Holy Week in Guatemala

Holy Week in Guatemala

tradition

Country	Guatemala
Location	Guatemala
Country of origin	Guatemala
Intangible cultural heritage status	Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity
Described at URL	https://ich.unesco.org/es/RL/la-semana-santa-en-guatemala-01854, https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/holy-week-in-guatemala-01854, https://ich.unesco.org/fr/RL/la-semaine-sainte-au-guatemala-01854?RL=01854, https://ich.unesco.org/fr/RL/la-semaine-sainte-au-guatemala-01854

Holy week in Guatemala (Bakɔi Sʋŋ) Guatemala anɛ  Winaꞌam pʋꞌʋsim kaanbʋg malʋŋ kanɛ ka ba maanɛ dɔlsid suoraʋg zugʋ paꞌanɛ ba yadda nigir, ka ba buon ye prossesion (ken), “hermandad” n gɔti li yɛla. Holy week procession, ken ni wʋsa ba yaꞌasidi yin-yin ka Passion of Christ bɛɛ Marian fɔɔtʋ nam bɛ, laꞌam nɛ bay is sieba bas woo allegorical step of saints.

Li siꞌiŋir

Catholic pʋꞌʋsim la nimbaanl zɔɔr kanɛ bɛ Guatemala nananna nwa la niŋ nɛ woo nyalʋŋ nɛ lieb siꞌim, siꞌis nidib la ka li anɛ syncretism kanɛ bɛ Mayan pʋꞌʋsim nɛ Catholic pʋꞌʋsim wada tensʋk. Spanish in the colonial era da zaŋ America kʋdʋg buudi malima  nɛ Catholic pʋꞌʋsim malima laꞌasi ba paas kaanbʋg la ni.

Syncretism kpɛn anɛ woo pipiʋŋ ka ba gʋli niŋ sawdust carpet ni Crista pʋꞌʋsim malʋŋ kenning, bɔzugɔ pipiʋŋ la da kaꞌ nɛ bʋn-iandiri tis Maya. Li da anɛ wintaŋ la zanbin- ba winbɛda la yinne- ka an vʋm nɛ vʋm yaꞌaŋ. Fɔɔtʋ kaŋa nwa pʋ bɛ zinꞌisia Bakɔi Sʋŋ kaanbʋg malʋŋ la ni Spain teŋin nɛ.

pre-columbine era

A na niŋ siꞌem ka gbanꞌae dʋnbama nwa Guatemala Bakɔi Sʋŋ la gbin anɛ fʋn na lɛb nyaꞌaŋi gɔs Maya pʋꞌʋsim zinꞌigin, ka malima la da nwɛni li siꞌali nɛ teŋ la din, ka linɛ da na kɛ ka America teŋ dim la siꞌak Catholic pʋꞌʋsim malima la. Nwɛnnim la yinne anɛ Guatemala teŋ dim la da ziidi ba nidib banɛ da mɔr arizak nɛ naꞌanam ken katens, palanquin pʋʋgin, transport wealthy citizens and rulers.

Li da  pʋ tɔi tis teŋin dim la nɛ ban na siꞌak Holy Trinity la bɛllim, bɔzugɔ ban miꞌ ye, banɛ naam dunia la anɛ atanꞌ, ka maya mittib miꞌ b aka ba anɛ “G1”, “G2” and “G3”, ka kʋ nwaasim Virgin Mary, bɔzugɔ ba da zaŋ o kaꞌo anɛ lxchel- nwadig la, vʋm daan- ma, the moon, creative life- mother.

Bakɔi sʋŋ Medieval Europe teŋin

The cross is not exclusive of Judeo-Christian; even Chiapas and parts of Huehuetenango, it is still used to keep out evil spirits in some villages. Also as symbolic of purification, the Mayas fasted in the final five days of your calender as well as for special holidays. Juan Antonio Valadés,PhD in Archaeology

Main article: Holy Week

Bakɔi Sʋŋ da naam nɛ Council of Nicea –Roman Emperor Constantine I da ziꞌeli li 325 A D yʋʋm la ni –bɔzugʋ council kan ni ba da gbanꞌae ka ban a maal la aluak kimsa malʋŋ nɛ ban na gɛlig kimsa la dabisa la siꞌem. Li nyaꞌaŋa Knights Templar da tis wada kɛ ka li sʋŋ Passion of Christ ka li nɔbig. Wada la da lɛn kae la, -close order fourteenth century –Franciscans da pɛsigi ba mɛŋ tis ye ba na mɔr malʋŋ la li an siꞌem la ka tiꞌakir kʋ naami li nii, banɛ da mɔri  Via Crucis kena, malʋŋ la sankanɛ nidib kɔnꞌɔb-kɔnꞌɔb ye bɛ Holy Week festivities la ni.

