Chinese paper cutting
| Subclass of | art of paper cutting  |
|---|---|
| Country of origin | People's Republic of China |
| Intangible cultural heritage status | Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity |
| Described at URL | https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/00219, https://ich.unesco.org/fr/RL/00219, https://ich.unesco.org/es/RL/00219 |
Paper-cutting, paper-cutting an paper-nwwaasg tʋʋma la (Chinese: … pinyin …) China teŋin tunꞌoe kaali lɛb 2nd century CE, yʋʋma kɔbʋs yi la saŋa ni, saŋkanɛ ni ka li da an Cai Lun onɛ da an kɔɔtʋ tʋmtʋn, Eastern Han Dynasty la maal paper.
Chinese paper cutting anɛ buudi malʋŋ kanɛ ka ba yam gbanꞌae hali, ka li titti ba ligidi sʋŋa ka da naam nɛ saŋkanɛ ka ba da pinꞌil paper maalig la. Nidib bɛdigʋ da ti kena baŋ paper nwaasʋg tʋʋma la ka li paasidi dɔɔg zaꞌanɔɔr nɛ dɔɔg vɔɔnr vɛnlim, paper paamʋg yʋʋn da an naꞌana saŋsiꞌa la. Nwaasʋg nam nwa an sʋm siꞌem la, ba mɔri maꞌadig bɛɛ tʋʋma la sʋꞌʋgʋ nwaasid ban bɔɔd zɛmisig siꞌa buudi wʋsa, woo zanbina nɛ bʋnkɔnbid. Paper daꞌagi da pʋ lɛn kpiꞌem la, paper nwaasʋg yʋʋn da liebi Chinese folk art kpeŋ yinne. Li nyaꞌaŋa, tʋʋm nwa da giligi tiing dunia la zinꞌ sieba, ka sʋꞌʋlim sieba zaŋi ba buudi malima kpɛnꞌɛsi li ni. Ban mɔri nwaasʋg nam la niŋid zaꞌanɔnya nɛ vɔɔnya paasidi ba vɛnlim la zugɔɔ, ba buonɛ ba sansiꞌa ye “window flowers” (…) bɛɛ “window paper cuts”. Paper banɛ ka ba nwaas nwa ye ti tabil nɛ dɔɔg vɔnya la yiŋ, kɛ ka dɔɔg la pʋʋgin nɛɛsim la gaadi tɔlig paper la nwaai, cutout[1] la vɔɔnrin. Saŋa bɛdigʋ ni, ba mɔri paper zinꞌa tʋmmi li, ka siꞌim zinꞌa ka ba mɔri maan sunmaꞌasim malima ka mɔr zugsʋŋ Chinese buudi malima ni, amaa ba mɛ paasid siꞌim sieba. Lin nar siꞌem anɛ paper-nwaasʋg la maanɛ malima woo Chinese New Year, puꞌadir nɛ biigduꞌam malima, ka paper nwaasʋg tʋʋma la anɛ zugsʋŋ nɛ sunmaꞌasim zanbin.
Li yiib zinꞌig
[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]Chinese paper-nwaasʋg pinꞌilig yinɛ ba ansestors, yaannam nɛ wina pʋꞌʋsim pʋʋgin kanɛ an malʋŋ kanɛ paas Chinese buudi malima ni ka pinꞌili woo millennia nama ayi banɛ gaad la sa. Archaeological vɛɛnsʋg gbana paꞌal ye paper-nwaasʋg da pinꞌil lɛ 6th century, yʋʋma kɔbʋs yuobʋ la ni, laꞌam nɛ sieba tis sida ye li pinꞌilʋg tunꞌoe tuunsi lɛb nyaꞌaŋi paae nɛ Warring States period (around 3 BC), saŋa bɛdigʋ ka ba nyaan maal paper. Saŋkan la, nidib da mɔri laꞌasieba, woo, vaand, silver foil, silk hali nɛ leather, gbaʋŋ n maan negative-space patterns. Ban yʋʋn da yuolim maal paper la, nidib da kena baŋ ye li nwaar, li suꞌab nɛ a lɔbigi li bas yɛla pʋ tɔi ya, link a paper da lieb lak kpɛŋ kanɛ ka ba mɔri tʋm paper-nwaasʋg tʋʋma la.
