Iankim keŋ kʋ'ʋlʋmin la

Pɛ'og

Dɛmisim tɔ'ɔŋir suoya la
Di yinɛ Wikipiidia
pɛ'og
organisms known by a particular common name
Subclass ofdomesticated mammal, productive animal, herbivore, ruminant Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Has useNi'im, milk, wool Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Nameਭੇਡ, بھیڈ Dɛmisim gbɛlima
This taxon is source ofwool, Q118869033 Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Habitatpen Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Has characteristicsheep breed Dɛmisim gbɛlima
History of topichistory of sheep Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Taxon known by this common nameOvis aries Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Produced soundbleat Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Unicode character🐑, 🐏 Dɛmisim gbɛlima

Pɛ'og bɛɛ yin pɛ'ʋg kanɛ ka ba buon ye (Ovis aries) anɛ yin kɔnbʋg kanɛ dʋ'ad ka ba gʋ'ʋnɛ ba yin. Na'asaalin la ba ya'a  ye sheep di tʋn'ɛ Pa'an yɛlla pamm amaa nɛŋa pa'anɛ yin kɔnbid bɛɛ yin pɛ'ʋg yɛlla. Nwɛn wʋʋ bʋnkɔbid wʋsaa, pɛ'ɛs yinɛ Artiodactyla buudi ni. Ka mɔr nɔbbibis bɛɛ nɔb ɛnns bʋa'kira ayi. Ka ba kanl na an' wʋʋ billion yinnɛ.  Yin pɛ'ɛs la an' pɛ'ɛs banɛ zu'oe.Na'asaanam buon pɛ' nya'aŋ la nɛ ye ewe (/juː/ yoo), ka buon pɛ'raug la ye ram, saŋa bɛdigʋ,  ba buon ban fuoe pɛ'raad sieba la ye wether, ka pɛ'bibis la ye lamb.

Pinꞌilig

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Pɛꞌogi dɔlis tʋŋ siꞌa yi mɔɔgin bʋnkɔnbid ni ka ba ti kpɛnꞌɛsid o yin la nan pʋ niꞌe paalʋ.[1] Vɛɛnsig paꞌal ye Ovis aries yinɛ Asiatic (O. gmelini) buudi kanɛ buon mouflon ni; Mɔɔgin pɛꞌog kanɛ bɛ Europe ka ba buon European mouflon (Ovis aries musimon) dɔlis nɛ buudi kaŋa ni kɛna.[2] Pɛꞌog anɛ bʋnkɔnbig kanɛ ka ninsaalib da mɔr o kpɛnꞌɛ yin yiiga (baa ban da mɔr baa kpɛnꞌɛ yin wan wʋʋ yʋma tusa piiga bɛɛ tusa pisi banɛ gaad la); ban da mɔr o kpɛnꞌɛ yin da anɛ yʋʋm 11,000 nɛ 9000 BC tɛnsʋki bɛ Mesopotamia[3][4][5][6] ka Mehrgarh tɛŋin an wʋʋ yʋʋm 7000 bɛ Indus Valley.[7][8] Ban pinꞌili gʋꞌʋn pɛꞌog o laꞌasiꞌeba yela, nɛ ban nɔbig da bɛnɛ southwest Asia bɛɛ western Europe.[9] Pinꞌilig la, ba da gʋꞌʋn pɛꞌog nɛ niꞌim, bin'isim nɛ o gbaŋ la maꞌa yela. Banɛ vɛɛnsid kʋdʋmin dim yela paꞌal ye ba nyɛ zinꞌig siꞌa Iran paꞌal ye ba da gaans pɛꞌɛs banɛ mɔr kɔnbilig nɛ 6000 BC,[2][10] ka li yʋʋm tusayi paae tusatanꞌ ni ka ba mɔr kɔnbilig la fuudi yɛɛd.[11]

Pɛ'og gbin

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Pɛ'og anɛ yin bʋnkɔbkanɛ an nɔba anaasi ka mɔr kɔnbʋlʋg bɛdigʋ. O anɛ bʋnkɔnbkanɛ ka o ituma kaꞌe war-warɛ, ka ti yaanam ye sɔnlʋm-sɔnlʋm bɔzʋgɔ fʋ yaꞌa kuud o nwa, o pʋ kaasi da o ʋnsidnɛ. Nidib gʋꞌʋn o nɛ ye niꞌim, ligidi, kʋʋr yaꞌa bɛ, baꞌar, nɛ saŋa sia binꞌisim yɛla. O anɛ bʋnkɔnbkanɛ duꞌad ka muasidi o bʋnbibis nɛ binꞌisim.[12] O lɛ anɛ bʋnkɔnb kanɛ pʋ mɔr iila, fʋ yaꞌa ti nyɛ ka pɛꞌog mɔr iila, li anɛ pɛraʋg maꞌa mɔr iila[13]. O bɛnɛ o kɔnꞌ nɛ bʋʋg, bɔzʋgɔ bʋraug wɔɔ bʋnyaꞌaŋ  wɔɔ ba mɔri iila amaa, pɛraug maꞌa mɔr iila ka pɛnyaꞌaŋ pʋ mɔr iila.

Laafi

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Linɛ kʋꞌʋd pɛɛs anɛ yabid, nɛ wiꞌma, nɛ siɛli na kɔrig. Bʋnkɔnb kanɛ mɔr dataala, nar ka ɔ sʋa ɔ yaa ti nyɛ zabin kanɛ paꞌal yɛl bɛ wiim ka ɔ dataa da paaɛ ɔ.[14] Amaa zanbin siɛba bɛ nɛ ka fʋ na baŋ, pɛꞌog kanɛ bɛꞌɛd dit nɛ finsꞌfins, ka kaꞌasid saŋa bɛdigʋ, ka pʋ laꞌasid nɛ ɔ taabaa.[15] Pinꞌligin sa ligiid bɛdigʋ kanɛ ka banɛ gʋꞌɔl pɛɛs la lɛm mɔrnɛ iɛd pɛꞌog tiima yaꞌas. Pinꞌligin sa kɔnbkim da iia tima pɔɔdin. Tɛŋ banɛ pʋn an tɛŋpʋʋs la, laꞌam nɛ naasaatɛŋ, ba gɔs nɛ ka pɛꞌog kaɛ linɛ ka ba bɔɔd daꞌanɛ lin zʋg ka banɛ maan tima pʋ ɛar sʋɔr kanɛ ka ba na nɔk ligtitaꞌar maal pɛꞌog tiim.[16] Amaa ti siɛba bɛ ka ba mɔr maan pɛɛs ka li kaɛ bɛꞌɛdɛ ka lɛɛ mɔr wada siɛba fʋn na maal siɛm. wɛn wɔɔ naasaatɛŋ, wada banɛ dɔlisid linɛ nar bɛ nɛ 21 CFR (Code of Federal Regʋlations) Part 530.[17] 20th century ne 21st century, nidib biɛla banɛ gʋꞌʋn pɛɛs da basnɛ ka yʋꞌʋn dɔl ti yaꞌa, nɛ homeopathy, laꞌam nɛ China ti yaꞌa tima yɛ ba tiɛbi ba pɛꞌɛs baꞌans wʋsa.[18][19] Laꞌam nɛ gbanmiidibi di kasɛta li yɛla la, ti banɛ tiɛbid la sɔbi bɛ naasaanam gbana ni.[18][19][20] Ti yaꞌa nɛ naasaatima yʋʋn yalignɛ zinꞌik ka banɛ gʋꞌʋn pɛꞌɛs yaŋidi tiɛbidi ba pɛꞌɛs.[21]