Pinꞌiligin la ba da maan kaanbʋg la nɛ pʋꞌʋsim dɔɔd pʋʋgin, ka ninbanɛ tʋʋm taal pʋ paasa ani. Yaꞌaŋ ka ba da tiaki maani li dɔlisid suoya, ani ka nidib paꞌani ba taal, people took to the street to express their guilt.

Bourbon Reforms

Main article: Bourbon Reforms

Yʋʋm tusir yinne, kɔbʋs yɔpɔi nɛ pisyuobʋ nɛ anu, 1765 la ni, Spanish Crown da yis Bourbon reforms kanɛ da an ye ba lɛbi zaŋi ba paŋ la ka paas lampo diꞌesig teŋ banɛ ka ba kpɛn faan bɛla, power over the colonies and increase tax collection. Tias bama nwa ni, ba da maal wada ziꞌel ye li gɔsid kpikpiŋ yɛla woo alcoholic beerages maalʋg, snuff, gunpowder, playing cards nɛ cock fights nam wʋsa maalʋg. Yʋʋm yinne pʋʋgin wʋsa Roal Treasury la da ye kuosɛ teŋ la kpikpiŋ sieba la ka lɛn daꞌ li sʋꞌoe, lin kɛ ya ka kpikpiŋ la sieba an ba din ka sɔ da kaꞌ sour ye o kpɛn kuosim ban nii. Yʋʋm kan ni yaꞌas, ba da maal Royal Treasury la kpikpiŋ buudi anaasi San Salvador, Ciudad Real, Comayagua nɛ León ka Guatemala teŋgbaʋŋ la zanlim nɛ li pʋdigir tiaki an 15 provinces.

Ban da pʋdig teŋ la tɔdi tis taab la, Spanish crown da ziꞌeli wada ka li sie Catholic windɔɔg pʋꞌʋsim la paŋ, to diminish the power of the Catholic Church, paŋ kanɛ da tiing Spanish vassals wʋsa. Wada kanɛ da an ye li sie pʋꞌʋsim la paŋ la da anɛ li nie, Enlightenment ka mɔri yɛlzuta ayuobʋ.

1. Decline of Jesuit cultural heritage
2. Trend towards a secular secularized culture
3. Decidedly rationalist attitude
4. Precedence of natural science over religious dogma
5. Severe criticism of the role of the church in society, especially the fraier and nun monasteries. These have sort to excessive economic power of some brotherhood, their large number, the lack of administrative and fiscal control by the authorities and public manisfestations of piety, the latter listed as signs of backwardness and fanaticism, especially those of Holy Week.

19^th Century

Gɔsim nɛŋa yaꞌas: Rafael Carrera and Justo Rufino Barrios

Ban da kad Aycinena Clan n yisi ba bas yʋʋm tusir yinne, kɔbʋs nii nɛ pisi nɛ awai 1829 ni la nyaꞌaŋ, liberals la da kad regula orders la bas ka kɛ nɛ secular clergy la maꞌaa teŋin la, ba lɛɛ da pʋ maki ziꞌel mandatory tithing na an siꞌem. Nɛꞌɛŋa da gɛɛns Catholic pʋꞌʋsim la Guatemala teŋin, amaa liberal gɔbina zugraan Mariano Gȧlvez da gʋꞌʋŋ ye o kad cholera morbus wiim yis la nyaꞌaŋ, maanmaan kpɛɛmnam da nyaꞌas kpaadbibis la wʋsa ka ba zanꞌas o, ka Rafael Carrera kpɛŋ saŋa la, ka kad Gȧlvez nɛ liberal yis kpiʋŋin. Yʋʋm piiga nyaꞌaŋ gɔbina ni, Carrera da bas sour ka regular orders nɛ conservative ellite Catholics lɛb na, ka yɛli digil ka compulsory tithing lɛbna yaꞌas, ka sʋŋii kpɛmis pʋꞌʋsim la teŋin la ka ba paꞌali ba yadda niŋir woo Holy Week n nyɛ nɔbigir siꞌem la. Sida, yʋʋm tusir yinne, kɔbʋs nii nɛ pisnu nɛ ayi, 1852 ni la Guatemala nɛ Holy see la da tik nuꞌug nɛ concordat ka li da bɛnɛ yuoliŋ la nuꞌusin ye ba gɔs ka Guatemala teŋ nidib la paam gbaʋŋ zamisig baŋir ka da sʋŋi kpɛmis pʋꞌʋsim dim sʋꞌʋlim nam la wʋsa ka ba naalim taab, church state union in the country was reinforced.

