Nanzʋ'ʋs
| Subclass of | cultigen, useful plant  |
|---|---|
| Has use | medicinal plant, vegetable, spice |
| Short name | C. annuum |
| Taxon name | Capsicum annuum |
| Taxon rank | species |
| Parent taxon | Capsicum |
| Has fruit type | berry |
| This taxon is source of | bell pepper, chili pepper, paprika oleoresin |
| IUCN conservation status | LC |
| NatureServe conservation status | secure |
| Described at URL | https://yerbateca.org/plantas/capsicum-annuum/ |
| External data available at URL | https://www.gbif.org/dataset/93725bf2-6ada-47f9-bd5e-0e679e3d245e, https://www.gbif.org/dataset/31dc1507-a6e1-4233-a8df-c7a78596a7e4 |
| Subject has role | seasoning |
| Hardiness of plant | 4 |
| Taxon author citation | L. |
| GRIN URL | https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=8904 |
| Sequenced genome URL | https://plants.ensembl.org/Capsicum_annuum |
| Unicode character | 🌶 |
Nanzʋ'ʋs anɛ wala banɛ mɔr biili ka ba an fiin-fiin. Nanzʋ'ʋwiid bɛ ka sieba an dɔnbʋʋlʋg.[1] Kusaas duoe nɛ nazʋ'ʋsieba la tɔinɛ hali. Nanzʋ'ʋs la anɛ dinɛ da bɛ ti yaanam saŋa ka ba mɔri li kɔɔd ka di pa'as ba bʋnbʋʋda zug. Li mɛ lɛn anɛ dinɛ ka ba da nɔki yi yʋma 6,000 bɛ Mexico sʋ'ʋlʋm.[2] Nanzʋ'ʋs mɔr buudi bɛdigʋ hali wʋʋ 30 an buudkanɛ pa'as bɛ ba ni, ka ba kɔɔdi li zi'ɛns bɛdigʋ ka nidib mɔr dit saŋa wusa, ka di bɛ zi'iŋ wusa dunia nwa.. aazʋ'ʋ buud kaŋa mɔr tʋʋma bɛdigʋ bɛ dʋk pʋʋgin, Tiima ni, ti mɛŋ gu'ʋb ni ,hali ka mɛ tʋon nɔki di maal si'el li vɛnn.[2]
Ba da nye wala bama buudi yʋ'ʋr Capsicum yit na'asaanam pian'ʋk kanɛ buon Greek bɛ Latin sɔbʋg capto dinɛ pa'an "to grasp,seize "nɛ li pa'an li wala la tɔi siem ,la mɛ lɛn pa'al ye yʋ'ʋr la yitnɛ Latin sɔbʋg capsa "box" pa'an wala la an siem ba buudi la ni[3]. Nɛ wɛla Nanzʋ'ʋs kɔn'ɔb-kɔn'ɔb yʋ'ʋr annuum gbin anɛ "annual" (bɛ Latin annus , "yʋʋm"), tiig la ka'a nɛ lin bɛ saŋa si'a amaa ma'asuŋ zin'ig ni[4]. Wak ya'a ti kat di tuon vɔ' saŋa bɛdigʋ, ka maligim tʋ' wila nɛ vaad suma.yʋ'ʋr banɛ ka ba lɛn mɔr ka di yit nɛ apʋ gba'ar m gbin bɛ Europeans banɛ da la'as bɛ Columbian exchange. Ba da fasigi tɛ'ɛns ye spicy fruits anɛ buudi yine nɛ black pepper plant , kanɛ mɛ mɔr spicy fruit. Amaa tiig wala pʋ mɔr kpɛnim biɛla.Yʋ'ʋr banɛ ka ti mɔr buon Capsicum annuum wala bɛ na'asaalin bɛnɛ kɔ'ɔnb-kɔn'ɔnb dɔlisid yit zi'isi'a nɛ li buudi. Ba bɛdim, masim kɔ'ɔb -kɔ'ɔb bɛ Australia nɛ New Zealand.[5] Great Britain nɛ Ireland, tiwala ba ma kuodib la'asid sɔnsid bɛ la'aŋ nam ni ye ba baŋ wala la "malisim " bɛɛ "tɔi/chilli" peppers, li pʋ taa tisid ba yʋ'ʋr kim nɛ.Canada nɛ United States an zi'ig kanɛ ka ba kuodi ba buudi buudi wɛn wuu "bell", "jalapeño", "cayenne", or "bird's eye" peppers, ka li mɔr giŋgaŋ bɛ fʋ ya'a lɛm di bʋn malisima nɛ dinɛ tɔi.[6]