Tang dynasty
[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]Laꞌam nɛ ban da maal paper nɛ Han dynasty saŋa la, yam kanɛ ka ba da mɔri nwaasid ka kpiꞌed laꞌad la an lɛꞌɛm lɛꞌɛm la woo gold foil, silk and leaves, vaand da pʋn bɛnɛ ka ba mɔri paasid ka ba nyaan maal paper. Tang dynasty la saŋa, paper nwaasʋg da nyɛ nɔbigir hali ka sɔꞌ wʋsa miꞌ li China teŋin, kanɛ da kpab nɛ li siꞌib ka paꞌan nɛ siigin yɛla. Paper nwaasʋg kanɛ an artform paam nɔbigir nɛ Tang dynasty la saŋa, kanɛ da kaꞌ nɛ handcraft tʋʋma buudi maꞌaa nɛ, ka anɛ artwork, ani ka ba da dɔlsid paper[2] nwaasʋg la ni paꞌan yam nɛ baŋir.
Song dynasty
[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]Song dynasty la saŋa, Chinese paper-nwaasʋg la da paam tiakir ka nɔbigir bɛdigʋ da naam, ka ba da paam zamisigi yʋʋn tʋm li nɛ baŋir bɛdigʋ. Ba da zaŋ baŋir la kpɛnꞌ yaꞌabig ni ka maal shadow puppets. Ba ka gʋligid oily cardboarb naming, ka nwwɛnꞌɛd gʋlib la nigid yaadi namin, blue-printed fabric came about.[3]
Ming nɛ Qing dynasties
[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]source:[3]
Ming nɛ Qing dynasty nam la ni, paper-nwaasʋg da paae li nɔbigir bɛn. Folk paper nwaasʋg da widigi paae nidib bɛdigʋ, ka ba da paꞌali ba baŋir nɛ minꞌilim tʋʋma li ni. Ba da nwaasʋg paper nam la paasidi zaꞌanɔnya, vɔnya nɛ zaŋguoma vɛnlim, ka li paꞌal sunmaꞌasim nɛ buudi malima diꞌema ni. Ming nɛ Qing dynasties nam la ni, paper nwaasʋg da kena an Chinese artform tʋʋm kpɛŋ. li tʋʋma zuꞌoe ya, ka ba anɛ, lantern nɛ fan ornaments, needlework patterns, nɛ window flowers. Imperial zak dim la mɛ da mɔr paper nwaasʋg laꞌad nam la nigidi ba yaan, ka yaꞌal paper nam la Forbidden City la emperor, zugdaan la, puꞌadir saŋa ni. Li vɛnllim la paꞌal Chinese nidibi mɔr yʋʋma la baŋir siꞌem, kɛ ka nwaasʋg nam la paꞌani ba buudi yɛla nɛ ba malima.
Ming nɛ Qing dynasties nam la saŋa (1368-1912), tʋʋm nwa da nyɛ nɔbigir nɛ nyɔɔdi gaad saŋa banɛ da gaad la. Yʋʋma tusa bɛdigʋ nyaꞌaŋa, nidib (kas kas puꞌab) da nwaasid paper ka li anɛ ba vʋꞌʋsim saŋa tʋʋma, ka maan nwaasʋg buudi gʋn gʋn ka mɔr baŋir la dɔlsidi ba biisin, kɛ ka li malima la widig zinꞌis bɛdigʋ. Nɛŋa zugu kɛ ka dʋn kaŋa nwa China nidib baŋ paper-nwaasʋg tʋʋma.
Lin an lak la, paper pʋ yaꞌasida ka na pʋnꞌoe, mildews ka bɛdig. Southeast China ka Sigsaa nɛ Sigir nwadis la mɔr sakuꞌom bɛdigʋ, kɛt ka paper punꞌod ka bɛdigid tɔꞌɔtɔ; kɛ ka suotheast China dim da pʋ maan paper-nwaasʋg tʋʋma, kɛ ka li da tɔi nɛ kʋdimin yʋʋma dimi na tʋmi li. Amaa li kaꞌ ala northeast China teŋin nɛ an kpiꞌemisɛ, ka fʋ tunꞌoe nyɛ paper nwaasʋg tʋʋma laꞌad ka li yit Northern dynasties Turpan, Sinkiang province.