Conservative saŋa la ni da gʋꞌʋŋ la nyaꞌaŋ ka liberal da di yaꞌan yʋʋm yʋʋm tusir yinne, kɔbʋs nii nɛ pisyɔpɔi nɛ yinne, 1871 ni la, Catholic pʋꞌʋsim la da nyɛ saansigi ba kpikpiŋ nɛ ba malima ni woo lin da naam siꞌem yʋʋm tusir yinne, kɔbʋs nii nɛ pisi nɛ awai ni la ka ba da namis Francisco Morazȧn liberal gɔbina nuꞌusin siꞌem la. Yʋʋm tusir yinne, kɔbʋs nii nɛ pisyɔpɔi nɛ atanꞌ la ni, ba da yis regular orders la bas ba saŋa ni, ka da faaen laꞌadi laꞌan kpab nɛ-convents, haciendas nɛ Indians doctrines teŋgbaʋŋ la ni wʋsa- ka da kad mandatory tithing la diꞌesigi bas, ka lɛɛ da bas secular clergy la wada la ka lin tʋm ba pʋꞌʋsim naming la without stable income

Article 32: It guarantees the right for the various purposes of life, according to law. The establishment of monastic congregations and all kind of monastic institutions or associations as well as the formation of operation political organizations, either of international or foreign character is prohibited. Are not included in this prohibition, organizations that advocate the Central American Union And the Pan-American or continental solidarity doctrines. Constitution of Guatemala of 1945

Sigsaa nwadig la ni, yʋʋm tusir yinne, kɔbʋs nii nɛ piswai nɛ yinne, 1891 ni la, Pope Leo xIII da yisi o Rerum Novarum encyclical-tʋmtʋmnib la bɛ siꞌem-gbaʋŋ kanɛ da sʋŋ Catholic pʋꞌʋsim nidib ka ba paam tiakir ka nyaŋi bɛi nɛ liberal states la; Guatemala teŋin nɛɛ, yam paal da sʋŋi kpɛmis baŋir nwa nɛ fɔɔtʋ namin nɛ pianꞌad namin kɛ ka li paae yadda ni ye li kɛ ka liberal state la tunꞌoe tɔlisid labaya sʋŋa. Catholicism nɔbigir United States da pinꞌili an zanbin in the reconquest of ideological power in totally liberal states.

Catholicism da paam paŋ José Maria Reyna Barrios gɔbina la saŋa (1892-1898), barika pʋꞌʋsim kenɛ tisidi o gɔbina la saŋa kanɛ da bas sour tis secular clergy nɛ on da bɔɔd ye art nɛ defence of local culture widig zinꞌig wʋsa, linɛ da kɛ kꞌo siak ka paas Berne Convention, ka naꞌasid yadda niŋir paꞌalig kanɛ ka ba paꞌan Passion of Christ sour ken malʋŋin la. Ba da nyaŋi maal nɛŋa nɛ laꞌan nɛ Reyna Barrios da an high degree Freemason. Amaa, sour da pʋ bɛ ye regular orders la kpɛn gbaʋŋin nɛ, bɔzugɔ, Guatemala teŋ wada la da kisigi ba bɛllim teŋgbaʋŋ la zug sankan la at the time.

20^th Century

Jacobo Arbenz saŋa la luub nyaꞌaŋa, Catholic pʋꞌʋsim la da lɛn diꞌe o kpiꞌʋŋ kanɛ kꞌo da mɔri conservative government of Rafael Carrera in the 19^th century la yaꞌas, lin pʋʋgin laa, a sʋꞌʋe m mɛŋ pʋꞌʋsim zamisig da paam nɔbigir lin da yi yʋʋm tusir yinne, kɔbʋs wai nɛpisnu nɛ anu, 1955 ni la ken, mittib da yɔꞌɔs sakuya bɛdigʋ tis  biribis banɛ da pʋn ken secular gɔbina sukuya la ka ba kpɛn.

