Gbaʋŋ zamisʋg

Gbaʋŋ zamisʋg anɛ yam, miꞌilim nɛ itiŋ lɔꞌɔŋir zamisʋg. Li gbin kiapi an siem la mɔr biꞌesʋg ka wanꞌasik bɛɛ zamisʋg bɔɔdim an siꞌel, ka wala ka zamisug (education) bɛɛ li kɔnꞌ nɛ paꞌalʋg lini nɔbigid pʋtɛnꞌɛr sʋŋɔ. Wanꞌas bama daamidnɛ tinami na baŋ zamisʋg ka mi lin zɛm siꞌem ka mɛ nyaŋi sʋŋ ka li kɛŋ tuon. “gbaʋŋ zanmisʋg” tɔnꞌe mɛ lɛn an pʋtɛnꞌɛr nɛ baŋir ka banɛ pʋn dɛŋim zamis nɛ banɛ bɛ sakuya ni zamisid la mɔr.

Zamisʋg nam kɔnꞌɔb- kɔnꞌɔb bɛdigʋ bɛ. Gbaʋŋ zamisʋg bɛ nɛ sakur bɛda ni, wɛn wɔɔ Gomena sakur nam la. Zamis kanɛ kaꞌ sakur dɔɔginɛ, mɛ anɛ zamisʋg kanɛ pʋ paꞌan sakur dɔɔginɛ. Mɛŋ zamisʋg mɛ anɛ zamisʋg kanɛ an daar wʋsa ka li yitnɛ mɛŋ bɛllim an siꞌem. Gbaʋŋ zamisʋg nɛ dini kae gbaʋŋ zamisʋg la pʋdig nɛ zins kɔnꞌɔb-kɔnꞌɔb. Ba siꞌeba anɛ biis banɛ nan fɛnn zamisim bibaanlig zamisʋg, bikpɛɛmnam zamisʋg nɛ sakur titada zamisʋg. Siꞌeba gɔsidnɛ ba paꞌala an si.em, wɛn wɔɔ paꞌan- paꞌan la nɛ sakurbiig la zamisʋg. Zamisug kɔnꞌɔb- kɔnꞌɔb mɛ anɛ gbaʋŋ banɛ ka ba zamisid, wɛn wɔɔ dini ka ba bʋon ye science education, language education nɛ physical education la.

Gbaʋŋ zamisʋg laꞌasidnɛ biis tɛnsin ka paꞌani ba malima nɛ bʋn lini naar ye ba maal. Li tid ti ba nɛ baŋir ka ba an ninsʋma ba yaan. Wala sʋŋid ka siꞌelnam kɛn tituaa ka kɛt ka ba baŋ yɛl yaa ti kɛnna. Laꞌasʋg zins suŋid zamisʋg bɛdigʋ. Li bʋʋdi anɛ, gomena maalnɛ zamisʋg wada siꞌeba dini paꞌan sakurdɔɔgin kɛn siꞌem –siꞌem, dini ka ba paꞌaniba, nɛ anɔɔne na nyaŋ bɛɛ nar ye o kɛŋ. Tɛns kɔnꞌɔb -kɔnꞌɔb laasʋg nam, wɛn wɔɔ UNESCO ɛnti sʋŋid biis sakur zamisʋg yela.

Siꞌelnam bɛdigʋ  paꞌal ye sakurzamisʋg la kɛn tuon. Bʋn banɛ ka ti pʋ nyɛntaa ka lɛɛ bɛ ti zugin laꞌamnɛ dini kpiemisidi ti, ti miilim, nɛ ti bɛlim an siꞌem. Bunbanɛ naamidi ti yaan, wɛn wɔɔ ti daꞌas, ti tʋŋ, tinamɛ an pʋꞌab bɛɛ dab la. Bʋn banɛ lɛn paas anɛ ti siꞌelnam zamisʋg, ti paꞌan paꞌanib an sʋm siꞌem nɛ ti duadibi sʋŋid siꞌem mɛn.