Nwaasim
[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]Capsicum annuum cultivars anɛ bʋnbil nwɛn wuu tituudnam ka mɔr wiila bɛdigʋ ka o tiil la an baanlig, ka tun'e dʋ, ba sieba tʋ'ɔn zɔ'ɔ paai makit ayi wa'alim (6.56 feet) dɔlisid sieba ni dɔt.[7] Ka tikaŋa an bʋnbil bɛɛ bʋnsia'ɛsin ka ba vaad la an mʋʋli wʋʋ gɛl la ka yɛɛn kil-kil, ka saŋa sieba ba tʋoe nɔbig paa 7.5 cm (3 inches) ba yalʋg ni , bɛdigʋ tita'am anɛ dɛn'ɛn dɔlisid kuob la ni ba vaad tʋoe lɛbig sabil yɔɔsid bɛɛ lɛbig sabil tii la ya'a ti yʋʋg.capsicum annuum anɛ wala banɛ dɔlisid suaya anaasi yit na (zɛɛd biid , zɛvaad, pʋʋm, nɛ di wala.)[8] onɛ an puum tii la mɔr zɛ'ɛsim bɛ ba pʋʋm nɛ ba wala ni ka ba sieba nwɛn wʋʋ wadig bill nɛ bɛɛ sieba nwɛn wʋʋ lʋmid an siem ba pʋʋm ni an siem nwɛnim pʋʋgin dɛn'ɛn, pɛɛlig nyɔɔlʋg. nwɛn wɛn pʋʋm, ka wala bɛ kɔ'ɔb-kɔ'ɔb ba zɛ'ɛsim (di nwɛn lʋmid bɛ nazʋ'ʋs wiil ni), nɛ di wɛnim sieba nwa, zɛn'ʋg, dɔnbʋʋlʋm, dɛn'ɛn nɛ sabilik.
Nanzʋ'ʋs buudi/kɔn'ɔb-kɔn'ɔb
[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]Di mɔr buudi bɛdigʋ, ka buudi wʋsa mɔri di yʋʋg nɛ bɛlim gʋn-gʋn. Nanzʋ'ʋs buudi sieba biela banɛ ka sɔ' wʋsa mi' nwa[9]:
Nanzʋ'ʋsabila: Nɛ' an dinɛ ka sɔ' wʋsa mɔri di tʋm, ka di yitnɛ Paipa nigurun diwɛl kani nam pʋ bin'ig ni. Nanzʋ'ʋsabil mɔri yʋʋg kanɛ kpɛ'ɛd nyɔnya hali ka ba mɔri maan diib buudi bɛdigʋ.
Nanzʋ'ʋpiela: Nanzʋ'ʋpiela yitnɛ zin'ig yinne nwɛnɛ nanzʋ'ʋsabil nɛ, amaa nɛ'ɛŋa yitnɛ Paipa nigurun diwɛl kani bi'ig ka di pak la fulug. Nanzʋ'ʋpiela mɔri yʋʋg kanɛ pʋ kpi'ema, ka ba ɛɛnti nɔknɛ gɛnrig nɛ dikanɛ ka nanzʋ'ʋsabil la nɔɔr kpi'em ye di bʋkki di.
Nanzʋ'ʋbɛda/ nanzʋ'ʋdɛ'ɛm: Nɛ' yitnɛ Paipa nigurun diwɛl kani nam pʋ bi'ig ni. Di mɔri yʋbʋgʋsʋg kani pʋ tɔiya ka ba mɔri maan dikanɛ ka ba ya'am bɔɔd ye ba nɔki gɛndig.
Nanzʋ'ʋwiid: Nɛ' mɛn yitnɛ Kapsikum anuum tiwɛl kanɛ mam pʋ bin'ig ni. Di mɔri yʋʋg malisʋg ka pʋ tɔiya bɛdigʋ saa, ba mɔri maan dikanɛ ka pʋ bɔɔd yi namzʋ'ʋs la tɔiya.
Nanzʋ'ʋzɛn'ɛg: Nanzʋ'ʋs bama buudi yitnɛ Sinus molle tiwɛl kani kʋdʋg ni. Di mɔri yumalisʋg, ka an bʋnwɛnna kani mɔri nyuug ka ba mɔri maan dikanɛ ka ba pʋ bɔɔd yi di an tɔɔgɔ.
Sikuan nanzʋ'ʋs: Sikuan nanzʋ'ʋs yitnɛ Zanthoxylum simulans tiwɛl kanɛ kʋdʋg ni. Chinadimi taa mɔri maanɛ ba diib.
