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Pɛ'og

Dɛmisim tɔ'ɔŋir suoya la
Di yinɛ Wikipiidia
Pɛ'og
organisms known by a particular common name
Subclass ofdomesticated mammal, productive animal, herbivore, ruminant Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Has useNi'im, milk, wool Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Nameਭੇਡ, بھیڈ Dɛmisim gbɛlima
This taxon is source ofwool, Q118869033 Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Habitatpen Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Has characteristicsheep breed Dɛmisim gbɛlima
History of topichistory of sheep Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Taxon known by this common nameOvis aries Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Produced soundbleat Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Unicode character🐑, 🐏 Dɛmisim gbɛlima

Pɛ'og bɛɛ yin pɛ'ʋg kanɛ ka ba buon ye (Ovis aries) anɛ yin kɔnbʋg kanɛ dʋ'ad ka ba gʋ'ʋnɛ ba yin. Na'asaalin la ba ya'a  ye sheep di tʋn'ɛ Pa'an yɛlla pamm amaa nɛŋa pa'anɛ yin kɔnbid bɛɛ yin pɛ'ʋg yɛlla. Nwɛn wʋʋ bʋnkɔbid wʋsaa, pɛ'ɛs yinɛ Artiodactyla buudi ni. Ka mɔr nɔbbibis bɛɛ nɔb ɛnns bʋa'kira ayi. Ka ba kanl na an' wʋʋ billion yinnɛ.  Yin pɛ'ɛs la an' pɛ'ɛs banɛ zu'oe.Na'asaanam buon pɛ' nya'aŋ la nɛ ye ewe (/juː/ yoo), ka buon pɛ'raug la ye ram, saŋa bɛdigʋ,  ba buon ban fuoe pɛ'raad sieba la ye wether, ka pɛ'bibis la ye lamb.

Pin’ilig

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Pɛ’ogi dɔlis tʋŋ si’a yi mɔɔgin bʋnkɔnbid ni ka ba ti kpɛn’ɛsid o yin la nan pʋ ni’e paalʋ.[1] Vɛɛnsig pa’al ye Ovis aries yinɛ Asiatic (O. gmelini) buudi kanɛ buon mouflon ni; Mɔɔgin pɛ’og kanɛ bɛ Europe ka ba buon European mouflon (Ovis aries musimon) dɔlis nɛ buudi kaŋa ni kɛna.[2] Pɛ’og anɛ bʋnkɔnbig kanɛ ka ninsaalib da mɔr o kpɛn’ɛ yin yiiga (baa ban da mɔr baa kpɛn’ɛ yin wan wʋʋ yʋma tusa piiga bɛɛ tusa pisi banɛ gaad la); ban da mɔr o kpɛn’ɛ yin da anɛ yʋʋm 11,000 nɛ 9000 BC tɛnsʋki bɛ Mesopotamia[3][4][5][6] ka Mehrgarh tɛŋin an wʋʋ yʋʋm 7000 bɛ Indus Valley.[7][8] Ban pin’ili gʋ’ʋn pɛ’og o la’asi’eba yela, nɛ ban nɔbig da bɛnɛ southwest Asia bɛɛ western Europe.[9] Pin’ilig la, ba da gʋ’ʋn pɛ’og nɛ ni’im, bin'isim nɛ o gbaŋ la ma’a yela. Banɛ vɛɛnsid kʋdʋmin dim yela pa’al ye ba nyɛ zin’ig si’a Iran pa’al ye ba da gaans pɛ’ɛs banɛ mɔr kɔnbilig nɛ 6000 BC,[2][10] ka li yʋʋm tusayi paae tusatan’ ni ka ba mɔr kɔnbilig la fuudi yɛɛd.[11]