Banɛ gɔsid zamisʋg anɛ sakurzamisʋg dim. Ba kpansidnɛ gɔsid zamisʋg la an siꞌel, di baasigʋ an siꞌel nɛ din nyaŋidi maan siꞌel nɛ ananiŋ siꞌem sʋŋ ka di kɛŋ tʋon. Sakurnam zamisʋg pudignɛ zins kɔnꞌɔb- kɔnꞌɔb, siꞌeba anɛ, philosophy of education, psychology of education, sociology of education, economics of education nɛ comparative education. Ba mɛ lɛn sɔnsid sakur zamisʋg pinl kʋdʋmin siꞌem. Kʋdʋmin la, ba da pʋ mɔr gbanaa zamisida, di da anɛ nɔɔr pianꞌad nɛ agɔsi maal ban maan siꞌel. Kʋdʋmin gbangmiidib da kɛ ka ba sinꞌiŋi sɔbid, ka miilim yʋn nɔbig. Din da kɛ ka ba yʋn vʋrig dini kae gbaʋŋ zamisʋg la yʋn pinl dini an gbaʋŋ zamisug yʋꞌʋs. Di pinlig la, gbaŋ zamisʋg da bɛ nɛ tis nimbɛda nɛ pʋʋsim dim. Ban da maal bʋnkanɛ maal gbana la 15^th century la kɛꞌ ka ba da maal gbana bɛdigʋ ka li zuoe gilig. Din da sʋŋ ka nidib wʋsa miꞌ karimʋg. 18^th nɛ 19^th century la, sɔ wʋsa zamisʋg la da anɛ bʋn sʋŋ. Di da kɛ ya ka biis zamisʋg paae sɔ wʋsa, ka an zaalim ka mɛ an yelkpan ye sɔ mɛkama kɛŋ ti paae yʋm sia.

Li gbin  

Sakur gbaʋŋ zamisʋg bɛɛ gbaʋŋ zamisʋg gbin an siꞌem, nidib bɛdegʋ banɛ mɔr zamisʋg kɔnꞌɔb-kɔnꞌɔb paꞌal li li gbin. Bɛdigʋ siak ye gbaʋŋ zamisʋg anɛ gbanꞌar kanɛ ka sɔꞌ na gbanꞌe ye o zamisi tiak o yaꞌam, baŋir nɛ o itiŋ pʋʋgin wʋsa. Amaa, nɔngbanwaꞌar bɛɛ kati waae ninsaali na an siꞌem o zamisʋg nyaꞌaŋ. Yinne anɛ ye gbauŋ zamisug bɛɛ zamisʋg bɛ suoya banɛ an sakur kɛn, paꞌalig nɛ zamisʋg pʋʋgin. Yinne mɛ len anɛ ye gbaʋŋ zamisʋg kaꞌ suoya ka ba dolla, amaa li anɛ nid yaꞌa dɔl suoya banna yina ka li na tiak o siꞌem la. Lin paꞌan zamisʋg la nyaꞌsim ka li na nyaŋi tiak saal pʋtɛnꞌɛr nɛ o bɛllim.” Gbaʋŋ zamisʋg" yinɛ Latin pianꞌad linɛ an educare ni na, ka li gbin anɛ "a-paꞌal-sɔ bɛɛ zamisʋg" kati waae saal pʋtɛnꞌɛr yela, educere, mɛ lɛn paꞌal ye "a-yis-paalʋ, a-gaad-tuon" kati waae saal ningbina yela.

Li buudi

Gbaʋŋ zamisʋg pʋdig nɛ zinꞌis kɔnꞌɔb-kɔnꞌɔb. zamisʋg zinꞌig la paꞌan ye li anɛ sakur zamisʋg (formal), sakur nɛ a-gɔs-ka-zamis (non-formal), bɛɛ a-gɔs-ka-zamis maꞌa (informal). zamisʋgnam mɔr bakiri kati waꞌae one zamisid la yʋʋma nɛ zamisʋg la waꞌalim paae siꞌem ben. Bakir siꞌeba mɛ gɔsidnɛ one zamisid la bɛɛ zamisʋg la yelkpanni an siꞌem. Siꞌeba mɛ gɔsidi ban dɔlisid siem paꞌan, suor banɛ ka ba dɔl, nɛ li yɔɔd la an siem.

A-paꞌal-biig-gbaŋ-yin anɛ non-formal education, one zamisid o biig dʋgʋb anɛ a-gɔs-ka-zamis (informal education).