Nanzʋ'ʋs buudi wʋsa mɔri yʋʋg o kɔn'ɔ ka na tɔn'ɔn mɔri maan diib bɛdigʋ ka di paasid ninwaansim kanɛ mɔr kʋkɔr.[9]
Yin kulib
[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]Nananna, nanzʋꞌʋs mɔr buudi bɛdegʋ ka ba wan wala, vɛɛnsʋg paꞌal ye nanzʋꞌʋs da yinɛ Mesoamerica nwɛnɛ yʋma tusa ayuobʋ (6000) banɛ gaad la saŋa nɛ buudi biꞌela ye ba mɔr nanzʋꞌʋs banɛ bɛ mɔɔgʋn la kul yinna. Banɛ vɛɛnsid la da paam nanzʋꞌʋs banɛ da bɛ mɔɔgʋn la buudi bɛdegʋ ka ba yinɛ Capsicum annum ni. Nanzʋꞌʋbama bɛ zinꞌis kɔnꞌɔb-kɔnꞌɔb nɛ vɔnt pʋʋgʋn nwɛnɛ Oaxaca bɔnꞌɔgʋn, dinɛ bɛ Mexico la. Ban paam labakaŋa la kɛya ka vɛɛnsidib la niŋ yadda ye ba da dit nanzʋꞌʋs ka ba bɛnɛ mɔɔgʋn, ka naan mɔri ba kul yin hali yʋma tusa anii (8000) banɛ gaad la saŋa.[10]
Fʋ yaꞌa tiak zʋʋd ziꞌesim ka di yinɛ fʋn na miꞌ bɛɛ fʋ pʋ baŋɛ, di kɛtnɛ ka zʋkan pʋ mɔr paŋ kanɛ na nyaŋɛ zabi tisi di mɛŋa. Amaa, nanzʋꞌʋs kaꞌ wala saŋa wʋsa, ba mɔr buudsieba ka ba maligim paamid paŋ ba yaꞌa tiaki ba zinꞌig yi mɔɔgʋn lɛbis yinna, ka nɛꞌ kɛt ka ba nyaŋidi wan hali gaad ban ɛɛnti wan siꞌem la.[11] Nanzʋꞌʋs nyɛ daamʋg bɛdegʋ ka di yinɛ ban tiaki ba zinꞌig la. Tiakir la sieba anɛ ban wala, ba biili lɛn kaꞌ ban daa ɛɛnti an siꞌem la yaꞌasa. Ba walib saŋa mɛ tiakya. Ba tiis la daa an siꞌem la mɛ tiakya mɛn. Ba sieba mɛ anɛ banɛ ka nidib yaꞌa mɔri ba kul yinna ba kʋ siaki nɔbʋgɛ bɔzugɔ zinꞌig la kaꞌ sʋm tisi baa, bɛɛ ba pʋ tunꞌe gɔsidi ba din nar siꞌem.[12]
Puum maalʋg
[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]Nanzʋꞌʋs puum ɛɛnti mɔr petal nɛ sepal nam ayuobʋ bɛɛ ayɔpɔi, Stamen nam ayɔpɔi, ka mɔr ovary kanɛ yaꞌae style yinne zugin, ka di mɔr. Ba tunꞌe lɔmisi ba mɛŋ maal puum amaa nanzʋꞌʋpɔɔg la yaꞌa zuꞌoe, ba tunꞌe ianꞌa lɔmis taaba ni dɔlisid siins, tangbɛɛnlnam, nɛ sinsaꞌas. Amaa ba yaꞌa bʋt bɛdegʋ ye ba kuꞌos nidib la mɛŋ tunꞌe nɔꞌɔs puum nam la laꞌas taaba ka nanzʋꞌʋs la nyaŋi dʋꞌa gɛndig nɛ buudsaam. Ba yaꞌa maal wala ba na laꞌas biilbana ka yʋʋm yaꞌa kaae, ka ba nɔki bʋt ka lɛn nyɛ buudsaaŋ yaꞌas, dinɛ paꞌan ban da niŋ siꞌem mɔr nanzʋꞌʋsi kul yin.[13] Pʋʋm la nii, luos bɛdegʋ bɛ gɔsid wiakir (duꞌam) yɛla, ka dɔl pollination nɛ fertilization, banɛ kpin taaba ayiꞌ la anɛ anther nam nɛ ovary. Anther nam anɛ daʋ luakanɛ yisid microgametes dinɛ na laꞌas nɛ megagamete dinɛ bɛ pʋꞌa la ovary ni la, ka ba yaꞌa laꞌas taaba di na kilim propagule (wal).[14]
Ba yaꞌa laꞌas taaba naae, wal kanɛ naam la yʋꞌʋn na pinꞌili nɔbʋgʋd, ka din na yinɛ buudkanɛ ka fʋ bʋd ni. Wal la na nɔbʋgʋ paae o bɛn ka yʋꞌʋn tiꞌebi gur ye pak la pik ka biili la yina widig.