Pɛ'og gbin

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Pɛ'og anɛ yin bʋnkɔbkanɛ an nɔba anaasi ka mɔr kɔnbʋlʋg bɛdigʋ. O anɛ bʋnkɔnbkanɛ ka o ituma ka’e war-warɛ, ka ti yaanam ye sɔnlʋm-sɔnlʋm bɔzʋgɔ fʋ ya’a kuud o nwa, o pʋ kaasi da o ʋnsidnɛ. Nidib gʋ’ʋn o nɛ ye ni’im, ligidi, kʋʋr ya’a bɛ, ba’ar, nɛ saŋa sia bin’isim yɛla. O anɛ bʋnkɔnbkanɛ du’ad ka muasidi o bʋnbibis nɛ bin’isim.[12] O lɛ anɛ bʋnkɔnb kanɛ pʋ mɔr iila, fʋ ya’a ti nyɛ ka pɛ’og mɔr iila, li anɛ pɛraʋg ma’a mɔr iila[13]. O bɛnɛ o kɔn’ nɛ bʋʋg, bɔzʋgɔ bʋraug wɔɔ bʋnya’aŋ  wɔɔ ba mɔri iila amaa, pɛraug ma’a mɔr iila ka pɛnya’aŋ pʋ mɔr iila.

Laafi

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Linɛ kʋ’ʋd pɛɛs anɛ yabid, nɛ wi’ma, nɛ siɛli na kɔrig. Bʋnkɔnb kanɛ mɔr dataala, nar ka ɔ sʋa ɔ yaa ti nyɛ zabin kanɛ pa’al yɛl bɛ wiim ka ɔ dataa da paaɛ ɔ.[14] Amaa zanbin siɛba bɛ nɛ ka fʋ na baŋ, pɛ’og kanɛ bɛ’ɛd dit nɛ fins’fins, ka ka’asid saŋa bɛdigʋ, ka pʋ la’asid nɛ ɔ taabaa.[15] Pin’ligin sa ligiid bɛdigʋ kanɛ ka banɛ gʋ’ɔl pɛɛs la lɛm mɔrnɛ iɛd pɛ’og tiima ya’as. Pin’ligin sa kɔnbkim da iia tima pɔɔdin. Tɛŋ banɛ pʋn an tɛŋpʋʋs la, la’am nɛ naasaatɛŋ, ba gɔs nɛ ka pɛ’og kaɛ linɛ ka ba bɔɔd da’anɛ lin zʋg ka banɛ maan tima pʋ ɛar sʋɔr kanɛ ka ba na nɔk ligtita’ar maal pɛ’og tiim.[16] Amaa ti siɛba bɛ ka ba mɔr maan pɛɛs ka li kaɛ bɛ’ɛdɛ ka lɛɛ mɔr wada siɛba fʋn na maal siɛm. wɛn wɔɔ naasaatɛŋ, wada banɛ dɔlisid linɛ nar bɛ nɛ 21 CFR (Code of Federal Regʋlations) Part 530.[17] 20th century ne 21st century, nidib biɛla banɛ gʋ’ʋn pɛɛs da basnɛ ka yʋ’ʋn dɔl ti ya’a, nɛ homeopathy, la’am nɛ China ti ya’a tima yɛ ba tiɛbi ba pɛ’ɛs ba’ans wʋsa.[18][19] La’am nɛ gbanmiidibi di kasɛta li yɛla la, ti banɛ tiɛbid la sɔbi bɛ naasaanam gbana ni.[18][19][20] Ti ya’a nɛ naasaatima yʋʋn yalignɛ zin’ik ka banɛ gʋ’ʋn pɛ’ɛs yaŋidi tiɛbidi ba pɛ’ɛs.[21]