Banɛ gʋꞌʋn la bɛdigʋ ɛnti bɔ nɛ tima kɔnꞌbkɔnꞌb yɛ ba nyaŋɛ siiɛ yɛla. Yiiga anɛ yɛ fʋ gɔs ka pɛꞌog kanɛ ka fʋ daꞌ la mɔr laafi. Kɔnꞌb daꞌadib bɛdigʋ bʋ bɔɔd bʋnkɔnꞌb kanɛ ka ba baꞌkʋ yiis ɔn bɛꞌɛd la yɛla.[22] Li tɔꞌɔn paꞌal yɛ fʋ yɔ fʋ kɔnbid ka mɛ yɔ kɔnꞌb saꞌaʋŋ kanɛ ka fʋ daꞌa la paaɛ wadig. Bʋnama ayi nar yɛ fʋ maal anɛ fʋ tisʋ diib sʋꞌʋŋa ka mɛ da gɛnsʋꞌʋ. fʋn na baꞌkʋ ɔ kɔ, tʋꞌkpiidʋg, yɛla zinꞌig, zabir, tʋʋlʋg, waꞌad, gɛnlis nɛ siɛba tɔꞌɔn baꞌas nɛ baꞌans, nɛ niŋbin zabir.[23][24][25][26] Gɛnꞌlis bɛdigʋ tɔꞌɔn daꞌamʋ ɔ niŋbiŋ tʋʋma.[26] “Shipping fever” (pneʋmonic mannheimiosis, formerly called pasteurellosis) anɛ wiꞌim yitnɛ gɛnlis ni, kas kas anɛ fʋn na mɔrʋ waɛ zinꞌisia bɛɛ fʋn na zanl ɔ.[27][28] zabir, dabiɛm, nɛ siɛnam bɛdigʋ tɔꞌɔn kɛ ka ɔ paam ɛpinephrine (adrenaline). Epinephrine secretion yaꞌa yʋʋg ka fʋ naꞌan kɔdigʋ li tɔꞌɔn saꞌam niꞌim la malisim(by caʋsing glycogenolysis, ka yisid lini kɛt ka niim malis) ka li kɛt ka niꞌim pʋ yʋʋgida ka saꞌamid.[24] Yɛl bama zʋg li nar ka fʋ gɔs pɛꞌog sʋꞌʋŋa. Ka kɛ ka pɛꞌog pʋ di lini an yabidɛɛ, yabid wɔɔ bʋnvʋya tiꞌkanɛ ka ba pʋʋsid, naasaabʋgilim, motor kpaꞌam, nɛ radiator coolant an kpaꞌam malis ka lɛɛ pʋ dit la.[29]

Naꞌana kanɛ ka nidib tiꞌɛbid pɛꞌɛs anɛ kʋsib nɛ bʋnvʋya tiɛbʋg. Bʋnvʋya banɛ bɛ pʋʋgin nɛ banɛ bɛ yiŋ an wiim kanɛ bɛ pɛꞌɛs ni nɛ sapʋad bɛɛ pʋ lɛn dʋad bɛdigʋ.[30] Bʋnvʋya tisid pɛꞌɛs pʋʋgin baꞌa. ba ɛnti dɔl nɛ kpɛꞌ saŋkanɛ ka ba ɔnbid mɔɔd la, ka nɔbigid pɛꞌog la pʋʋg ka yi digestive system ni (ka lɛn sinꞌiŋ yaꞌas). Oral anti-parasitic medicine ka ba bʋɔn drenches ka ba mɔrɛ tisid bʋnkɔnꞌbid la ka li tiꞌɛbid wɔrms ba yaꞌa ti nɔbigid  yɛ li sinꞌiŋ tʋʋma. Pɛꞌog la nar ka ɔ tɔꞌɔm ziꞌigi ɔnb ka worms la da lɛn paaɛ ɔ.[31] Bʋnvʋya banɛ daꞌamid pɛꞌog niŋbiŋ la anɛ: karigis (li bɛ nɛ ɔ niŋbiŋ lʋas kɔnꞌbkɔnꞌb), sheep keds, nose bots, sheep itch mites, nɛ zʋnꞌzʋr. Keds la anɛ bʋnvʋr banɛ nʋʋd ziim ka kɛt ka pɛꞌog la pʋ tɔꞌɔn diꞌta ka lɛɛ kaɛ sapʋadɛ. Zʋnꞌzʋya la anɛ bot fly nɛ blow-fly, wɔɔ Lucilia sericata bɛ li tiꞌran L. cuprina. Zʋnꞌzʋ ɛada dʋm mɛ. Bʋn iiada nyɛꞌɛdnɛ gɛla fɛꞌʋŋin bɛɛ zinꞌikanɛ an maꞌasigʋ, ka zʋnzʋya la yaꞌa ti nɔbig, ba baꞌadnɛ pɛꞌog la niŋbiŋin ka ɔ ti kpi, ba yaꞌa pʋ tiɛb ɔ tɔꞌɔtɔꞌɔ. tiꞌɛb kanɛ lɛm paꞌas anɛ fʋ na yiꞌis kɔbilik la, li anɛ tiɛb kanɛ an naꞌanaꞌa. tɛŋsiɛba yisidnɛ gbaŋ la bʋn iiada la kʋ lɛn yaŋɛ sʋa ani yaꞌasɛ. Ba ɛnti niŋ ala saŋkanɛ ka pɛꞌog la nan an pɛꞌogꞌbil.[32][33] Nose bots anɛ bʋn iiada banɛ nanpʋ kpɛꞌiŋɛ ka bɛ pɛꞌog yɔꞌya ni ka kɛ ka pɛꞌog la pʋ tɔꞌɔn vʋꞌʋsida. Li kɛt ka miꞌmɛꞌɛd yitꞌɔ ɔ yɔꞌya ni, ka ɔ tɛꞌsim, ka kind ka lɔbid zʋg. Fʋ tɔꞌɔn kad bʋnvʋya banɛ daamid pɛꞌog niŋbiŋ la nɛ backliners, nɛ fʋn na pʋʋs ɔ nɛ tiim.[30]

Pɛ'og tʋʋma

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]
  1. Pɛ'og tʋʋm yinne anɛ ni'im yɛla.
  2. Ba mɔr pɛ'og gbana maan ssi'enam bɛdigʋ.
  3. Kusaas mɔr pɛ'ogi maan maana.