Biili widigir
[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]Nanzʋꞌʋsieba biili bɛnɛ paꞌad ayi bɛɛ gaadʋg pʋʋgʋn. Nɛꞌ da anɛ suokanɛ ka ba dɔlli guꞌudi ba mɛŋ yi mɔɔgʋn laꞌabanɛ zabid nɛ ba, ka ba naam mɔri ba kul yin nwɛnɛ yʋma tusa ayuobʋ banɛ gaad la saŋa. Niimis baꞌ kae nɛ paꞌad banɛ lus bielim la, ba nyaŋidi dit bielim la nɛ wala la wʋsa. Niimis la yaꞌa di bielim la keŋ nyɛ bas zinꞌisiꞌa, ba na bul, yina, nɔbʋg lɛn kilim nanzʋꞌʋtiis yaꞌas.[15]
Niimisi widigid nanzʋꞌʋbiili la mɔr nyɔɔdi tis nanzʋꞌʋs la pamm bɔzugʋ niimis na nyaŋi ianki keŋ lalli, ka nanzʋꞌʋs la nyaŋi widigi paae zinꞌis kɔnꞌɔb-kɔnꞌɔb. Tituunli yinne anɛ mɔɔgʋn chiltepin, dinɛ pɛꞌɛl Northern Peru hali ka widigi paae Southwestern United States.
Ba kuod nanzʋꞌʋs zinꞌis bɛdegʋ ka mɛ tiaꞌas sieba bɛllim da an siꞌem, ka di kɛ ka ba tunꞌe tʋm tʋʋma kɔnꞌɔb-kɔnꞌɔb bɛdegʋ. Tʋʋmbama anɛ diib, tiim, duorʋm laʋk, zaba laʋk (yaꞌa pɛbisi niŋ sɔꞌ).[16]
Diib dʋgʋb
[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]Suoya bɛdegʋ bɛ ka ba na nyaŋi nɔk nanzʋꞌʋsi dʋk diib. Suobama anɛ; ba tunꞌe an maꞌasa, kpiꞌema, zɔm bɛɛ nanzʋꞌʋkuꞌom. Ba mɔr nanzʋꞌʋsi maan diib bɛdegʋ; Mexico dim mɔri maan diib nwɛnɛ Oaxacan black mole. Kusaalin, ti mɔr nanzʋꞌʋsi dʋgʋt diib nwɛnɛ zɛɛnd, mui, bɛŋa, walisa nɛ diib buudi bɛdegʋ.
Ba mɔri di paasid diib bɛdegʋ ye di tiak diib la nyuug nɛ di lɛmʋg, di mɛ anɛ bʋnkanɛ ka ba mɔri paasid zinꞌig vɛnlim. Vɛɛnsʋg paꞌal ye nanzʋꞌʋs anɛ bʋnkanɛ paasid diibin ka di pʋ pasigid kʋꞌʋlʋm, paas nɛ ba nyuug, nɛ ninkuꞌom la ba mɛ lɛm mɔr kʋꞌʋlʋm sieba paasid ninsaal niŋgbiŋin; Vitamins A, B, B3, C, nɛ P.[17]
Fʋ yaꞌa gɔs kʋdʋmin la nwɛnɛ Mayan nɛ Aztec saŋa, ba da mɔrnɛ nanzʋꞌʋsi tiꞌebid banꞌas nwɛnɛ kɔnsʋŋ, sɔꞌ nyina uaꞌa zabid, fɛnꞌɛd nɛ susunya banꞌas. Zina nwa bʋmbama nam bɛ tensieba ni, ka ba mɔr nanzʋꞌʋsi piesid fɛnꞌɛd, kad bʋnvʋya, nɛ banꞌasieba. Zamisʋg sieba mɛ paꞌal ye nanzʋꞌʋs diib nyaŋidi ka susunya banꞌasieba nɛ dindiig banꞌa ka ba pʋ gbanꞌad nidiba.