Banɛ gʋ’ʋn la bɛdigʋ ɛnti bɔ nɛ tima kɔn’bkɔn’b yɛ ba nyaŋɛ siiɛ yɛla. Yiiga anɛ yɛ fʋ gɔs ka pɛ’og kanɛ ka fʋ da’ la mɔr laafi. Kɔn’b da’adib bɛdigʋ bʋ bɔɔd bʋnkɔn’b kanɛ ka ba ba’kʋ yiis ɔn bɛ’ɛd la yɛla.[22] Li tɔ’ɔn pa’al yɛ fʋ yɔ fʋ kɔnbid ka mɛ yɔ kɔn’b sa’aʋŋ kanɛ ka fʋ da’a la paaɛ wadig. Bʋnama ayi nar yɛ fʋ maal anɛ fʋ tisʋ diib sʋ’ʋŋa ka mɛ da gɛnsʋ’ʋ. fʋn na ba’kʋ ɔ kɔ, tʋ’kpiidʋg, yɛla zin’ig, zabir, tʋʋlʋg, wa’ad, gɛnlis nɛ siɛba tɔ’ɔn ba’as nɛ ba’ans, nɛ niŋbin zabir.[23][24][25][26] Gɛn’lis bɛdigʋ tɔ’ɔn da’amʋ ɔ niŋbiŋ tʋʋma.[26] “Shipping fever” (pneʋmonic mannheimiosis, formerly called pasteurellosis) anɛ wi’im yitnɛ gɛnlis ni, kas kas anɛ fʋn na mɔrʋ waɛ zin’isia bɛɛ fʋn na zanl ɔ.[27][28] zabir, dabiɛm, nɛ siɛnam bɛdigʋ tɔ’ɔn kɛ ka ɔ paam ɛpinephrine (adrenaline). Epinephrine secretion ya’a yʋʋg ka fʋ na’an kɔdigʋ li tɔ’ɔn sa’am ni’im la malisim(by caʋsing glycogenolysis, ka yisid lini kɛt ka niim malis) ka li kɛt ka ni’im pʋ yʋʋgida ka sa’amid.[24] Yɛl bama zʋg li nar ka fʋ gɔs pɛ’og sʋ’ʋŋa. Ka kɛ ka pɛ’og pʋ di lini an yabidɛɛ, yabid wɔɔ bʋnvʋya ti’kanɛ ka ba pʋʋsid, naasaabʋgilim, motor kpa’am, nɛ radiator coolant an kpa’am malis ka lɛɛ pʋ dit la.[29]

Na’ana kanɛ ka nidib ti’ɛbid pɛ’ɛs anɛ kʋsib nɛ bʋnvʋya tiɛbʋg. Bʋnvʋya banɛ bɛ pʋʋgin nɛ banɛ bɛ yiŋ an wiim kanɛ bɛ pɛ’ɛs ni nɛ sapʋad bɛɛ pʋ lɛn dʋad bɛdigʋ.[30] Bʋnvʋya tisid pɛ’ɛs pʋʋgin ba’a. ba ɛnti dɔl nɛ kpɛ’ saŋkanɛ ka ba ɔnbid mɔɔd la, ka nɔbigid pɛ’og la pʋʋg ka yi digestive system ni (ka lɛn sin’iŋ ya’as). Oral anti-parasitic medicine ka ba bʋɔn drenches ka ba mɔrɛ tisid bʋnkɔn’bid la ka li ti’ɛbid wɔrms ba ya’a ti nɔbigid  yɛ li sin’iŋ tʋʋma. Pɛ’og la nar ka ɔ tɔ’ɔm zi’igi ɔnb ka worms la da lɛn paaɛ ɔ.[31] Bʋnvʋya banɛ da’amid pɛ’og niŋbiŋ la anɛ: karigis (li bɛ nɛ ɔ niŋbiŋ lʋas kɔn’bkɔn’b), sheep keds, nose bots, sheep itch mites, nɛ zʋn’zʋr. Keds la anɛ bʋnvʋr banɛ nʋʋd ziim ka kɛt ka pɛ’og la pʋ tɔ’ɔn di’ta ka lɛɛ kaɛ sapʋadɛ. Zʋn’zʋya la anɛ bot fly nɛ blow-fly, wɔɔ Lucilia sericata bɛ li ti’ran L. cuprina. Zʋn’zʋ ɛada dʋm mɛ. Bʋn iiada nyɛ’ɛdnɛ gɛla fɛ’ʋŋin bɛɛ zin’ikanɛ an ma’asigʋ, ka zʋnzʋya la ya’a ti nɔbig, ba ba’adnɛ pɛ’og la niŋbiŋin ka ɔ ti kpi, ba ya’a pʋ tiɛb ɔ tɔ’ɔtɔ’ɔ. ti’ɛb kanɛ lɛm pa’as anɛ fʋ na yi’is kɔbilik la, li anɛ tiɛb kanɛ an na’ana’a. tɛŋsiɛba yisidnɛ gbaŋ la bʋn iiada la kʋ lɛn yaŋɛ sʋa ani ya’asɛ. Ba ɛnti niŋ ala saŋkanɛ ka pɛ’og la nan an pɛ’og’bil.[32][33] Nose bots anɛ bʋn iiada banɛ nanpʋ kpɛ’iŋɛ ka bɛ pɛ’og yɔ’ya ni ka kɛ ka pɛ’og la pʋ tɔ’ɔn vʋ’ʋsida. Li kɛt ka mi’mɛ’ɛd yit’ɔ ɔ yɔ’ya ni, ka ɔ tɛ’sim, ka kind ka lɔbid zʋg. Fʋ tɔ’ɔn kad bʋnvʋya banɛ daamid pɛ’og niŋbiŋ la nɛ backliners, nɛ fʋn na pʋʋs ɔ nɛ tiim.[30]