Laꞌan nɛ Guatemala Arcbishop, Mariano Rossell y Arellano da yis gbaʋŋi paꞌan ye Catholic pʋꞌʋsim la da pʋ iedi suoya ye ba zab nɛ Arbenz, o da nyaŋi kɛ ka colonel Carlos Castillo Armas gɔbina la kpɛn paas teŋ la 1956 wada gbaʋŋin la, Ka li anɛ nɛꞌɛnam:

• Wada na tis sour ka Catholic pʋꞌʋsim nɛ pʋꞌʋsim buudi wʋsa na tunꞌoe mɔri laꞌad ka yisi ba, ka li anɛ ye laꞌad la ye li zaŋi tʋm nɛ pʋꞌʋsim tʋʋma, nidib laꞌasig zinꞌigin bɛɛ zamisig yɛla, provided they are intended for religious and social work or education.

• Ba da yɛli ziꞌel ye pʋʋꞌʋsim zamisig anɛ fʋ yam yaꞌ bɔɔdi li official premises zinꞌigin: teŋ la wada gbaʋŋin, article 97 paꞌal ye wada la na gɔsid pʋꞌʋsim zamisig yɛla official premises ni, amaa ka teŋ la da pʋ titta ka lɛɛ ye li anɛ yam bɔɔdim. Li ye sour mɛ lɛn bɛ ye tʋʋma zinꞌig wʋsa dim tunꞌoe zamis gbaʋŋ, freedom of education in all other establishments.

• Teŋ la na sʋŋid nɛ pʋꞌʋsim sakuya la maalig: Article 111 yɛl ye a sʋꞌʋ m mɛ sakuya banɛ paꞌan nidib la zaalim kʋ yɔɔd lampɔ sieba teɛin la ka lin anɛ piini ba tʋʋm zaal la zug, in compensation for their service.

Rossell y Areliano da pinꞌili mɔɔn nɛ kpiꞌeʋŋi bɔɔd ye o lɛbis Catholicism Guatemala yaꞌas: o da keŋ paae nɛ Arcbishop palace nɛ Bishop Francisco Marroquin yinɛ bɛ San Juan del Obispo, Sacatepequez, Moraug nwadig la dapisi nɛ ayi daar, yʋʋm tusir yinne, kɔbʋs wai nɛ pisnu nɛ atanꞌ July 22, 1953 ni la, o da diꞌe maanmaanib, fathers Antonio Rodriguez Pedrazuela nɛ José Maria Bȧscones banɛ da pinꞌil Opus Dei tʋʋma la Guatemala teŋin; ka yʋʋm tusir yinne, kɔbʋs wai nɛ pisnu nɛ awai ni la ka ba da maal yiiga Central American Eucharistic Congress. Bibiꞌel o da ti paam kɛ ka regular orders lɛb Guatemala teŋin na paas Second Vatican Council, kan ka Pope John xxIII da gɔsi li yɛla.

Yʋʋma ken aka gaad, ka sour ken nɛ labaya tisib yɛla paam nɔbigir, a ken ɛ kaad pʋꞌʋsim zink nɛ pʋꞌʋsidi tit Esquipulas Winaꞌam la ka the city “Latin American  Capital  of Faith” maal la yʋʋm tusir yinne, kɔbʋs wai nɛ pisnu nɛ ayuobʋ, 1956 la ni, Pope Pius xxIII da duoe Prelature Nullius Cristi of Esquipulas ziꞌel kanɛ ka Municipality of Esquipulas nɛ li Cathedral Sanctuary da pinꞌili li. Ban da gaŋ Pope la kʋ da an Prime Esquipulas Prelate Arcbishop Rossell y Arellano. Rossell yɛlkpan yiiga daan da anɛ o kɛ ka pʋꞌʋsim dim la gɔsid pʋꞌʋsim yir la yɛla; link a ba da mak bʋ siꞌem ka gʋꞌʋŋ, o da mɔɔ nyaŋi paam sʋŋir Benedictine Abbey of San José Louisiana teŋi bɛ United States la. On palm Sunday of 1959, Vanmaꞌasa Lasiddaar yʋʋm tusir yinne, kɔbʋs wai nɛ pisnu nɛ awai ni la, Benedictine monks nama atanꞌ yiiga dim la da ken Esquipulas na pinꞌil Monastery. Yaꞌa tɛnꞌɛs pʋꞌʋsim nam la, malima nam nɛ siꞌiŋir yɛla, Pope John xxIII da siꞌak nɛ Bishop Rossell Arellano fabʋlig la ka da dʋꞌʋs the Sactuary of Esquipulas paae the rank of Minor Basilica 1961 yʋʋm la ni

Holy Week art