ab) da nwaasid paper ka li anɛ ba vʋ’ʋsim saŋa tʋʋma, ka maan nwaasʋg buudi gʋn gʋn ka mⴢr baŋir la dⴢlsidi ba biisin, kɛ ka li malima la widig zin’is bɛdigʋ. Nɛŋa zugu kɛ ka dʋn kaŋa nwa China nidib baŋ paper-nwaasʋg tʋʋma.

Lin an lak la, paper pʋ ya’asida ka na pʋn’oe, mildews ka bɛdig. Southeast China ka Sigsaa nɛ Sigir nwadis la mⴢr saku’om bɛdigʋ, kɛt ka paper pun’od ka bɛdigid tⴢ’ⴢtⴢ; kɛ ka suotheast China dim da pʋ maan paper-nwaasʋg tʋʋma, kɛ ka li da tⴢi nɛ kʋdimin yʋʋma dimi na tʋmi li. Amaa li ka’ ala northeast China teŋin nɛ an kpi’emisɛ, ka fʋ tun’oe nyɛ paper nwaasʋg tʋʋma la’ad ka li yit Northern dynasties Turpan, Sinkiang province.

Li buudi nam

Paper nwaasʋg anɛ tʋʋm kʋdʋg ka an folk arts kanɛ ka nidib mi’ li yɛla China teŋin gaad tʋʋma wʋsa. Li na tun’oe an pʋdigi an southern nɛ northern maalig. Southern maalig la yit nɛ Yangzhou bɛ Jiangsu Province nɛ Yueqing bɛ Zhejiang Province, ba maan nɛ bʋn vɛnlla hali kanɛ ka mi’ilim nɛ baŋir bɛdigʋ kpɛn’ ba maaligin. Northern maalig la, ka tita’am yit nɛ Yuxian nɛ Fengning bɛ Hebel Province, ka northern Shaanxi dimi maani ba bɛdigʋ, ka ba nwaasʋg la mⴢr vɛnllim nɛ si’esim buudi buudi kanɛ gban’ad bɛdigʋ yam.

Li ya’ ka’ puum la ye tabi kpikpɛŋ la, a nwaai paper ya’al dⴢⴢd vⴢnya ni ka li paasi li vɛnllin la anɛ ye li nwaadi yim. Paper- nwaar, ka li paasid dⴢⴢg vⴢnya vɛllim pa’anɛ yɛla bɛdigʋ, linɛ yɛla yi bɛdigʋ anɛ Chinese opera buudi sⴢlima. Ka li anɛ kpaadbi da’ad paper-nwaasʋg duorim la, nwaasʋg nam la pa’anɛ kuob yɛla,gɛnnir tʋʋma yɛla, zimi gba’abnɛ nⴢⴢs gʋ’ʋlʋg tʋʋma yɛla.

Lin an si’em

Chinese paper-nwaasʋg la anɛ tʋʋm kanɛ yi Chinese buudi malʋŋ kanɛ ka ba di’e yi ba yaanamin, ka li mⴢri nwaasʋg buudi bɛdigʋ li zaŋ banɛ gʋlibi an bi’ela ka mⴢri fⴢⴢtʋ yimmir, nɛ banɛ mⴢri fⴢⴢtʋ nama ayi ka kpɛn nwɛnɛ taab yim, ka lin maalʋg pⴢⴢnbin nɛ paper la bɛn bɛn ka nyaan nwwaas, kɛ ka li ya’a pⴢnbil, fⴢⴢtʋ nam la ba’ nwɛnɛ taab hali, ka li pⴢnbini ta’an woo nⴢⴢr ayi bɛɛ anaasi. Ba nwaadi ba yam bⴢⴢdim, ka li pa’ani ba bɛllim an si’em dabisir wʋsa ni.

Paper zin’a la ka ba mⴢri teŋin la, bⴢzugⴢ li anɛ sunma’asim nɛ zugsʋŋ Chinese malima ni. Linɛ kɛ ka ba mⴢri li maan malima nam woo pu’adir nɛ buudi malima. Paper nwaasʋg kpɛn nⴢbigid nɛ ka mɛ yi paae teŋ sieba ni, ka banɛ maan la mⴢri la’a paala ya’am paala maan bʋnam kⴢn’ⴢb kⴢn’ⴢb ye ba kɛ ka tʋʋma la mⴢri vʋm.