Pɛ'og tʋʋma

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]
  1. Pɛ'og tʋʋm yinne anɛ ni'im yɛla.
  2. Ba mɔr pɛ'og gbana maan ssi'enam bɛdigʋ.
  3. Kusaas mɔr pɛ'ogi maan maana.

Da’a diib sʋ’ʋm

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]
Dunia wʋsa pɛ’ɛs
Yʋʋm 2019
Kanl million nam
1. China 163.5 (13.19%)
2. India 74.3 (5.99%)
3. Australia 65.8 (5.31%)
4. Nigeria 46.9 (3.78%)
5. Iran 41.3 (3.33%)
6. Sudan 40.9 (3.3%)
7. Chad 35.9 (2.9%)
8. Turkey 35.2 (2.84%)
9. United Kingdom 33.6 (2.71%)
10. Mongolia 32.3 (2.61%)
World total 1,239.8
Yiya na: UN Food and Agriculture Organization

Pɛ’og anɛ bʋnkɔnb kanɛ an yɛlkpan kuob nɛ gʋ’ʋl pʋʋgin dunia wʋsa, amaa bʋnkɔnb si’eba kɛna di’e ba nɔbir hali ka ba yʋ’ʋn gʋ’ʋni ba, li kaskas anɛ kurkur, nua nɛ naaf.[34] China, Australia, India, nɛ Iran mɔr pɛ’ɛs bɛdigʋ, anina ka ba tɛŋin dim paamid ni’im nɛ gbana, ka mɛ lɛn mɔri laligid tɛŋ si’eba.[35] Tɛnsi’eba wan wʋʋ New Zealand bʋnkɔnbid pʋ zuoe wala amaa ba nyaŋid yel hali ba da’a diib pʋʋgin ban kuosid lɔmisid tɛɛnsi kuosid pɛ’ɛs la zug. Pɛ’og anɛ bʋnkɔnbig kanɛ kɛ ka tɛnsi’eba da’a diib nɔbigid, ka ba gɔsid ban na niŋ si’em ka kuob nɛ gʋ’ʋl nɔbig ka mɛ sʋŋ banɛ kuosid diib tɛɛnsin.[36][37] Tɛɛns banɛ nan pʋ nɔbig la, bʋnkɔnbid nwa’ paas kuob nɛ  gʋ’ʋl ni ka sʋŋid la’ad kuosig ka li kɛn tuon. Zin’ig si’eba gba ba mɔr pɛ’ɛsi ti’asid nɛ la’asi’eba.[36]

Ti nyɛt la’asi’eba bɛdigʋ yit pɛ’ɛs banɛ ka ba gʋ’ʋn yaan la. Gbana ka ba mɔri maan fuud, amaa 20th century naar saŋa la gbana ligidi da lɛb nya’aŋ hali bɔzugɔ ban da pin’ili mɔr la’asi’eba maan fuud la.[36] Nidib banɛ sʋ’ʋe kɔnbid la sa’an, fʋ na yɔ ligid si’a ka ba ki’esi fʋ pɛ’og kɔnbid la gat nyɔɔd kanɛ ka fʋ na paam, ka  li kɛ ka bʋnkɔnbid kuosig ma’a pʋ mɔr nyɔɔdɛ, ba ya’a pʋ si’e kuob nɛ gʋ’ʋl la’ad ligidi.[36] Kɔnbilig la mɔri maan fuudi tabin dɔɔg pʋʋgin. 21st century saŋa, ni’im kuosig da anɛ linɛ mɔr ligidi hali bɛ pɛ’og gʋ’ʋlig ni, baa nidibi pʋ ɔnbid pɛ’og ni’im wan wʋʋ ban ɔnbid nua, kurkur bɛɛ naaf ni’im si’em la.[34]

