Gadaa

democracy
Country of origin	Ethiopia
Intangible cultural heritage status	Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity
Described at URL	https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/01164, https://ich.unesco.org/fr/RL/01164, https://ich.unesco.org/es/RL/01164

Gadaa (Oromo: Gadaa; literally: era) anɛ yʋʋmpʋgʋdʋgin wada suokanɛ ka Oromos bɛ Ethiopia la nɛ northern Kenya dim da dɔlli guri ba nidib ka daʋŋ kaꞌasigɛ.^[1] Di anɛ bʋnkanɛ ka Konso nɛ Gedeo nidib banɛ bɛ southern Ethiopia la mɛ dɔlisid mɛn. Suor la gɔsid pɔlitis nwɛꞌɛb yɛla, daꞌ diib yɛla, nidib bɛllim nɛ pʋꞌʋsim nam yɛla sʋꞌʋlim la ni.^[2]^[3]^[4]

Gadaa nii, yʋma anii wʋsa, Oromo la na gaŋ tuon gatiba awai ka ba buoni ba ye Salgan yaꞌii Borana (Borana nam awai laꞌasʋg).^[5]^[6] Tuon gat ka gadaa suor la gaŋ na mɔri o kpɛŋ la yʋma anii maꞌaa, ka ba maan vɔɔtʋg yʋma anii la naarin.^[7]^[8]^[9] Sankanɛ ka Abbaa Gadaa maal kaꞌalim o tʋʋma ni, ba nɔkid bokkuu (dinɛ paꞌan paŋ) lanɛ tisi o pʋꞌa ka o suꞌa bokkuu la ka tʋm wada tʋʋma.^[10]

Gada da nyɛ suori paas UNESCO ni ye di an Intangible Cultural Heritage din yi yʋʋm tusa ayi nɛ piinɛ ayuobʋ (2016) la ni sa.^[11] Di anɛ pʋtɛnꞌɛkanɛ da yi Oromo onɛ yi Madda Walabu districtI bɛ Oromia la.^[12]^[13] Oromo nidib nyɛ di ka di paasi ba common heritage ni ka lɛn an malʋŋ kanɛ paꞌan ban yi zinꞌisiꞌa.^[14] Di anɛ suokanɛ ka Oromo nidib dɔlisidi zanli ba nidib dɔlisid wada suor yʋma dinɛ kaꞌ bɛnnɛ.^[15]^[16]

Oromo nidib da zanli ba mɛŋnɛ dɔlisid Gadaa ziꞌesim la hali ka 16th century nam pʋ paae, zab titada atan da paae ban nɛ nimbanɛ bɛ Ethiopian Empire la lɛbid north nɛ Adal Sultanate lɛbid ya-nyaꞌaŋ nɛ ya-datiʋŋ. Di nyɔɔd anɛ ye Oromo da nyaŋ Kristo biis pʋꞌʋsim nɛ Mɔɔm pʋꞌʋsim suoya wʋsa. Borana nɛ Guji nidib banɛ kpiꞌe nɛ Ethiopian nɛ Kenyan titɔdogon la ka ba nyaŋi maan Gadaa malima ka daʋŋ kaꞌasigɛ. Oromia teŋkanɛ bɛ Federal system of Ethiopia la, Gadaa tʋʋma suor la da pinꞌili bɛ Oromia sʋꞌʋlim wʋsa. Yʋʋm tusa ayi nɛ piinɛ anu (2015) la ni, ba da zuŋ Gadaa Center dinɛ bɛ Odaa Bultum ka yʋʋm tusa ayi nɛ piinɛ anii (2018) la ni, ba da lɛbis Gadaa Center dinɛ bɛ Odaa Hullee la ziꞌel din da paam daʋŋ century nam ayi la.^[17]^[18] Yʋʋm tusa ayi nɛ piinɛ awai (2019) la ni, Bule Hora University da zuŋ master's degree program in Gadaa studies.^[19]

Nwaasim

Luba

Gadaa society da pʋnɛ dɔlis yʋʋma an siꞌem nɛ tuŋ-tuŋ ka ba buoni di ye Luba. Luba anɛ dasam banɛ banɛ an yinne zɛm ka yi tuŋ yinne ni. Di nɔbʋgidnɛ dɔlisid nidib piinɛ yinne banɛ an kɔnꞌɔb kɔnꞌɔb, ka yinne wʋsa tiakid yʋma anii pʋʋgin ka yinne wʋsa mɛ mɔri di nyadi nɛ di tʋʋma.^[20]

Gadaa Grades^[21]
	Daballe	Junior Gaammee	Foollee	Kuusaa	Raabaa Doorii	Gadaa	Yuuba I	Yuuba II & III	Gadaamoojjii	Jaarsa
Age	0-8	9-16	17-24	25-32	33-40	41-48	49-56	57-64 & 65-72	73-80	>80
Characters	No responsibility	Student	Military trainee	Military	Warrior	Leader	Advisor	Repositories of law	Conducts Rites	No responsibility

Grade wusa naanid tuŋ yinne ken yinne ninɛ yʋma anii pʋʋgin.