Pʋdʋgir nam la anɛ formal, non-formal, nɛ informal education. Formal education bɛnɛ sakur dɔɔgin. Din mɔr suor kanɛ ka ba dɔl ka zamisid, ka lɛn mɔr banɛ bɛ tuon nɛ banɛ bɛ nyaꞌaŋ: sakur zamisʋg nannanna mɔr dɔɔd kɔnꞌɔb-kɔnꞌɔb, kati waꞌae sakur bil yʋʋma, nɛ o zamisʋg la paae siꞌem ben, ka lin yinɛ primary school paae university. Formal education mɔr banɛ gɔsid ka sʋꞌʋ li, gɔmɛna gɔsidi li. Li mɔr yʋʋm ben ka li an tilas ye biig kɛŋ sakuri paae.

Non-formal nɛ informal education zamisʋg kaꞌ sakur dɔɔginɛꞌ. Non-formal education bɛnɛ atanꞌ la tɛnsʋk. li nwɛn wʋʋ formal education nɛ, ba laꞌasid nɛ, ka mɔri li suori dɔl, ka mɔr gbanꞌari ba sunya ni. Li zamisʋg siꞌeba anɛ tutoring, fitness classes, nɛ scouting movement. Informal education zamisʋg pʋ mɔr suori dɔlisida, ka li zamisid nɛ daar wʋsa ka paamid yaꞌam paasid, lin anɛ a-gɔs-ka-zamis. Lin kaꞌ wʋʋ formal nɛ non-formal education nam la an siem la, lin pʋ mɔr ye oŋa nar ye o paꞌalɛ. Informal education bɛ zinꞌis babiga. Sɔꞌ wʋsa zamisidnɛ o nyɔvʋr ben wʋsa, daar wʋsa mɔr zamisʋg. zamisʋg kaŋa ba biis zamisidi ba dʋadib bʋʋdi pianꞌad, nɛ nidibi la laꞌasi zamis diib maalig.

Ziꞌesim

Biis bɛ kindergarten sakur dɔɔgin Japan sʋꞌʋlim.

Gbaʋŋ zamisʋg pʋdʋgiri an siꞌem la mɛ lɛn an kɔnꞌɔb-kɔnꞌɔb nɔbigir pʋʋgin. Ban dɔl suor sia pʋdʋgid la yinne an International Standard Classification of Education. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) dim mɛ siaki li ka dɔlli li. Formal nɛ non-formal education paasi li pʋʋgin. Li paꞌal pʋdʋgir la kati waꞌae one zamisid la yʋʋma, zamisʋg la mɔr saŋa sia ben, nɛ linɛ ka ba zamisid la zuoe paae siꞌem ben. Linɛ paas anɛ sɔꞌ na mɔr siꞌel ka nyaan paam suori kpɛnꞌɛ zamisʋg zinꞌig la, paꞌan-paꞌan la baŋiri nar ye li paae siꞌem ben, nɛ one zamisid la na ti yina an siꞌem o zamisʋg naar saŋa. Pʋdigir la anɛ early childhood education (level 0), primary education (level 1), secondary education (levels 2–3), post-secondary non-tertiary education (level 4), nɛ tertiary education (levels 5–8).

Early childhood education mɛ len an preschool education bɛɛ nursery education. Zamisʋg kaŋa pinꞌil nɛ biig dʋꞌam saŋa ti paae on na pinꞌil primary school. Li gbanꞌar anɛ ye li sʋŋ ka biig nɔbig ningbiŋin, pʋtɛnꞌɛr ni nɛ o tɛŋ yela an siꞌem. Li sʋŋid ka biig la nyaŋidi laꞌasid o taaba nɛ o nɔbigir pʋʋgin. Li zamisʋg siꞌeba an pianꞌad, yaꞌam zamisʋg nɛ on na nyaŋi wɛlig yel. Nwaꞌ tiꞌebid biis ka ba nyaan paae primary education.