Daꞌa diib sʋꞌʋm

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]
Dunia wʋsa pɛꞌɛs
Yʋʋm 2019
Kanl million nam
1. China 163.5 (13.19%)
2. India 74.3 (5.99%)
3. Australia 65.8 (5.31%)
4. Nigeria 46.9 (3.78%)
5. Iran 41.3 (3.33%)
6. Sudan 40.9 (3.3%)
7. Chad 35.9 (2.9%)
8. Turkey 35.2 (2.84%)
9. United Kingdom 33.6 (2.71%)
10. Mongolia 32.3 (2.61%)
World total 1,239.8
Yiya na: UN Food and Agriculture Organization

Pɛꞌog anɛ bʋnkɔnb kanɛ an yɛlkpan kuob nɛ gʋꞌʋl pʋʋgin dunia wʋsa, amaa bʋnkɔnb siꞌeba kɛna diꞌe ba nɔbir hali ka ba yʋꞌʋn gʋꞌʋni ba, li kaskas anɛ kurkur, nua nɛ naaf.[34] China, Australia, India, nɛ Iran mɔr pɛꞌɛs bɛdigʋ, anina ka ba tɛŋin dim paamid niꞌim nɛ gbana, ka mɛ lɛn mɔri laligid tɛŋ siꞌeba.[35] Tɛnsiꞌeba wan wʋʋ New Zealand bʋnkɔnbid pʋ zuoe wala amaa ba nyaŋid yel hali ba daꞌa diib pʋʋgin ban kuosid lɔmisid tɛɛnsi kuosid pɛꞌɛs la zug. Pɛꞌog anɛ bʋnkɔnbig kanɛ kɛ ka tɛnsiꞌeba daꞌa diib nɔbigid, ka ba gɔsid ban na niŋ siꞌem ka kuob nɛ gʋꞌʋl nɔbig ka mɛ sʋŋ banɛ kuosid diib tɛɛnsin.[36][37] Tɛɛns banɛ nan pʋ nɔbig la, bʋnkɔnbid nwaꞌ paas kuob nɛ  gʋꞌʋl ni ka sʋŋid laꞌad kuosig ka li kɛn tuon. Zinꞌig siꞌeba gba ba mɔr pɛꞌɛsi tiꞌasid nɛ laꞌasiꞌeba.[36]

Ti nyɛt laꞌasiꞌeba bɛdigʋ yit pɛꞌɛs banɛ ka ba gʋꞌʋn yaan la. Gbana ka ba mɔri maan fuud, amaa 20th century naar saŋa la gbana ligidi da lɛb nyaꞌaŋ hali bɔzugɔ ban da pinꞌili mɔr laꞌasiꞌeba maan fuud la.[36] Nidib banɛ sʋꞌʋe kɔnbid la saꞌan, fʋ na yɔ ligid siꞌa ka ba kiꞌesi fʋ pɛꞌog kɔnbid la gat nyɔɔd kanɛ ka fʋ na paam, ka  li kɛ ka bʋnkɔnbid kuosig maꞌa pʋ mɔr nyɔɔdɛ, ba yaꞌa pʋ siꞌe kuob nɛ gʋꞌʋl laꞌad ligidi.[36] Kɔnbilig la mɔri maan fuudi tabin dɔɔg pʋʋgin. 21st century saŋa, niꞌim kuosig da anɛ linɛ mɔr ligidi hali bɛ pɛꞌog gʋꞌʋlig ni, baa nidibi pʋ ɔnbid pɛꞌog niꞌim wan wʋʋ ban ɔnbid nua, kurkur bɛɛ naaf niꞌim siꞌem la.[34]

Pɛꞌog gbaŋ mɛ mɔri maan fuud, taꞌada, kparikɛnꞌɛd nɛ laꞌasiꞌeba. Ba yaꞌa kɔdig pɛꞌog ka laꞌabanɛ bɛɛ o pʋʋgin ka ba pʋ bɔɔd la mɛ mɔr nyɔɔd: pɛꞌog kpaam ka ba mɔri maan kiꞌibʋ nɛ candle, ba mɔr pɛꞌog kɔnbir nɛ o giinla maan laꞌasiꞌeba wan wʋʋ luudu biig nɛ gaꞌadiŋ ka lɛn mɔri maan tabidiŋ ka ba buon naꞌasaalin ye glue la. [38]Ba mɔr pɛꞌog pʋʋgin nyɔɔdi maani tʋʋd diba ni, ka mɔr pɛꞌɛbibis nyɔɔdi maan gʋnma sɛɛnd ningbiŋ, ka mɛ lɛn an gʋnma tis kɔn nɛ tennis rackets.[39] Pɛꞌɛs bina, linɛ mɔr kʋꞌʋlim la, ba mɔri gɛndigid saꞌadi maan pɛpa.[40] Laꞌad banɛ bɛ pɛꞌog ni ka ba pʋ bɔɔda, linɛ mɔr nyɔɔdi ba wʋsa ni anɛ kpaam la bɛ gbaŋ ni la: dinɛ liꞌ ningbiŋ la ka kuom pʋ gat la, ka an kpaam bɛ pɛꞌog la gbaŋ ni ka ba mɔri maan kpasɔɔnrim nam nɛ kpasiꞌeba la.[39]

Kpaadib siꞌeba gʋꞌʋn ka mɛ nyɛt nyɔɔdi yit kɔnbig la vʋm pʋʋgin. Nidib banɛ mɔri ba pɛꞌɛsi kɛn pʋꞌasada nɛ dasam diꞌema ni wan wʋʋ 4-H nɛ nyaꞌab diꞌema nami bɛ kuob nɛ gʋꞌʋl zinꞌisin la anɛ suor ka ba nyaŋidi kuosidi ba pɛꞌɛs la.[41] Kpaadib tɔꞌɔn gaŋ ye ba gɔs pɛꞌog buudi siꞌa ka nyaŋi kuosi li, ka siꞌeba mɛ ɛɛti nɔki ba pɛraad ka ba dʋti ba taaba pɛꞌɛs ka ba yɔɔdi ba.[42] Suor paalig kanɛ ka ba dɔlisid pɛꞌɛs ni paamid nyɔɔd anɛ ban na nɔki ba tis ninsiꞌeba ka ba kɛŋ ɔnbi ba mɔɔd ka yɔɔ ba ka kɔnbig la ɔnb la sam; ba bɔɔd banɛ nwaasid mɔɔd  la nɛ ye ba yis mɔɔg ka li da zuoe nidibi laꞌasid zinꞌig siꞌeba nam lin na niŋ siꞌem ka li guꞌ bugum laꞌaŋir.[43]