Baallii

Baallii anɛ ban na nɔk kpɛŋ/paŋ yi Gadaa yinne ken tuŋ kanɛ tiaꞌal.

Gadaa Party (Gogeessa Gadaa)

Gadaa partinam anu la anɛ dinɛ ka ba buon ye shanan Gadaa Oromoo. Parti bama dɔlnɛ dunia wʋsa gɔsʋgnama anu banɛ ka Oromo nidib gɔsid la. Gadaa partinama anu la tunnɛ dɔl taaba ka diꞌesid paŋ la tiaꞌasid taaba. Paati wʋsa ɛɛnti diꞌe paŋ la yimmʋ yʋma pisnaasi pʋʋgin. Dinzug, Gadaa paatinama anu la pʋ nyaꞌad taaba onɛ na lieb kpɛɛm sansiꞌaa, amaa nyaꞌab la bɛnɛ nimbanɛ bɛ paati yinne ni. Gadaa paatinama anu la mɔrnɛ yʋda kɔnꞌɔb kɔnꞌɔb; ka yʋꞌʋban anɛ; Boorana, Maccaa-Tuulama, Arsii, Gujii and Ituu-Humbannaa.^[22]^[23]

Gadaa Parties
Boorana	Maccaa-Tuulama	Arsii	Gujii	Ituu-Humbannaa
Meelba / Harmufaa	Birmajii	Birmajii	Harmufa	Horata
Muudana / Roobalee	Michilee / Muudana	Roobalee	Roobalee	Dibbaaqa
Kiilolee / Birmajii	Duuloo / Halchiisa	Bahara	Muudana	Dibbeessa
Biifolee / Muldhata	Meelbaa / Hambissaa	Horata	Halchiisa	Fadata
Michilee / Duuloo	Roobalee	Daraara

Vɛɛnsʋg

Gbanvɛɛnsa

[1] ttps://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/gada-system-an-indigenous-democratic-socio-political-system-of-the-oromo-01164

[2] ttps://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/gada-system-an-indigenous-democratic-socio-political-system-of-the-oromo-01164

[3] ttps://ollaa.org/introduction-to-gadaa-system/

[4] ttps://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/234668768.pdf

[5] ttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/301650149

[6] ttps://books.google.com/books?id=_XwN2JdMYM4C

[7] ttps://books.google.com/books?id=XM-PAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA137

[8] ttps://books.google.com/books?id=HVGRAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA128

[9] ttps://books.google.com/books?id=ZkJpBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA483

[10] ttps://www.ajol.info/index.php/ejossah/article/download/159459/149011

[11] ttps://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/gada-system-an-indigenous-democratic-socio-political-system-of-the-oromo-01164

[12] ttps://www.opride.com/2017/11/17/heroic-send-off-aliyi-cirri-pioneer-oromo-freedom-fighter/

[13] ttp://www.mwu.edu.et/?q=node/283

[14] ttps://web.archive.org/web/20210418151410/https://www.oromiatourism.gov.et/attachments/article/13/The%20%20Gada%20system.pdf

[15] ttps://ethiopianembassy.be/2016/12/01/gada-system-inscribed-in-unesco-as-intangible-world-heritage/

[16] ttps://hornaffairs.com/2016/12/01/description-oromo-gada-system/

[17] ttps://oromianeconomist.com/category/odaa-bultum/

[18] ttps://www.ju.edu.et/?q=featured-stories/journey-revitalizing-gadaa-odaa-hullee-tracing-jimma-university%E2%80%99s-unwavering

[19] ttps://web.archive.org/web/20200601185946/http://bhu.edu.et/news

[20] ttps://participedia.xyz/method/4865

[21] ttps://web.archive.org/web/20230614115143/https://www.addisherald.com/chapter-6-gadaa-grades/

[22] ttps://journals.ju.edu.et/index.php/gadaa/issue/download/3/c

[23] ttps://www.bbc.com/afaanoromoo/oduu-42218860

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