Pɛ’og gbaŋ mɛ mɔri maan fuud, ta’ada, kparikɛn’ɛd nɛ la’asi’eba. Ba ya’a kɔdig pɛ’og ka la’abanɛ bɛɛ o pʋʋgin ka ba pʋ bɔɔd la mɛ mɔr nyɔɔd: pɛ’og kpaam ka ba mɔri maan ki’ibʋ nɛ candle, ba mɔr pɛ’og kɔnbir nɛ o giinla maan la’asi’eba wan wʋʋ luudu biig nɛ ga’adiŋ ka lɛn mɔri maan tabidiŋ ka ba buon na’asaalin ye glue la. [38]Ba mɔr pɛ’og pʋʋgin nyɔɔdi maani tʋʋd diba ni, ka mɔr pɛ’ɛbibis nyɔɔdi maan gʋnma sɛɛnd ningbiŋ, ka mɛ lɛn an gʋnma tis kɔn nɛ tennis rackets.[39] Pɛ’ɛs bina, linɛ mɔr kʋ’ʋlim la, ba mɔri gɛndigid sa’adi maan pɛpa.[40] La’ad banɛ bɛ pɛ’og ni ka ba pʋ bɔɔda, linɛ mɔr nyɔɔdi ba wʋsa ni anɛ kpaam la bɛ gbaŋ ni la: dinɛ li’ ningbiŋ la ka kuom pʋ gat la, ka an kpaam bɛ pɛ’og la gbaŋ ni ka ba mɔri maan kpasɔɔnrim nam nɛ kpasi’eba la.[39]

Kpaadib si’eba gʋ’ʋn ka mɛ nyɛt nyɔɔdi yit kɔnbig la vʋm pʋʋgin. Nidib banɛ mɔri ba pɛ’ɛsi kɛn pʋ’asada nɛ dasam di’ema ni wan wʋʋ 4-H nɛ nya’ab di’ema nami bɛ kuob nɛ gʋ’ʋl zin’isin la anɛ suor ka ba nyaŋidi kuosidi ba pɛ’ɛs la.[41] Kpaadib tɔ’ɔn gaŋ ye ba gɔs pɛ’og buudi si’a ka nyaŋi kuosi li, ka si’eba mɛ ɛɛti nɔki ba pɛraad ka ba dʋti ba taaba pɛ’ɛs ka ba yɔɔdi ba.[42] Suor paalig kanɛ ka ba dɔlisid pɛ’ɛs ni paamid nyɔɔd anɛ ban na nɔki ba tis ninsi’eba ka ba kɛŋ ɔnbi ba mɔɔd ka yɔɔ ba ka kɔnbig la ɔnb la sam; ba bɔɔd banɛ nwaasid mɔɔd  la nɛ ye ba yis mɔɔg ka li da zuoe nidibi la’asid zin’ig si’eba nam lin na niŋ si’em ka li gu’ bugum la’aŋir.[43]