Baa pɛꞌɛs daꞌa lɛb nyaꞌaŋ zinꞌis bɛdigʋ ni la, pɛꞌog laꞌan mɔr ligidi hali gat bʋnkɔnbid banɛ kpɛlim la. Ba pʋ bɔɔd gbɛɛnsig dɔɔg kanɛ ka li ligidi zuoe,[44] wan wʋʋ ban gu'un nɔɔs nɛ kurkurnam dɔɔdin siꞌem la. Ba pʋ faand paalʋ; pɛꞌɛs wan wʋʋ ayuobʋ na nyaŋi kpɛnꞌɛ zinꞌig kanɛ ka naaf bɛɛ wiꞌef yinnɛ maꞌa kpɛnꞌɛd.[45][46] Pɛꞌɛs mɛ ɔnbid mɔɔd wan wʋʋ mɔɔd banɛ ka bʋnkɔnb siꞌeba pʋn kʋ siꞌisɛ, ka mɛ na dʋꞌa biis tɔꞌɔtɔꞌ.[47] Linɛ lɛn paas yaꞌas, bʋnkɔnb siꞌeba ka ba ligidi dʋti dɔli ba yam bɛɛ ba diib, wan wʋʋ kawɛnna, maagi nɛ biꞌelim siꞌeba la, pɛꞌog ligidi baꞌa kae nɛ laꞌaban ligidi an siꞌem.[48] Fʋ yaꞌa gɔs bʋnbama nɛ pɛꞌog ligidi mɛ pʋ zuoe wala, nwaꞌ wʋsa paꞌal ye banɛ gʋꞌʋn pɛꞌɛs la mɔr nyɔɔd, baa o kɔnbid la yaꞌa pʋ zuoe.[48] Pɛꞌɛs gʋꞌʋlig mɔr nyɔɔdi tis banɛ gʋꞌʋni ba mɛŋ din, laꞌanɛ banɛ gʋꞌʋni ba yaan ka li pʋ nyɛt laꞌad bɛdigʋ tisidi baa, bɔzugɔ pɛꞌɛs gʋꞌʋlig anɛ linɛ ka ba nan pʋ gɔsi li paas kuob nɛ gʋꞌʋl tʋʋmbɛda nii.[49] Amaa, banɛ gʋꞌʋn biꞌela, ka mɔr bʋn-nyaꞌas wan wʋʋ piiga paae pisnu (10 to 50 ewes), pʋ mɔr nyɔɔdɛ bɔzugɔ ba pʋ gɔsidi ba titua nɛ. Linɛ zug ka li an ala anɛ ye ba kʋ nyaŋi mɔr masin nami guri ba, ka li kɛt ka ba pʋ nyɛt nyɔɔdɛ. Nidib gʋꞌʋn kɔnbid biꞌela wala buudi nɛ ka li anɛ bɔɔdim yela ka siꞌeba mɛ mɔri ba ka ba ye ba ɔnbid mɔɔg kuosuoya nam ni.[50]

Diib

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Pɛꞌog niꞌim nɛ o binꞌisim da anɛ diib hali tis dʋdʋmin dim ka ba da dit ka li maani ba ningbina ban da pinꞌili tɔnꞌɔsid ka laꞌasid kuod nɛ gʋꞌʋl laꞌad la.[45] Ba buon pɛꞌog niꞌim ye pɛꞌog niꞌim, ka yʋʋm wʋsa pʋʋgin ba kuud pɛꞌɛs wan wʋʋ 540 million maan niꞌim dunia wʋsa pʋʋgin.[51] "Mutton" linɛ an pɛꞌog niꞌim naꞌasaalin la yina Old French moton, linɛ da an yʋꞌʋr kanɛ ka Anglo-Norman tuongatib da pʋd pɛꞌog, banɛ da yit British Isles Middle Ages saŋa. Nwaꞌ da kilim pɛꞌog niꞌim naꞌasaalin, ka yʋꞌʋr kanɛ yi Old English ni ka ba buon sceap la ka ba lɛɛ da nɔki pʋd bʋnvʋr la yʋꞌʋr.[52] Pinꞌilig sa, "mutton" linɛ an pɛꞌog yʋꞌʋr naꞌasaalin la da anɛ yʋꞌʋr kanɛ ka ba buon pɛꞌog niꞌim, amaa ka li anɛ banɛ paae yʋma ayi waꞌala; "lamb" an yʋꞌʋr kanɛ ka ba da tis pɛꞌog kanɛ nan pʋ paae yʋʋm yinnɛ.[53][54][55]

21st century saŋa, tɛɛns banɛ ka ba da ɔnbid pɛꞌog niꞌim hali da anɛ Arab states of the Persian Gulf, New Zealand, Australia, Greece, Uruguay, United Kingdom nɛ Ireland.[36] Tɛɛns bama ɔnbid 14–40 lbs (3–18 kg) pɛꞌog niꞌim yʋʋm wʋsa.[36][55] Pɛꞌog niꞌim yʋꞌʋr mɛ yi France, Africa (li kaskas Arab tɛɛnsin), Caribbean, banɛ kpɛlim Middle East, India, nɛ China zinꞌis siꞌeba.[55] Nwaꞌ dɔl nɛ ban da pinꞌili gʋꞌʋn kɔnbid la saŋa. Tɛɛns bam ani titaꞌam, diib banɛ ka ba nɔk pɛꞌog niꞌimi maal bɛnɛ zinꞌig wʋsa. Pɛꞌog lana—ka ba buon animelles bɛɛ lamb fries—anɛ dikpɛŋi tis tɛɛns bɛdigʋ dunia ni. Linɛ ka ba mɔr pɛꞌog niꞌimi maan ka li bɛ li kɔnꞌ anɛ Scottish haggis, lin anɛ pɛꞌog puʋgin laꞌad ka ba dʋg nɛ oatmeal ka sɛ gabʋ gɛndig nɛ pʋʋr la.[56] Fʋ yaꞌa ye fʋ mamisi gɔs, tɛɛns wan wʋʋ U.S. ɔnbid niꞌim la wan wʋʋ pound bɛɛ li gaad ala (pʋ paae 0.5 kg), ka America nidib ɔnbid kurkur niꞌim 50 pounds (22 kg) nɛ naaf niꞌim 65 pounds (29 kg).[55] Linɛ lɛn paas yaꞌas, tɛŋban nidib pʋ ɔnbid naaf niꞌim wala, ka lɛɛ bɔɔ pɛꞌog zinꞌig kanɛ ka li ligidi kpiꞌem: titaꞌam bɔɔd gbɛr niꞌim.[36]