Li tʋʋma

Duorim tʋʋma

Source:^[4] Chinese paper nwaasʋg la anɛ duorim yɛla yʋ’ʋs dʋnkaŋa nwa. Chinese nidib bɛdigʋ mⴢri paasidi ba dⴢⴢd vⴢnya ka li pa’ani ba popielim ban bɛ saŋa paaligin bɛɛ yʋʋm paalig la yɛla. Ba mɛ mⴢri paper nwaasʋg nam la duorim yaan ye li paas zaŋguoma, za’anⴢya, fitta, ka mⴢri tisid nidib piini. Ya’asɛɛ, ba lɛn mⴢri ba tabin kpi’en ya yaŋa ni, kanɛ ka li an zugsʋŋ zanbin. Ba malʋŋ kaŋa nwa duorimidi ya, nɛ la’astitada ni. Zina, ba mⴢr paper nwaasʋg nam la paasidi vɛnllim, ba paasidi zaŋuoma, dⴢⴢd vⴢnya, za’anⴢnya, buos, ningⴢtis, fitta ka li an piini tisid nidib. Ban tabini ba kpi’en yaŋa la anɛ ye li mⴢr zugsʋŋi ken.ba da mⴢr paper nwaasʋg nam la duorimɛ kas kas, a mⴢri niŋid embroidery nɛ lacquer tʋʋma ni. Bipⴢla mⴢr paper nwaasʋg nam la duorimi ba la’ad nɛ ba gbana.

Paper nwaasʋg da anɛ ka nan kʋn anɛ duorim yɛla tita’am, bɛɛ duorim malʋŋ malʋŋ kanɛ pa’an nidib ti’ir, popielim nɛ pʋtɛn’ sieba. Paper-nwaasʋg la niedi pa’an nyain yɛla kⴢn’ⴢb kⴢn’ⴢb gbini an si’em. Sieba bⴢⴢd ye ba kuo ka paam zʋʋd bɛdigʋ, bɛɛ ba paam kpan’am ba vʋmin, nɛŋa pa’anɛ ba pʋtɛnda ni ban bⴢⴢd bun sʋŋ si’em, bʋnkⴢnbid nɛ bʋnbʋtta nⴢbigir, la’am nɛ yɛlsʋma, ka carp ianki gaŋ dragon yaŋir ( Chinese buudi kpɛŋ kanɛ pa’an ye vʋm sʋŋ bɛɛ ba tuon), polecats, lions, kylins ( a mythical Chinese creature), jade rabbits (an animal taken from Chinese legend), pomegranates and peonies. Naasʋg la sieba pa’anɛ nidib banɛ tʋm hali ka ba yʋ’ʋr yi, bɛɛ ba yaanam yɛla, bɛɛ ban da tʋm si’em, woo Yellow Emperor la nwaasʋg la, cowherd la si’alʋg (…) nɛ Weaver Girl (…) nɛ filial piety sⴢlima 24 la. Nwaasʋg la mɛ tun’oe pa’al nidib popielim ba vʋm bɛllim yɛla, woo ban na nwai paper la ka li nwɛni biig , ka ba pa’am o zuobidi zie’l zin’is ayi o zugin, bɛɛ ziŋi lubid kuomini dⴢlisid yit lotus tiisin.

Zanbina tʋʋma

Nwaasʋg banɛ yʋ’ʋri yi hali Chinese characters anɛ characters bama… (li gbin an ‘zugsʋŋ’) nɛ …(li gbin an ‘sunma’asim a bʋyi’). Character nwa … anɛ zugsʋŋ zanbin ka ba pa’an lin nɛ Chinese yʋʋm paal malima ni ye li mⴢr yɛlsʋm nɛ kpa’am ken yʋʋm kanɛ dⴢl la na. ba mⴢr character nwa … pa’anɛ puadirin, kanɛ an sunma’asim abʋyi zanbin, ka pa’an ye ba mⴢr ti’ir ba na di la’asig la nyⴢⴢd. Nwaasʋg nwa anɛ Chinese buudi malima zanbina kanɛ mⴢr vɛnllim ka ba sunf gban’ae li yɛla hali.

Siigin tʋʋma

Source:^[4]

Chinese paper nwaasʋg nam la mⴢri pa’anɛ ti’ir, popielim nɛ siigin pʋtɛn’ sieba. Chinese paper nwaasʋg motifs nam woo bunib, bʋnkⴢnbid, nɛ malima kuga pa’alʋg woo carp n in’aki gaŋ dragon yaŋir la. Chinese nidib dⴢlsidi paper nwaasʋgin la pa’ani ba malima, ba yɛlsʋma nɛ ba yadda niŋir, ka li an malʋŋ tita’ar ba yadda pa’al ni.

Dⴢⴢg vⴢⴢnr paper nwaasʋg tⴢ’ⴢgi nɛ spring saŋa pin’ilʋg, ka li anɛ li malʋŋi la ye ba duorim vⴢnya la nɛ paper nwaasʋg la tʋ’ʋs spring. China zin’is bɛdigʋ, kas kas ya-datiuŋ, ba tabin paper nwaasʋg la dⴢⴢd vⴢnya ni, ka li pa’an nɛ ba sunma’asim yʋʋm paal la yɛla, malʋŋ kaŋa da pʋn bɛnɛ Song nɛ Yuan dynasties la saŋa sa.