Li buudi nam
[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]Paper nwaasʋg anɛ tʋʋm kʋdʋg ka an folk arts kanɛ ka nidib miꞌ li yɛla China teŋin gaad tʋʋma wʋsa. Li na tunꞌoe an pʋdigi an southern nɛ northern maalig. Southern maalig la yit nɛ Yangzhou bɛ Jiangsu Province nɛ Yueqing bɛ Zhejiang Province, ba maan nɛ bʋn vɛnlla hali kanɛ ka miꞌilim nɛ baŋir bɛdigʋ kpɛnꞌ ba maaligin. Northern maalig la, ka titaꞌam yit nɛ Yuxian nɛ Fengning bɛ Hebel Province, ka northern Shaanxi dimi maani ba bɛdigʋ, ka ba nwaasʋg la mɔr vɛnllim nɛ siꞌesim buudi buudi kanɛ gbanꞌad bɛdigʋ yam.
Li yaꞌ kaꞌ puum la ye tabi kpikpɛŋ la, a nwaai paper yaꞌal dɔɔd vɔnya ni ka li paasi li vɛnllin la anɛ ye li nwaadi yim. Paper- nwaar, ka li paasid dɔɔg vɔnya vɛllim paꞌanɛ yɛla bɛdigʋ, linɛ yɛla yi bɛdigʋ anɛ Chinese opera buudi sɔlima. Ka li anɛ kpaadbi daꞌad paper-nwaasʋg duorim la, nwaasʋg nam la paꞌanɛ kuob yɛla,gɛnnir tʋʋma yɛla, zimi gbaꞌabnɛ nɔɔs gʋꞌʋlʋg tʋʋma yɛla.
Lin an siꞌem
[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]
Chinese paper-nwaasʋg la anɛ tʋʋm kanɛ yi Chinese buudi malʋŋ kanɛ ka ba diꞌe yi ba yaanamin, ka li mɔri nwaasʋg buudi bɛdigʋ li zaŋ banɛ gʋlibi an biꞌela ka mɔri fɔɔtʋ yimmir, nɛ banɛ mɔri fɔɔtʋ nama ayi ka kpɛn nwɛnɛ taab yim, ka lin maalʋg pɔɔnbin nɛ paper la bɛn bɛn ka nyaan nwwaas, kɛ ka li yaꞌa pɔnbil, fɔɔtʋ nam la baꞌ nwɛnɛ taab hali, ka li pɔnbini taꞌan woo nɔɔr ayi bɛɛ anaasi. Ba nwaadi ba yam bɔɔdim, ka li paꞌani ba bɛllim an siꞌem dabisir wʋsa ni.
Paper zinꞌa la ka ba mɔri teŋin la, bɔzugɔ li anɛ sunmaꞌasim nɛ zugsʋŋ Chinese malima ni. Linɛ kɛ ka ba mɔri li maan malima nam woo puꞌadir nɛ buudi malima. Paper nwaasʋg kpɛn nɔbigid nɛ ka mɛ yi paae teŋ sieba ni, ka banɛ maan la mɔri laꞌa paala yaꞌam paala maan bʋnam kɔnꞌɔb kɔnꞌɔb ye ba kɛ ka tʋʋma la mɔri vʋm.
Li tʋʋma
[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]Duorim tʋʋma
[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]Source:[4] Chinese paper nwaasʋg la anɛ duorim yɛla yʋꞌʋs dʋnkaŋa nwa. Chinese nidib bɛdigʋ mɔri paasidi ba dɔɔd vɔnya ka li paꞌani ba popielim ban bɛ saŋa paaligin bɛɛ yʋʋm paalig la yɛla. Ba mɛ mɔri paper nwaasʋg nam la duorim yaan ye li paas zaŋguoma, zaꞌanɔya, fitta, ka mɔri tisid nidib piini. Yaꞌasɛɛ, ba lɛn mɔri ba tabin kpiꞌen ya yaŋa ni, kanɛ ka li an zugsʋŋ zanbin. Ba malʋŋ kaŋa nwa duorimidi ya, nɛ laꞌastitada ni. Zina, ba mɔr paper nwaasʋg nam la paasidi vɛnllim, ba paasidi zaŋuoma, dɔɔd vɔnya, zaꞌanɔnya, buos, ningɔtis, fitta ka li an piini tisid nidib. Ban tabini ba kpiꞌen yaŋa la anɛ ye li mɔr zugsʋŋi ken.ba da mɔr paper nwaasʋg nam la duorimɛ kas kas, a mɔri niŋid embroidery nɛ lacquer tʋʋma ni. Bipɔla mɔr paper nwaasʋg nam la duorimi ba laꞌad nɛ ba gbana.