Baa pɛ’ɛs da’a lɛb nya’aŋ zin’is bɛdigʋ ni la, pɛ’og la’an mɔr ligidi hali gat bʋnkɔnbid banɛ kpɛlim la. Ba pʋ bɔɔd gbɛɛnsig dɔɔg kanɛ ka li ligidi zuoe,[44] wan wʋʋ ban gu'un nɔɔs nɛ kurkurnam dɔɔdin si’em la. Ba pʋ faand paalʋ; pɛ’ɛs wan wʋʋ ayuobʋ na nyaŋi kpɛn’ɛ zin’ig kanɛ ka naaf bɛɛ wi’ef yinnɛ ma’a kpɛn’ɛd.[45][46] Pɛ’ɛs mɛ ɔnbid mɔɔd wan wʋʋ mɔɔd banɛ ka bʋnkɔnb si’eba pʋn kʋ si’isɛ, ka mɛ na dʋ’a biis tɔ’ɔtɔ’.[47] Linɛ lɛn paas ya’as, bʋnkɔnb si’eba ka ba ligidi dʋti dɔli ba yam bɛɛ ba diib, wan wʋʋ kawɛnna, maagi nɛ bi’elim si’eba la, pɛ’og ligidi ba’a kae nɛ la’aban ligidi an si’em.[48] Fʋ ya’a gɔs bʋnbama nɛ pɛ’og ligidi mɛ pʋ zuoe wala, nwa’ wʋsa pa’al ye banɛ gʋ’ʋn pɛ’ɛs la mɔr nyɔɔd, baa o kɔnbid la ya’a pʋ zuoe.[48] Pɛ’ɛs gʋ’ʋlig mɔr nyɔɔdi tis banɛ gʋ’ʋni ba mɛŋ din, la’anɛ banɛ gʋ’ʋni ba yaan ka li pʋ nyɛt la’ad bɛdigʋ tisidi baa, bɔzugɔ pɛ’ɛs gʋ’ʋlig anɛ linɛ ka ba nan pʋ gɔsi li paas kuob nɛ gʋ’ʋl tʋʋmbɛda nii.[49] Amaa, banɛ gʋ’ʋn bi’ela, ka mɔr bʋn-nya’as wan wʋʋ piiga paae pisnu (10 to 50 ewes), pʋ mɔr nyɔɔdɛ bɔzugɔ ba pʋ gɔsidi ba titua nɛ. Linɛ zug ka li an ala anɛ ye ba kʋ nyaŋi mɔr masin nami guri ba, ka li kɛt ka ba pʋ nyɛt nyɔɔdɛ. Nidib gʋ’ʋn kɔnbid bi’ela wala buudi nɛ ka li anɛ bɔɔdim yela ka si’eba mɛ mɔri ba ka ba ye ba ɔnbid mɔɔg kuosuoya nam ni.[50]

Diib

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Pɛ’og ni’im nɛ o bin’isim da anɛ diib hali tis dʋdʋmin dim ka ba da dit ka li maani ba ningbina ban da pin’ili tɔn’ɔsid ka la’asid kuod nɛ gʋ’ʋl la’ad la.[45] Ba buon pɛ’og ni’im ye pɛ’og ni’im, ka yʋʋm wʋsa pʋʋgin ba kuud pɛ’ɛs wan wʋʋ 540 million maan ni’im dunia wʋsa pʋʋgin.[51] "Mutton" linɛ an pɛ’og ni’im na’asaalin la yina Old French moton, linɛ da an yʋ’ʋr kanɛ ka Anglo-Norman tuongatib da pʋd pɛ’og, banɛ da yit British Isles Middle Ages saŋa. Nwa’ da kilim pɛ’og ni’im na’asaalin, ka yʋ’ʋr kanɛ yi Old English ni ka ba buon sceap la ka ba lɛɛ da nɔki pʋd bʋnvʋr la yʋ’ʋr.[52] Pin’ilig sa, "mutton" linɛ an pɛ’og yʋ’ʋr na’asaalin la da anɛ yʋ’ʋr kanɛ ka ba buon pɛ’og ni’im, amaa ka li anɛ banɛ paae yʋma ayi wa’ala; "lamb" an yʋ’ʋr kanɛ ka ba da tis pɛ’og kanɛ nan pʋ paae yʋʋm yinnɛ.[53][54][55]

21st century saŋa, tɛɛns banɛ ka ba da ɔnbid pɛ’og ni’im hali da anɛ Arab states of the Persian Gulf, New Zealand, Australia, Greece, Uruguay, United Kingdom nɛ Ireland.[36] Tɛɛns bama ɔnbid 14–40 lbs (3–18 kg) pɛ’og ni’im yʋʋm wʋsa.[36][55] Pɛ’og ni’im yʋ’ʋr mɛ yi France, Africa (li kaskas Arab tɛɛnsin), Caribbean, banɛ kpɛlim Middle East, India, nɛ China zin’is si’eba.[55] Nwa’ dɔl nɛ ban da pin’ili gʋ’ʋn kɔnbid la saŋa. Tɛɛns bam ani tita’am, diib banɛ ka ba nɔk pɛ’og ni’imi maal bɛnɛ zin’ig wʋsa. Pɛ’og lana—ka ba buon animelles bɛɛ lamb fries—anɛ dikpɛŋi tis tɛɛns bɛdigʋ dunia ni. Linɛ ka ba mɔr pɛ’og ni’imi maan ka li bɛ li kɔn’ anɛ Scottish haggis, lin anɛ pɛ’og puʋgin la’ad ka ba dʋg nɛ oatmeal ka sɛ gabʋ gɛndig nɛ pʋʋr la.[56] Fʋ ya’a ye fʋ mamisi gɔs, tɛɛns wan wʋʋ U.S. ɔnbid ni’im la wan wʋʋ pound bɛɛ li gaad ala (pʋ paae 0.5 kg), ka America nidib ɔnbid kurkur ni’im 50 pounds (22 kg) nɛ naaf ni’im 65 pounds (29 kg).[55] Linɛ lɛn paas ya’as, tɛŋban nidib pʋ ɔnbid naaf ni’im wala, ka lɛɛ bɔɔ pɛ’og zin’ig kanɛ ka li ligidi kpi’em: tita’am bɔɔd gbɛr ni’im.[36]