Zamisʋg tʋʋma

Chinese paper naasʋg mⴢr zamisʋg tʋʋma ka li pa’an biis Chinese buudi malima nɛ paper nwaasʋg la vɛnllim ka zamisid paper nwaasʋg la pin’ilʋg yɛla. A nwaasid paper nam la sʋŋid biis ka ba paamid nwaasʋg la baŋir, nifi gⴢt nu’us la tʋm si’em, hand-eye coordination, a nwai ka maal, cutting and creativity.^[5]

Nwaasʋg tma la an si’em

art
Subclass of	art of paper cutting
Country of origin	People's Republic of China
Intangible cultural heritage status	Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity
Described at URL	https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/00219, https://ich.unesco.org/fr/RL/00219, https://ich.unesco.org/es/RL/00219

Source:^[6] Chinese paper nwaasʋg maalig la buudi ayi bɛ: maalig buudi yinne tʋmmi nɛ ma’adins, ka nɛŋa la tʋm nɛ sʋ’ʋg kanɛ dit sʋ’ʋŋa. Ma’adins tʋʋma la ni, paper nam la bɛdigʋ -paae bʋnama anii- ka ba la’asi ba lⴢ, ka nyaan zaŋ ma’adins banɛ pʋlim hali nwai. Chinese-paper nwaasʋg tʋmmi nɛ baŋir bɛdigʋ, nwaasʋg banɛ vɛn hali, banɛ ka ba zaŋ sʋ’ʋs, knives^[6] bɛɛ ma’adins maal yinne bɛɛ maal ba pa’al taaba zut. Ka li dⴢlisidi tisid saŋa wʋsa nidibin, bⴢzugⴢ maalig buudi ayi la wʋsa tʋmmi nɛ baŋir nɛ min’ilim bɛdigʋ.

Paper nwaasʋg tʋʋma la mⴢri yakir bɛdigʋ, la’am nɛ paper la’ad la gaŋir, zaŋi keni paper buudi si’a nɛ fʋn bⴢⴢdi li si’em. Fʋ na pⴢnbil paper kanɛ ka fʋ gaŋ la nⴢⴢrin babiga, ka lin na an si’em la na gʋligi li zugin. Linɛ dⴢl anɛ, nwaam gʋligir la bɛni yis sʋ’ʋŋa, nɛ ma’adins bɛɛ tʋʋma sʋ’ʋg. zan’a daana, fʋna lak nwaar la ka li pa’ali li vɛnllim la. Ka fʋ na lɛn tun’oe keŋ tuon nɛ paas la’asieba, woo si’ib nɛ tɛn’ɛsʋg ka li vɛnllim la maligi nie. Paper nwaasʋg tʋʋma la bⴢⴢdi fʋ mⴢr suguru, baŋir nɛ gʋ’ʋsʋg, la’am nɛ yam paalig tʋʋma la ni.

Ma’adiŋ nwaasʋg tʋʋma

Ma’adiŋ tʋʋma la la’asidi paper nam la bɛdigʋ viligi ba, ka zaŋ ma’adiŋi nwaas fʋn bⴢⴢdi si’em. A la’as paper nam bɛdigʋ ka nwai la kɛt ka nwaar la an yinne, consistent pattern.^[6]

Sʋ’ʋg nwaasʋg tʋʋma

Nɛ’ʋŋa ni, sʋ’ʋg tʋʋma la ni, maalig la nwaadi nɛ sʋ’ʋg kanɛ dit hali, ka li dⴢlsidi maker la bɛn, amaa tʋʋma la mittib tun’oe maal nwaasʋg buudi bɛdigʋ ba yam bⴢⴢd si’em. Sʋ’ʋg tʋʋma la ni, ba ye zaŋi tallow nɛ tampɛligim tɛ’ɛg teŋir ka li bʋgʋs ka yʋʋn zaŋ paper nam la bɛdigʋ pa’al. Ka dⴢlisisid maalʋg, ka zaŋ sʋ’ʋgi yʋʋn nwwai motifs la niŋ paper la ni, kanɛ ye an sappi. Tʋʋma la mittib tun’oe maal nwaasʋg buudi bɛdigʋ ba yam bⴢⴢd si’em ka pʋ dⴢlis maaligⴢ.

Gⴢsim nɛ’ɛŋa ya’as

Gbamvvɛɛnsa

[1] ttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)

[2] ttp://www.chinashj.com/ysll_ysllsy/12386.html

[:0-3] 3.0 ^3.1 https://www.eastimpression.com/culture.asp?id=764

[:1-4] 4.0 ^4.1 https://www.86lsw.com/whls/133530.html

[5] ttps://wenyi.gmw.cn/2021-09/12/content_35157258.htm

[:2-6] 6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 https://www.ihchina.cn/jianzhi.html

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]