Primary school biisi zinꞌi maꞌasim bɛ Bamozai, Afghanistan

Primary (bɛɛ elementary) education pinꞌil nɛ yʋma anu paae ayɔpɔi, ka zamisʋg la mɔr yʋma anaasi kɛŋ paae ayɔpɔi pʋʋgin. Li pʋ len mɔr suor kanɛ ka sɔꞌ na dɔl ka kpɛnꞌɛ gaad yʋʋma la. Lin gbanꞌar anɛ ye li paꞌal biis ka ba mɔr baŋir nɛ kariŋ, gbaʋŋ sɔb nɛ kaanlig pʋʋgin. Amaa li zamisʋg la laꞌam paas yaꞌam baŋiri bɛ yɛl banɛ gaad (history), tɛngbaʋŋ yela (geography), naꞌasaa-sɔɔng (sciences), yʋʋma (music), and nɛ ninwisigir (art). Zamisʋg la mɛ len anɛ ye li kɛ ka nɔbigi ba bɛlim pʋʋgin. Zina nwaꞌ, primary education anɛ tilas tɛnꞌɛs bɛdigɔ ni. Biis kɔbiga pʋʋgin dʋnia wʋsa, piswai banɛ paae sakur ken sid bɛ primary school.

Secondary gbaʋŋ zamisʋg  anɛ linɛ tial primary education. Li mɔr nidib banɛ yi yʋʋma piiga nɛ ayi paae piiga nɛ anii (12 to 18 years). Li pʋdʋgnɛ lower secondary education (middle school bɛɛ junior high school) nɛ upper secondary education (high school, senior high school, bɛɛ college, ka li bɛ kɔnꞌɔb-kɔnꞌɔb tɛŋ wʋsa). Lower secondary education mɔri li zamisʋg naar wʋʋ lin mɔr sɔꞌ na an siꞌem ka nyaan kpɛnꞌɛ anina siꞌem la. Li gbanꞌar anɛ ye li yaligi ba pʋtɛnda nɛ ba zamisʋg pʋʋgin. Li zamisʋg bɛꞌ gʋn-gʋn ka paꞌalig wʋsa mɔri li suor, ka banɛ paꞌan la sɔꞌ wʋsa mɔr zinꞌig kanɛ ka o paꞌan. Li bɔɔdim anɛ ye li paꞌal sakur biis ka ba zamis zamisʋg yaꞌam gʋn-gʋn paꞌalig kɔnꞌɔb-kɔnꞌɔb pʋʋgin. Zamisʋg siꞌeba paꞌanni ba nʋꞌʋg tʋʋma paꞌala. Tɛŋ siꞌeba ni, kpɛla an naar zinꞌig ka li an tilas ye biig kɛŋ sakuri paae.

High-school senior (twelfth grade) sakur dɔɔg bɛ Calhan, Colorado, United States

Upper secondary gbaʋŋ zamisug anɛ ye li paꞌal nidib yaꞌam kanɛ ka ba na yina paam tʋʋma tʋm ka mɛ len tiꞌebi ba ka ba paae tertiary gbaʋŋ zamisʋg. Sɔꞌ na niŋ siꞌem ka paae anina anɛ on na naae lower secondary education. Li zamisʋg la zuoe nɛ. sakur biis la na nyaŋi gaŋ ban bɔɔd ye ba zamis zamis-gʋn siꞌeba ben. Li zamisʋg naar mɔr gbaʋŋ kanɛ ka ba tisid ka li an high school diploma. Zamisʋg siꞌeba bɛ secondary education nyaꞌaŋ ka lɛɛ pʋ paas tertiary education nii. Ba laꞌas banɛ buon post-secondary non-tertiary education ka lin nɛ secondary education dɔl taaba. Amaa, zamis ban anɛ nʋꞌʋg tʋʋma paꞌalʋg ye li tiebi ba ka ba yina nyɛ tʋʋma tʋm.

Sakur biis banɛ bɛ laboratory, Saint Petersburg State Polytechnical University

Tɛŋ sieba ni, tertiary education ba lɛn buon ye higher education amaa zinꞌig siꞌeba, tertiary education anɛ linɛ yalim. Li laꞌam paꞌas secondary education amaa ka sɔꞌ wʋsa zamisid zamisʋg gʋn-gʋn. lin naar diꞌed  kasɛta gbaʋŋ kanɛ an academic degree. Li mɔr pʋdʋgir anaasi: saŋa biꞌela (short-cycle) tertiary, Bachelor's, Master's, nɛ doctoral level of education.