Vɛnlim tʋʋma
Tensieba nii, ba bʋd nanzʋꞌʋsnɛ zinꞌig la vɛnlim zug. Nanzʋꞌʋbanɛ ka ba bʋd zinꞌig la vɛnlim zug sieba anɛ U.S. National Arboretum's "Black Pearl" nɛ "Bolivian Rainbow". Vɛnlim la ɛɛnti bɔɔdi wala nɛ mɔɔd banɛ mɔr ninkuꞌomnam kɔnꞌɔb-kɔnꞌɔb nwɛnɛ sabil,[18] piel, dɛnꞌɛn, nɛ sieba. Ba wʋsa anɛ banɛ ka bad it ka an nanzʋꞌʋbanɛ tʋl. Ba ɛɛnti yadig New Mexico chile la sieba nɛ vɛnlim ka buoni di ye ristras.
Bʋn-ianꞌada nam
[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]Laꞌanɛ nanzʋꞌʋsi mɔr suobanɛ ka di na nyaŋi zabi tisi di mɛŋ la, bʋn-ianꞌada laꞌan daamidi ba saŋa pamm.[19] Bʋn-ianꞌada bama tunꞌe gbanꞌe nanzʋꞌʋs la hali ti kʋʋ di. Ba sieba anɛ Whiteflies nɛ aphids. Bʋn-ianꞌad kanɛ mɛ mɔr laꞌasanꞌaŋ bɛdegʋ anɛ weevil, di bʋmbibis ɛɛnti daam nanzʋꞌʋs la sankanɛ ka ba maan puum bɛɛ ba pinꞌin wala maalʋg, ka na nyaŋi kɛ ka di sie din naan dʋꞌan siꞌem la yi kɔbiga pʋʋgʋn lɛbis piswai (90%).[20] Bʋn-ianꞌad banɛ daamid nanzʋꞌʋs tiig la sieba anɛ tobacco budworms nɛ thrips.[21] Banꞌas banɛ gbanꞌad nanzʋꞌʋs anɛ bama biꞌela phytophthora blight, anthracnose, phytophthora root nɛ gbin la na punꞌod.[22]
Gbanvɛɛnsa
[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]- ↑ Zhigila, Daniel Andrawus; AbdulRahaman, Abdullahi Alanamu; Kolawole, Opeyemi Saheed; Oladele, Felix A. (2014-02-17). "Fruit Morphology as Taxonomic Features in Five Varieties of Capsicum annuum L. Solanaceae". Journal of Botany. 2014: e540868. doi:10.1155/2014/540868. ISSN 2090-0120.
- 1 2 https://doi.org/10.1155%2F2017%2F5641680
- ↑ https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1155/2014/540868
- ↑ https://www.rhs.org.uk/vegetables/chilli-pepper/grow-your-own
- ↑ https://www.news.com.au/lifestyle/food/eat/expat-baffled-by-common-aussie-supermarket-item/news-story/df29d531d18b23261b77a5d424951d46
- ↑ "Bell and Chili Peppers". Agricultural Marketing Resource Center, US Department of Agriculture. 22 May 2023. Retrieved 1 October 2021.
- ↑ Hayano-Kanashiro, Corina; Gámez-Meza, Nohemí; Medina-Juárez, Luis Ángel (January 2016). "Wild Pepper Capsicum annuum L. var. glabriusculum : Taxonomy, Plant Morphology, Distribution, Genetic Diversity, Genome Sequencing, and Phytochemical Compounds". Crop Science. 56 (1): 1–11. doi:10.2135/cropsci2014.11.0789. ISSN 0011-183X.
- ↑ Nadeem, Muhammad (2011). "Antioxidant Potential of Bell Pepper (Capsicum annum L.)-A Review". Pakistan Journal of Food Sciences. 21 (1–4): 45–51 – via Academia.edu.
- 1 2 https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/pepper-benefits-side-effects-mogana-flomo
- ↑ https://doi.org/10.1155%2F2017%2F5641680
- ↑ https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273097096
- ↑ https://doi.org/10.3389%2Ffevo.2018.00048
- ↑ https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304423817303059
- ↑ https://doi.org/10.1007/s11103-020-00987-z
- ↑ https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273097096
- ↑ https://doi.org/10.1155%2F2017%2F5641680
- ↑ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6261225
- ↑ https://www.usna.usda.gov/assets/images/as_standard_image/Capsicum_annuum_Black_Pearl.pdf
- ↑ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9504177
- ↑ https://doi.org/10.1155%2F2017%2F5641680
- ↑ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9504177
- ↑ https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031942221002338