Baa ban pʋ kpɛn tugunu nud pɛꞌog binꞌisim la,[57] zina nwaꞌ ba mɔr titaꞌam maanɛ cheese nɛ yogurt. Pɛꞌog mɔr binꞌis nɔya ayi, ka maan binꞌisim biꞌela, fʋ yaꞌa ye fʋ mak nɛ naaf din.[45] Amaa, pɛꞌog binꞌisim mɔr kpaam, ka an gaanlig, ka maan ningbina gat naaf binꞌisim, lin ka ba mɔri maan cheese.[58] Fʋ yaꞌa ziꞌeli li ka li maꞌae biim, siꞌa bɛ kɔnba la ni maan kɔnba, linɛ na gʋꞌʋd ka li kʋ sanꞌam.[58] Ban nɔk pɛꞌog binꞌisim maal binꞌisim diib siꞌeba an feta linɛ bɛ Bulgaria nɛ Greece, Roquefort linɛ bɛ France, Manchego yit Spain, pecorino romano (Itali dim buon pɛꞌog ye pecore) nɛ ricotta Italy tɛŋin nɔɔ. Yogurts, siꞌeba maali yinɛ pɛꞌog binꞌisim ni.[59] Ba maal laꞌabama bɛdigʋ yinɛ naaf binꞌisim ni, li kaskas anɛ banɛ ka bam aal tɛnsiꞌeba ni.[36] Pɛꞌog binꞌisim mɔr kpaam 4.8%, ka na nyaŋi daam banɛ pʋ bɔɔd kpaam bɛdigʋ.[36]

Wan wʋʋ bʋnkɔnbid banɛ gbɛɛnd yin la siꞌeba an siꞌem la, ba bʋndaad banɛ ka ba pʋ zanꞌa ba niꞌim pʋ malisa, li kaskas anɛ ban nɔbigid la. Ba siꞌeba bɛ ka ba pʋ fʋo ba lana tɔꞌɔtɔꞌɔ bɛɛ ba pʋ fʋoe titua nɛ (ka lan biilif yinnɛ kpɛlim). Pɛraad bama buudi pʋ mɔr daꞌa.[60][61]

Naꞌasaasɔɔng ni

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Pɛꞌog zuoe nɛ ka mɛ pʋ dʋꞌad tɔꞌɔtɔꞌɔ ka li kɛ ka ba vɛɛnsid o yela. Ba an yɛlkpan hali bɛ naꞌasaasɔɔng vɛɛnsig ni.[62] zinꞌig kanɛ ka ba buon Roslin Institute of Edinburgh, Scotland tɛŋin la mɔr pɛꞌɛs buudi kɔnꞌɔbkɔnꞌɔbi maan vɛɛnsig ye ba gɔs yelsiꞌeba. Yʋʋm tusir, kɔbiswai nɛ piswai nɛ awai ni (1995), pɛꞌɛnyaꞌas buudi ayi ka ba buon Megan nɛ Morag da an yiiga bʋnkɔnbid banɛ duꞌad ka ba vɛɛnsi ba gɔs ka ba binꞌisa nɔbigir pʋ zɛm taaba. Yʋʋm kanɛ da tiꞌal la, Finnish Dorset pɛꞌog kanɛ ka ba buon, ka ba da pʋdi li yee “pɛꞌog kanɛ ka dunia wʋsa miꞌ" bɛ Scientific American,[63] da anɛ bʋnkɔnb kanɛ da an yiiga ka ba da laꞌasi ba ka ba an yinnɛ ba ningbina itima pʋʋgin. Nwaꞌ nyaꞌaŋ, Polly nɛ Molly da an yiiga ka ba laꞌasi ba saŋa yinnɛ ka ba buudinam kaꞌa yinnɛ.

Yʋʋm tusayi nɛ anii ni (2008), pɛꞌog buudi banɛ bɛ anɛ linɛ ka ba pʋ kpɛm baŋi li wala, laꞌanɛ ban da yi zinꞌig siꞌeba na ka ba nyaŋi baŋ la,[64] ka ba laꞌas pɛꞌog buudi banɛ bɛ dɔlisidi ba DNA nɛ vɛɛnsig kanɛ ka ba mɔri ba bʋnkɔnbid banɛ dʋꞌad taaba yela la.[65] Yʋʋm tusayi nɛ piinɛyi ni (2012), pɛꞌog kanɛ da mɔr buudi kɔnꞌɔbkɔnꞌɔb ka ba buon "Peng Peng" da yi paalʋ na dɔlis Chinese scientists, onɛ da vɛɛns ka ye o buudi anɛ samɛrid buudi ka li da dɔlis anina ka li nyaŋi maal kpaam kanɛ pʋ mɔr daʋŋi tis ninsaal ningbiŋɔ.[66]

Fʋ yaꞌa gɔs Winaꞌam maal laꞌasiꞌeba zamisig pʋʋgin, Soay sheep buudi banɛ kpɛlim Hirta tɛŋin la ba nyaŋi gɔs o ningbiŋ la nar ye li zɛm siꞌem bɛn ka li nyaŋi maal dʋꞌa tɔꞌɔtɔꞌɔ.[67] Soay pɛꞌɛs buudi la mɔr kala kɔnꞌɔbkɔnꞌɔb, ka nidib da vɛɛnsi gɔs ye bɔ ka bʋnkɔnbid banɛ zuos, ka an sabila nwa kanl da siꞌeda; nwaꞌ da gɛɛs wada kanɛ ka ba ye buud banɛ an bɛda dʋꞌad tɔꞌɔtɔꞌɔ la.[68] Soays buudi banɛ bɛ Hirta la mɔr tʋʋma bɛdigʋ bɔzugɔ ba baki ba mɛŋ nɛ ba taaba.[69]

Pɛꞌɛs banɛ ka ba gʋꞌʋn yaan anɛ banɛ ka ba taa mɔri maan vɛɛnsa gɔsid, li kaskas anɛ vɛɛnsig kanɛ kati waꞌae sʋsʋnya banꞌas ni, zinꞌis banɛ wan wʋʋ zidʋtim banꞌas nɛ sʋsʋnfʋ na zanꞌas tʋʋma.[70][71] Ba mɔr pɛꞌog kanɛ mɔr pʋʋgʋ vɛɛnsidi baŋid ninsaali pʋʋg tʋkiri mɛ an siꞌem, ka ba mɔri ba vɛɛnsidi gɔsid biigi nɔbigid pʋʋgin siꞌem,[72] o maa na pʋ dit dikanɛ maan ningbinaa.[73] Banɛ vɛɛnsidi gɔsid ninsaal itima yela, ba mɔr pɛꞌogʋ maan vɛɛnsig nwa, pɛꞌog itima wan ninsaal itima la zug.[74]

Malima ni

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

solima ne gbana ni

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Pɛꞌog mɔr tʋʋma hali bɛ malima bɛdigʋ ni, li kaskas anɛ zinꞌis banɛ ka ba zuoe galis. Fʋ yaꞌa buol nid ye o anɛ pɛꞌog, li paꞌal ye ba zɔt nɛ dabiꞌem ka kaꞌa gbaꞌarɛ.[75] Ba mɔr pɛꞌog daag ka li anɛ zanbini paꞌan paŋ; zanbin kanɛ bɛ Los Angeles Rams football team nɛ Dodge Ram lɔr nyaꞌaŋ la paꞌal nɛ pɛrakanɛ mɔr iilbɛda ka ba buon Ovis canadensis.