Short-cycle tertiary education gɔsidnɛ nʋꞌʋg tʋʋma yela. Li siꞌeba anɛ advanced vocational nɛ professional training ye li tieb sakur biis ka ba yina nyɛ tʋʋma tʋm. Bachelor's level education mɛ anɛ undergraduate education. Lin yʋʋgidi gat short-cycle tertiary education. Zamis ban bɛnɛ universities ka li zamisʋg naar mɔr kasɛta gbaʋŋ kanɛ buon bachelor's degree. Master's level education ni, sɔꞌ wʋsa mɔr o zamis gʋnni gaad undergraduate education. Doctoral level education naar mɔr kasɛta gbaʋŋ kanɛ buon doctor's degree.

Homeschooling anɛ zamisʋg yinne.

Alternative education anɛ zamisʋg kanɛ bɛɛ li kɔnꞌɔ nɛ sakurnamin zamisʋg la. Ba zamisid zinꞌis bɛdigɔ, ka paꞌan zamisa gʋn-gʋn, ka paꞌanib nɛ sakur biis la mɔr nɔɔr yinne nɛ taaba. Alternative schooling zamisʋg nii, mugusug kae tis paꞌanib bɛɛ sakur biis la, zamisʋg dɔɔg la pʋ paae sakur dɔɔgɔ. zamis kaŋa ni, sɔꞌ wʋsa yaꞌam dignɛ ka zamisʋg zinꞌig la mɛ an sʋŋa. Alternative education bɛ kɔnꞌɔb-kɔnꞌɔb ka ba siꞌeba an charter schools nɛ zamisʋg kanɛ ka ba paꞌan biis banɛ mɔr tadiŋ siꞌeba bɛɛ banɛ ka winaꞌam tisi ba yaꞌam gaadi ba taaba. Linɛ len paas anɛ homeschooling nɛ unschooling. Ti mɔr alternative schooling traditions bɛdigɔ, ka ba siꞌeba an Montessori schools, Waldorf schools, Round Square schools, Escuela Nueva schools, free schools, nɛ democratic schools. Alternative education mɛ len mɔr indigenous education. Ka li gbanꞌar anɛ ye li paꞌal yaꞌam nɛ baŋir. Zamisʋg kaŋa ba ɛɛnti pianꞌ vɛnlig ka mɛ mɔr sɔlima li pʋʋgin.

Li tʋʋma

Gbaʋŋ zamisʋg bɛɛ zamisʋg mɔr sʋŋir bɛdigɔ tis tɛngbaʋŋ, ka li anɛ ti tɛnsin bɛlim, ligidi nyɛɛb yela nɛ ninsaal mɛŋ nɔbigir yela. Ti tɛnsin la, gbaʋŋ zamisiʋg kɛt ka tɛŋ maan ka nɔbigidi kɛn tuon. Li kɛt ka nidib paamid yaꞌam nɛ baŋir kanɛ ka ba na nyaŋi sʋŋi ba tɛns ka mɛ paam ban bɔɔd siꞌel. Ti tɛnsin zina nwaꞌ, yaꞌam bɛdigɔ mɔr bɔɔdim, wʋʋ tinami na nyaŋi pianꞌad, karim gbaʋŋ ka mɛ sɔb gbaŋ, ka mɛ maal yel bibis wʋʋ kanlig yela. Li mɛ lɛn paꞌan yaꞌam kanɛ ka ti na mɔr ka zanl naꞌasaasɔnꞌɔg laꞌad. Biis kilimid bisʋma tɛŋin yit yaꞌam bama zamisʋg pʋʋgin. Linɛ paasi ti tɛngbaŋ sʋŋir pʋʋgin anɛ lin kɛt ka biis nyaŋidi laꞌasidi ba taaba ka zamisid tɛŋ wada nɛ li malima nam la. Li kɛt ka ba baŋid itima banɛ an sʋm nɛ itima banɛ pʋ dɔl tɛngbaʋŋ wadaa. Li anɛ suor kanɛ ka saam nɛ biis dɔlisid ka baŋid malima, nɛ yelsʋma banɛ bɛ tɛngbaʋŋ pʋʋgin. Ninsaalib bɛlim nɛ taaba zamisʋg bɛnɛ la ti nyɔvʋr bɛn wʋsa ka li bɔɔdim tilas an biilim saŋa zamisʋg (childhood education). Li kɛt ka a-laꞌas-taaba bɛ, nɛ nɔɔryinne linɛ an sʋm tɛngbaŋ nɔbigir pʋʋgin la.