Paper nwaasʋg da anɛ ka nan kʋn anɛ duorim yɛla titaꞌam, bɛɛ duorim malʋŋ malʋŋ kanɛ paꞌan nidib tiꞌir, popielim nɛ pʋtɛnꞌ sieba. Paper-nwaasʋg la niedi paꞌan nyain yɛla kɔnꞌɔb kɔnꞌɔb gbini an siꞌem. Sieba bɔɔd ye ba kuo ka paam zʋʋd bɛdigʋ, bɛɛ ba paam kpanꞌam ba vʋmin, nɛŋa paꞌanɛ ba pʋtɛnda ni ban bɔɔd bun sʋŋ siꞌem, bʋnkɔnbid nɛ bʋnbʋtta nɔbigir, laꞌam nɛ yɛlsʋma, ka carp ianki gaŋ dragon yaŋir ( Chinese buudi kpɛŋ kanɛ paꞌan ye vʋm sʋŋ bɛɛ ba tuon), polecats, lions, kylins ( a mythical Chinese creature), jade rabbits (an animal taken from Chinese legend), pomegranates and peonies. Naasʋg la sieba paꞌanɛ nidib banɛ tʋm hali ka ba yʋꞌʋr yi, bɛɛ ba yaanam yɛla, bɛɛ ban da tʋm siꞌem, woo Yellow Emperor la nwaasʋg la, cowherd la siꞌalʋg (…) nɛ Weaver Girl (…) nɛ filial piety sɔlima 24 la. Nwaasʋg la mɛ tunꞌoe paꞌal nidib popielim ba vʋm bɛllim yɛla, woo ban na nwai paper la ka li nwɛni biig , ka ba paꞌam o zuobidi zieꞌl zinꞌis ayi o zugin, bɛɛ ziŋi lubid kuomini dɔlisid yit lotus tiisin.
Zanbina tʋʋma
[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]Nwaasʋg banɛ yʋꞌʋri yi hali Chinese characters anɛ characters bama… (li gbin an ‘zugsʋŋꞌ) nɛ …(li gbin an ‘sunmaꞌasim a bʋyiꞌ). Character nwa … anɛ zugsʋŋ zanbin ka ba paꞌan lin nɛ Chinese yʋʋm paal malima ni ye li mɔr yɛlsʋm nɛ kpaꞌam ken yʋʋm kanɛ dɔl la na. ba mɔr character nwa … paꞌanɛ puadirin, kanɛ an sunmaꞌasim abʋyi zanbin, ka paꞌan ye ba mɔr tiꞌir ba na di laꞌasig la nyɔɔd. Nwaasʋg nwa anɛ Chinese buudi malima zanbina kanɛ mɔr vɛnllim ka ba sunf gbanꞌae li yɛla hali.
Siigin tʋʋma
[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]Source:[4]
Chinese paper nwaasʋg nam la mɔri paꞌanɛ tiꞌir, popielim nɛ siigin pʋtɛnꞌ sieba. Chinese paper nwaasʋg motifs nam woo bunib, bʋnkɔnbid, nɛ malima kuga paꞌalʋg woo carp n inꞌaki gaŋ dragon yaŋir la. Chinese nidib dɔlsidi paper nwaasʋgin la paꞌani ba malima, ba yɛlsʋma nɛ ba yadda niŋir, ka li an malʋŋ titaꞌar ba yadda paꞌal ni.
Dɔɔg vɔɔnr paper nwaasʋg tɔꞌɔgi nɛ spring saŋa pinꞌilʋg, ka li anɛ li malʋŋi la ye ba duorim vɔnya la nɛ paper nwaasʋg la tʋꞌʋs spring. China zinꞌis bɛdigʋ, kas kas ya-datiuŋ, ba tabin paper nwaasʋg la dɔɔd vɔnya ni, ka li paꞌan nɛ ba sunmaꞌasim yʋʋm paal la yɛla, malʋŋ kaŋa da pʋn bɛnɛ Song nɛ Yuan dynasties la saŋa sa.