Pɛꞌɛs kaanlig anɛ bʋnlinɛ sʋŋid nidib ka ba nyaŋidi gbisid, ka nidibi da kaan pɛꞌɛs siꞌem la nan kpɛlim bɛ zina nwa. Pɛꞌɛs mɛ paas siꞌilima ni nɛ pianꞌasiꞌeba pʋʋgin ka ba mɔri li yet saŋa wʋsa ye "pɛꞌog sabil". Fʋ yaꞌa buol nid ye pɛꞌog sabil, li paꞌal ye o anɛ ninkanɛ pʋ dɔlisid laꞌasig la wadaa.[76] Nwaꞌ yinɛ pɛꞌog sabilig yinnɛ ɛɛti dʋꞌa paas pɛꞌɛs banɛ an piꞌela maꞌa ni la. Kɔnbkimnib da pʋ bɔɔd pɛꞌɛs sabila banɛ, bɔzugɔ ba da pʋ bɔɔd kɔnbilig sabiligi daꞌada wan wʋʋ banɛ an piꞌela la.[76] Nidib banɛ siꞌakidi ba gɔmɛna banɛ mugusidi ba, ba pʋdʋ ba nɛ yʋꞌʋr saaŋ naꞌasaalin ye sheeple. Ka ba yaꞌa yel ye fʋ wan ni pɛꞌog nɛ, li paꞌal ye fʋ tʋm nɛ nyan tʋʋma.[77]

Pɛꞌog anɛ zanbina tis banɛ yʋm yʋʋma wan wʋʋ The Wolf in Sheep's Clothing, Little Bo Peep, Baa, Baa, Black Sheep, nɛ Mary Had a Little Lamb; gbana wan wʋʋ George Orwell gbaŋ kanɛ buon Animal Farm nɛ Haruki Murakami gbaŋ kanɛ an A Wild Sheep Chase; yʋʋma banɛ ka ba siꞌeba an Bach's Sheep may safely graze (Schafe können sicher weiden) nɛ Pink Floyd yʋʋma ka o buol ye "Sheep", nɛ yʋm siꞌeba wan ni William Blake din linɛ ka o pʋd "The Lamb".

Winpʋꞌʋsʋm

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Saŋkanɛ gaad sa la, ba da mɔr pɛꞌog zanbina winpʋꞌʋsʋm zinꞌisi bɛ ancient Near East, Mideast, nɛ Mediterranean zinꞌis: Çatalhöyük, Egyptian winpʋꞌʋs kʋdʋg, Cana'anite nɛ Phoenician malima ni, Judaism, Greek winpʋꞌʋsʋm, nɛ siꞌeba banɛ kpɛlim. Winpʋꞌʋsʋm zanbina nɛ malima da pinꞌil nɛ yiiga yadda niŋidib la saꞌan: pɛꞌɛs zuꞌwana (nɛ niigi) ka ba da mɔri bɛ badanam ni bɛ Çatalhöyük zinꞌis ni 8,000 BCE.[78] Egyptian winpʋꞌʋsʋm ni, pɛꞌog da anɛ zanbini tis wina bɛdigʋ: Khnum, Heryshaf nɛ Amun (on da anɛ winkanɛ tisid biis).[36] Bada banɛ mɛ da paꞌan pɛꞌog zanbina da anɛ winpʋꞌak Ishtar, Phoenician winkanɛ ka ba buon Baal-Hamon, Babylonian dim winkanɛ ka ba buon Ea-Oannes.[36] Madagascar tɛŋin, ba da pʋ ɔnbid pɛꞌog niꞌimɛ bɔzugɔ ba da siꞌak ye pɛꞌog anɛ ba yaanam la tiꞌaki lɛb na.[79]

Kʋdʋmin Greek dim pianꞌa pɛꞌog yela bɛdigʋ: ka ba buon Chrysomallos, ka o kɔnbilig la an dɔnbʋʋlim wan wʋʋ sanlim nɛ, ka ba paꞌan o yela kʋdʋmin sa ti paae zina nwaꞌ. Banɛ gɔsid kudʋmin yela paꞌal ye ba zanbina pʋʋgin, pɛꞌog anɛ yiiga zanbin bɛ Greek zodiac zanbina nam ni, ka mɛ paas bʋnkɔnbid anii banɛ ka ba mɔri kaan yʋʋma paad yʋʋm piinɛyi bɛn la, ka li an bʋnlinɛ ka ba nɔki pʋd nwadis la yʋda yʋʋm pʋʋgin.[79] Chinese malima pʋʋgin ba yel ye Hou ji da ku nɛ pɛꞌog. Mongolia, shagai anɛ dikʋda banɛ ka ba da maan ka li yinɛ pɛꞌog kɔnbir ni na ka ba nan mɔri li maan bʋgʋlʋmbʋgʋlʋm.

Pɛꞌog da paas Abraham nam saŋa ka li paꞌan ban da mɔr yadda siꞌem; Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, Moses, nɛ King David nam da anɛ kɔnbkimnib. Winaꞌam gbaŋ la paꞌal ban da lɔ Isaac la, ba da kʋ nɛ pɛꞌog ka o diꞌe Isaac maliak la da gbanꞌe Abraham nuꞌug la (mɔɔm pʋꞌʋsim pʋʋgin, Abraham da tiꞌeb nɛ ye o ku Ishmael li maal maan). Salla anɛ maliŋ kanɛ ka mɔɔm maan, sankan ka ba mɔr pɛꞌɛs (bɛɛ bʋnkɔnb siꞌeba) kuud ka li paꞌan ye ba tiꞌen nɛ bʋnlinɛ da maal la.[80][81] Ba kuud pɛꞌɛs mɔɔg maliŋ siꞌeba nam pʋʋgin.[82] Greeks and Romans dim da mɔr pɛꞌɛsi maan maana ka li an ba malima, ka banɛ ka win kanɛ ka ba pʋꞌʋsid an Judaism mɛ kuud pɛꞌɛs ka ba buoni li Korban, malima la siꞌeba anɛ Winaꞌam kum maliak gaadʋg maliŋ ka ba kuud pɛꞌɛs.[79]