Li tʋʋma sakuya ni

Gɔmɛna lʋga siꞌeba, wʋʋ Chinese Ministry of Education, mɔr tʋʋma gbaʋŋ zamisʋg pʋʋgin.

Lʋga bɛdigɔ mɔr tʋʋma gbaʋŋ zamisʋg yela. Lʋga banɛ an sakurnam (schools), universities, teacher training institutions, nɛ ministries of education namɛ laꞌasi an gbaʋŋ zamisʋg lʋga. Ba laꞌasidi tʋmmi ba tʋʋma nɛ lʋga siꞌeba, dʋadib, tɛŋ kpɛɛmnam, nɛ winpʋꞌʋs dɔɔd. lʋga siꞌeba anɛ NGOs, professionals banɛ bɛ healthcare, law enforcement, media platforms, nɛ naꞌadɔɔg kpɛɛmnam. Nidib bɛdegɔ mɔr tʋʋma gbʋaŋ zamisʋg lʋgʋr la ni (education sector). Ba siꞌeba an sakur biis (students), paꞌan-paꞌanib (teachers), nɛ sakur sʋꞌʋdib (school principals) nɛ sakur nurse nam nɛ banɛ maan zamisʋg suoya banɛ ka ba dɔlisid ka zamisid (curriculum developers).

Labakʋda

Gbaʋŋ zamisʋg pinꞌilig yela paꞌan suoya nɛ lʋga banɛ bɛ paꞌalig nɛ zamisʋg pʋʋgin. Li paꞌan bʋn linɛ laꞌas taaba ka ti yʋꞌʋn mɔr gbaʋŋ zamisʋg nɛ zamis siꞌeba zina nwaꞌ la. Gbaʋŋ zamisʋg bɛɛ zamisʋg da pinꞌil ya ka ba nan pʋ sɔbid gbana nii, kpɛɛmnam da paꞌan biis yaꞌam nɛ baŋir kanɛ ka ba na mɔr ka bɛ titua ba tɛnsin. Paꞌan-paꞌanib banɛ zamis gbaʋŋ da kae, ka banɛ an kpɛɛmnam paꞌan biis ka li kas-kas anɛ ba daar wʋsa bɛlim na an siꞌem. Nidib da zamisidi yitnɛ pianꞌad pʋʋgin, ka mɛ gɔsid taaba itima ka zamisid. Li siꞌeba da anɛ sɔlima nɛ yʋʋma ka ba da mɔri paꞌan yaꞌam, baŋir nɛ suor dɔlisig kanɛ ka dʋadib bɔɔd ye ba biis dɔl.

Linɛ da an yiiga, ancient civilizations da pinꞌil nɛ lin yi 3000 paae 1500 BCE bɛ Egypt, Mesopotamia, nɛ North China. Kʋdʋmin zamisʋg da pinꞌil nɛ sɔb zamisʋg nɛ sakur dɔɔgʋn zamisʋg. sɔb zamisʋg nyaŋi sʋŋ ka gbaʋŋ zamisʋg pinꞌilig yela nyaŋi kpɛnꞌɛ gbana ni. Li yinɛ sɔb ni ka li an naꞌanaꞌa ka sɔꞌ na nyaŋi gʋꞌ labaya ka nidib bɛdigɔ na nyaŋi paami li. Nwaꞌ kɛ ka yela bɛdigɔ kɛna wʋʋ gbana banɛ mɔri sɔbid (textbooks), nɛ lʋga siꞌeba wʋʋ sakurnam.

Linɛ len paasi ti zina gbaʋŋ zamisʋg pʋʋgin anɛ gbaʋŋ zamisʋg naꞌasaasɔnꞌɔg laꞌad siꞌeba kɛna la. Laꞌad banɛ an computers nɛ internet kɛna kɛ ka gbaʋŋ zamisʋg laꞌad zuoe ka mɛ len kɛ ka nidib na nyaŋi bɛ yaan ka zamis gbaʋŋi yi tɛŋ lalli (online education). Nwaꞌ da an yelkpan COVID-19 pandemic saŋa ka sakur nam da yɔꞌ ka siꞌeba zamisid lalli sa yitnɛ video conferencing bɛɛ zamisʋg kanɛ yitnɛ video lessons nii paꞌan biis.