Zamisʋg tʋʋma
[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]Chinese paper naasʋg mɔr zamisʋg tʋʋma ka li paꞌan biis Chinese buudi malima nɛ paper nwaasʋg la vɛnllim ka zamisid paper nwaasʋg la pinꞌilʋg yɛla. A nwaasid paper nam la sʋŋid biis ka ba paamid nwaasʋg la baŋir, nifi gɔt nuꞌus la tʋm siꞌem, hand-eye coordination, a nwai ka maal, cutting and creativity.[5]
Nwaasʋg tma la an siꞌem
[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]Source:[6] Chinese paper nwaasʋg maalig la buudi ayi bɛ: maalig buudi yinne tʋmmi nɛ maꞌadins, ka nɛŋa la tʋm nɛ sʋꞌʋg kanɛ dit sʋꞌʋŋa. Maꞌadins tʋʋma la ni, paper nam la bɛdigʋ -paae bʋnama anii- ka ba laꞌasi ba lɔ, ka nyaan zaŋ maꞌadins banɛ pʋlim hali nwai. Chinese-paper nwaasʋg tʋmmi nɛ baŋir bɛdigʋ, nwaasʋg banɛ vɛn hali, banɛ ka ba zaŋ sʋꞌʋs, knives[6] bɛɛ maꞌadins maal yinne bɛɛ maal ba paꞌal taaba zut. Ka li dɔlisidi tisid saŋa wʋsa nidibin, bɔzugɔ maalig buudi ayi la wʋsa tʋmmi nɛ baŋir nɛ minꞌilim bɛdigʋ.
Paper nwaasʋg tʋʋma la mɔri yakir bɛdigʋ, laꞌam nɛ paper laꞌad la gaŋir, zaŋi keni paper buudi siꞌa nɛ fʋn bɔɔdi li siꞌem. Fʋ na pɔnbil paper kanɛ ka fʋ gaŋ la nɔɔrin babiga, ka lin na an siꞌem la na gʋligi li zugin. Linɛ dɔl anɛ, nwaam gʋligir la bɛni yis sʋꞌʋŋa, nɛ maꞌadins bɛɛ tʋʋma sʋꞌʋg. zanꞌa daana, fʋna lak nwaar la ka li paꞌali li vɛnllim la. Ka fʋ na lɛn tunꞌoe keŋ tuon nɛ paas laꞌasieba, woo siꞌib nɛ tɛnꞌɛsʋg ka li vɛnllim la maligi nie. Paper nwaasʋg tʋʋma la bɔɔdi fʋ mɔr suguru, baŋir nɛ gʋꞌʋsʋg, laꞌam nɛ yam paalig tʋʋma la ni.
Maꞌadiŋ nwaasʋg tʋʋma
[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]Maꞌadiŋ tʋʋma la laꞌasidi paper nam la bɛdigʋ viligi ba, ka zaŋ maꞌadiŋi nwaas fʋn bɔɔdi siꞌem. A laꞌas paper nam bɛdigʋ ka nwai la kɛt ka nwaar la an yinne, consistent pattern.[6]
Sʋꞌʋg nwaasʋg tʋʋma
[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]Nɛꞌʋŋa ni, sʋꞌʋg tʋʋma la ni, maalig la nwaadi nɛ sʋꞌʋg kanɛ dit hali, ka li dɔlsidi maker la bɛn, amaa tʋʋma la mittib tunꞌoe maal nwaasʋg buudi bɛdigʋ ba yam bɔɔd siꞌem. Sʋꞌʋg tʋʋma la ni, ba ye zaŋi tallow nɛ tampɛligim tɛꞌɛg teŋir ka li bʋgʋs ka yʋʋn zaŋ paper nam la bɛdigʋ paꞌal. Ka dɔlisisid maalʋg, ka zaŋ sʋꞌʋgi yʋʋn nwwai motifs la niŋ paper la ni, kanɛ ye an sappi. Tʋʋma la mittib tunꞌoe maal nwaasʋg buudi bɛdigʋ ba yam bɔɔd siꞌem ka pʋ dɔlis maaligɔ.
Gɔsim nɛꞌɛŋa yaꞌas
[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]Gbamvvɛɛnsa
[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]- ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)
- ↑ http://www.chinashj.com/ysll_ysllsy/12386.html
- 1 2 https://www.eastimpression.com/culture.asp?id=764
- 1 2 https://www.86lsw.com/whls/133530.html
- ↑ https://wenyi.gmw.cn/2021-09/12/content_35157258.htm
- 1 2 3 https://www.ihchina.cn/jianzhi.html