Ba laꞌasi buon banɛ an Kristo biis ye pɛꞌɛs ka Kristo mɛŋ an kɔnbkim sʋŋ, ka pɛꞌɛs mɛ paas Yesu dʋꞌam saŋa sa. Kristo biis banɛ an kasi la ba buoni banɛ banɛ mɛ an kɔnbkimnib, ka lɛn buoni ba kɔnbid la mɛŋ. Winaꞌam gbaŋ mɛ paꞌal ye Kristo anɛ maan pɛꞌog kanɛ yi Winaꞌam saꞌan na ka Easter diꞌema nam ka ba maani bɛ Greece nɛ Romania tɛɛnsin la ba kuud Paschal pɛꞌɛs anina. Ba buon karindɔɔg kpɛɛm nɛ ye pastor, ka lin yinɛ latin buudi pianꞌad ni linɛ gbin ni an kɔnbkim. Winpʋꞌʋs dɔsiꞌeba ni ba tuongatib ka ba buon bishops la zal nɛ daag siꞌa, ka li paꞌali ba kpɛŋ la paŋ ka ba maali li ka li wan wʋʋ kɔnbkim duor.

Gɔsim Ya'as

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Tɛmpilet:Clear


Gbanvɛɛnsa

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]
  1. ↑ Hiendleder S, Kaupe B, Wassmuth R, Janke A (2002). "Molecular analysis of wild and domestic sheep questions current nomenclature and provides evidence for domestication from two different subspecies". Proc. Biol. Sci. 269 (1494): 893–904. doi:10.1098/rspb.2002.1975. PMC 1690972. PMID 12028771.
  2. 1 2 Ensminger, p. 5
  3. ↑ Ensminger, p. 4
  4. ↑ Weaver, pp. 11–14
  5. ↑ Simmons & Ekarius, p. 2
  6. ↑ Krebs, Robert E.; Carolyn A. (2003). Groundbreaking Scientific Experiments, Inventions & Discoveries of the Ancient World. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-313-31342-4.
  7. ↑ Franke, Ute (January 2016). "Prehistoric Balochistan: Cultural Developments in an Arid Region". In Markus Reindel; Karin Bartl; Friedrich Lüth; Norbert Benecke (eds.). Palaeoenvironment and the Development of Early Settlements. VML, Verlag Marie Leidorf. ISBN 978-3-86757-395-5. Archived from the original on 15 March 2022. Retrieved 31 July 2020.
  8. ↑ Meadow, Richard H. (1991). Harappa Excavations 1986–1990 A Multidisciplinary Approach to Third Millennium Urbanism. Madison Wisconsin: PREHISTORY PRESS. pp. 94 Moving east to the Greater Indus Valley, decreases in the size of cattle, goat, and sheep also appear to have taken place starting in the 6th or even 7th Millennium BC (Meadow 1984b, 1992). Details of that phenomenon, which I have argued elsewhere was a local process at least for sheep and cattle (Meadow 1984b, 1992).
  9. ↑ Chessa, B.; Pereira, F.; Arnaud, F.; et al. (2009). "Revealing the History of Sheep Domestication Using Retrovirus Integrations". Science. 324 (5926): 532–536. Bibcode:2009Sci...324..532C. doi:10.1126/science.1170587. PMC 3145132. PMID 19390051.
  10. ↑ Weaver, p. 11
  11. ↑ Smith et al., p. 8
  12. ↑ https://www.britannica.com/animal/domesticated-sheep
  13. ↑ https://www.sacrewell.org.uk/news/why-do-some-sheep-have-horns-and-others-dont/
  14. ↑ Simmons & Ekarius
  15. ↑ Wooster, p. 187.
  16. ↑ Smith et al., p. 95.
  17. ↑ "CFR – Code of Federal Regulations Title 21". Accessdata.fda.gov. 7 November 1996. Archived from the original on 15 April 2014. Retrieved 14 April 2014.
  18. 1 2 Weaver
  19. 1 2 Simmons & Ekarius
  20. ↑ Paolo Bellavite; Riccardo Ortolani & Anita Conforti (June 2006). "Immunology and Homeopathy. Experimental Studies on Animal Models". Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 3 (2): 171–86. doi:10.1093/ecam/nel016. PMC 1475939. PMID 16786046.
  21. ↑ Wooster
  22. ↑ Simmons & Ekarius
  23. ↑ Grandin, T. (ed.). 2007. Livestock handling and transport. 3rd Ed. CABI, Wallingford, UK. 386 pp.
  24. 1 2 Gregory, N. G. 1998. Animal welfare and meat science. CABI, Wallingford, UK. 298 pp.
  25. ↑ Houpt, K. A. 2004. Behavioral physiology. In: Reece, W. O. (ed.). Dukes' physiology of domestic animals. 12th Ed. Cornell Univ. Press, Ithaca, New York. pp. 952–961.
  26. 1 2 Moberg, G. P. and J. A. Mench. 2000. The biology of animal stress: basic principles and implications for welfare. CABI, Wallingford, UK. pp. 1–21.
  27. ↑ Brogden, K. A., H. D. Lehmjuhl, R. C. Cutlip. 1998. Pasteurella haemolytica complicated respiratory infections in sheep and goats. Vet. Res. 29: 233–254.
  28. ↑ Kimberling, C. V. 1988. Jensen and Swift's diseases of sheep. 3rd Ed. Lea & Fibiger, Philadelphia. 394 pp.
  29. ↑ Simmons & Ekarius, p. 161.
  30. 1 2 Simmons & Ekarius
  31. ↑ Brown, Dave; Sam Meadowcroft (1996). The Modern Shepherd. Ipswich, United Kingdom: Farming Press. ISBN 978-0-85236-188-7.
  32. ↑ "Standard Operating Procedures – sheep Mulesing". New South Wales Department of Primary Industries. Archived from the original on 6 September 2007. Retrieved 1 March 2008.
  33. ↑ Primary Industries Ministerial Council (2006). The Sheep (PDF). Primary Industries Report Series (2nd ed.). CSIRO Publishing. pp. 17–23. ISBN 978-0-643-09357-7. Archived from the original on 29 August 2016. Retrieved 1 March 2008.{{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  34. 1 2 Brown, Dave; Sam Meadowcroft (1996). The Modern Shepherd. Ipswich, United Kingdom: Farming Press. ISBN 978-0-85236-188-7.
  35. ↑ Cuming, Marius (24 January 2008). "Live sheep ship-shape". North Queensland Register. Archived from the original on 16 March 2008. Retrieved 24 January 2008.
  36. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Weaver
  37. ↑ Severson, Kim (14 September 2005). "Iceland Woos America With Lamb and Skyr". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 16 April 2009. Retrieved 27 January 2008.
  38. ↑ Simmons & Ekarius, pp. 325–329
  39. 1 2 Ensminger
  40. ↑ "Sheep Poo paper". Creative Paper Wales. Archived from the original on 12 October 2007. Retrieved 1 December 2007.
  41. ↑ Simmons & Ekarius, p. 322
  42. ↑ Simmons & Ekarius, p. 333
  43. ↑ Simmons & Ekarius, pp. 332–334
  44. ↑ Smith et al., p. 31.
  45. 1 2 3 Simmons & Ekarius
  46. ↑ Small, Joanna (18 January 2008). "Sheep Compete With Beef". KSBR News. ABC. Archived from the original on 16 March 2008. Retrieved 27 January 2008.
  47. ↑ Simmons & Ekarius, p. 1.
  48. 1 2 Wilde, Matthew (20 January 2008). "Profit opportunities raising sheep". Waterloo-Cedar Falls Courier. Retrieved 27 January 2008.
  49. ↑ Simmons & Ekarius, p. 3.
  50. ↑ College of Agriculture and Home Economics. "Sheep Production and Management" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 September 2020. Retrieved 25 October 2019.
  51. ↑ "FAOSTAT". www.fao.org. Archived from the original on 29 May 2020. Retrieved 25 October 2019.
  52. ↑ Oxford English Dictionary, 1933: Mutton, Sheep, Beef.
  53. ↑ "Mutton". Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary. Archived from the original on 22 April 2009. Retrieved 23 January 2008.
  54. ↑ "What Is Mutton? Understanding The History". Mutton Renaissance Campaign. Archived from the original on 23 July 2017. Retrieved 23 January 2008.
  55. 1 2 3 4 Apple, R.W. Jr. (29 March 2006). "Much Ado About Mutton, but Not in These Parts". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 16 April 2009. Retrieved 23 January 2008.
  56. ↑ Smith et al., p. 147.
  57. ↑ "Sheep Trade in Syria" (PDF). napcsyr.org. National Agricultural Policy Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform, Syrian Arab Republic. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 October 2016. Retrieved 16 August 2016.
  58. 1 2 Pulina et al. p. 2.
  59. ↑ Kurmann, Joseph A.; Jeremija L. Rašić; Manfred Kroger (1992). Encyclopedia of Fermented Fresh Milk Products: An International Inventory. New York, NY: Springer. ISBN 978-0-442-00869-7. p. 343.
  60. ↑ "Docking, castrating, and disbudding". sheepandgoat.com. Archived from the original on 15 December 2018. Retrieved 30 August 2014.
  61. ↑ American Institute Of Agriculture, Chicago (1922). Marketing Live Stock. Archived from the original on 15 March 2022. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
  62. ↑ "Fifth Report on the Statistics on the Number of Animals used for Experimental and other Scientific Purposes in the Member States of the European Union" (PDF). Commission of the European Communities. November 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 February 2008. Retrieved 10 February 2008.
  63. ↑ Lehrman, Sally (July 2008). "No More Cloning Around". Scientific American. Archived from the original on 19 November 2008. Retrieved 21 September 2008.
  64. ↑ de Gortari MJ, Freking BA, Cuthbertson RP, et al. (1998). "A second-generation linkage map of the sheep genome". Mamm. Genome. 9 (3): 204–09. doi:10.1007/s003359900726. PMID 9501303. S2CID 1551771. Archived from the original on 23 July 2018. Retrieved 31 December 2018.
  65. ↑ Dalrymple BP, Kirkness EF, Nefedov M, et al. (2007). "Using comparative genomics to reorder the human genome sequence into a virtual sheep genome". Genome Biol. 8 (7): R152. doi:10.1186/gb-2007-8-7-r152. PMC 2323240. PMID 17663790.
  66. ↑ Tan Ee Lyn (24 April 2012). "Worm turns sheep clone to "good" fat: China scientists". Reuters. Archived from the original on 8 February 2022. Retrieved 5 July 2021.
  67. ↑ Fountain, Henry (22 January 2008). "In a Sheep Population, Researchers Find a Fitness Gene". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 10 April 2009. Retrieved 5 February 2008.
  68. ↑ Sample, Ian (18 January 2008). "Soays' natural selection on the hoof". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 27 December 2013. Retrieved 5 February 2008.
  69. ↑ Fleming, Nic (18 January 2008). "Darker black sheep's decline is in the genes". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 11 January 2022. Retrieved 20 August 2016.
  70. ↑ Recchia FA; Lionetti V (2007). "Animal models of dilated cardiomyopathy for translational research". Vet. Res. Commun. 31 (Suppl 1): 35–41. doi:10.1007/s11259-007-0005-8. PMID 17682844. S2CID 12807169.
  71. ↑ Hasenfuss G (1998). "Animal models of human cardiovascular disease, heart failure and hypertrophy". Cardiovasc. Res. 39 (1): 60–76. doi:10.1016/S0008-6363(98)00110-2. PMID 9764190.
  72. ↑ Barry JS; Anthony RV (2008). "The pregnant sheep as a model for human pregnancy". Theriogenology. 69 (1): 55–67. doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2007.09.021. PMC 2262949. PMID 17976713.
  73. ↑ Vuguin PM (2007). "Animal models for small for gestational age and fetal programming of adult disease". Horm. Res. 68 (3): 113–23. doi:10.1159/000100545. PMC 4287248. PMID 17351325.
  74. ↑ Peirce JW; Leigh AE; daCosta AP; Kendrick KM. (June 2001). "Human face recognition in sheep: lack of configurational coding and right hemisphere advantage". Behavioural Processes. 55 (1): 13–26. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.560.5882. doi:10.1016/S0376-6357(01)00158-9. PMID 11390088. S2CID 11458099.
  75. ↑ "Sheep". Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary. Archived from the original on 12 October 2008. Retrieved 1 December 2007.
  76. 1 2 Ammer, Christine (1997). American Heritage Dictionary of Idioms. Houghton Mifflin. p. 64. ISBN 978-0-395-72774-4. Retrieved 13 November 2007. american heritage dictionary black sheep.
  77. ↑ "Sheepish". Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary. Archived from the original on 22 April 2009. Retrieved 1 December 2007.
  78. ↑ Budiansky, p. 159.
  79. 1 2 3 Cooper, JC (1992). Symbolic and Mythological Animals. London: Aquarian Press. p. 219. ISBN 978-1-85538-118-6.
  80. ↑ "Eid ul Adha (10 Dhul-Hijja) – the festival of sacrifice". BBC. Archived from the original on 13 November 2012. Retrieved 8 January 2008.
  81. ↑ "Eid Festival Around The World – Graphic photos". Sweetness & Light. Archived from the original on 20 February 2008. Retrieved 8 January 2008.
  82. ↑ Robertson, Cambpell (13 August 2008). "Bloody Blessing Goes Unnoticed". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 7 July 2012. Retrieved 10 September 2008.
Retrieved from "https://kus.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pɛ%27og&oldid=17567"