Baa ban pʋ kpɛn tugunu nud pɛ’og bin’isim la,[57] zina nwa’ ba mɔr tita’am maanɛ cheese nɛ yogurt. Pɛ’og mɔr bin’is nɔya ayi, ka maan bin’isim bi’ela, fʋ ya’a ye fʋ mak nɛ naaf din.[45] Amaa, pɛ’og bin’isim mɔr kpaam, ka an gaanlig, ka maan ningbina gat naaf bin’isim, lin ka ba mɔri maan cheese.[58] Fʋ ya’a zi’eli li ka li ma’ae biim, si’a bɛ kɔnba la ni maan kɔnba, linɛ na gʋ’ʋd ka li kʋ san’am.[58] Ban nɔk pɛ’og bin’isim maal bin’isim diib si’eba an feta linɛ bɛ Bulgaria nɛ Greece, Roquefort linɛ bɛ France, Manchego yit Spain, pecorino romano (Itali dim buon pɛ’og ye pecore) nɛ ricotta Italy tɛŋin nɔɔ. Yogurts, si’eba maali yinɛ pɛ’og bin’isim ni.[59] Ba maal la’abama bɛdigʋ yinɛ naaf bin’isim ni, li kaskas anɛ banɛ ka bam aal tɛnsi’eba ni.[36] Pɛ’og bin’isim mɔr kpaam 4.8%, ka na nyaŋi daam banɛ pʋ bɔɔd kpaam bɛdigʋ.[36]

Wan wʋʋ bʋnkɔnbid banɛ gbɛɛnd yin la si’eba an si’em la, ba bʋndaad banɛ ka ba pʋ zan’a ba ni’im pʋ malisa, li kaskas anɛ ban nɔbigid la. Ba si’eba bɛ ka ba pʋ fʋo ba lana tɔ’ɔtɔ’ɔ bɛɛ ba pʋ fʋoe titua nɛ (ka lan biilif yinnɛ kpɛlim). Pɛraad bama buudi pʋ mɔr da’a.[60][61]

Na’asaasɔɔng ni

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Pɛ’og zuoe nɛ ka mɛ pʋ dʋ’ad tɔ’ɔtɔ’ɔ ka li kɛ ka ba vɛɛnsid o yela. Ba an yɛlkpan hali bɛ na’asaasɔɔng vɛɛnsig ni.[62] zin’ig kanɛ ka ba buon Roslin Institute of Edinburgh, Scotland tɛŋin la mɔr pɛ’ɛs buudi kɔn’ɔbkɔn’ɔbi maan vɛɛnsig ye ba gɔs yelsi’eba. Yʋʋm tusir, kɔbiswai nɛ piswai nɛ awai ni (1995), pɛ’ɛnya’as buudi ayi ka ba buon Megan nɛ Morag da an yiiga bʋnkɔnbid banɛ du’ad ka ba vɛɛnsi ba gɔs ka ba bin’isa nɔbigir pʋ zɛm taaba. Yʋʋm kanɛ da ti’al la, Finnish Dorset pɛ’og kanɛ ka ba buon, ka ba da pʋdi li yee “pɛ’og kanɛ ka dunia wʋsa mi’" bɛ Scientific American,[63] da anɛ bʋnkɔnb kanɛ da an yiiga ka ba da la’asi ba ka ba an yinnɛ ba ningbina itima pʋʋgin. Nwa’ nya’aŋ, Polly nɛ Molly da an yiiga ka ba la’asi ba saŋa yinnɛ ka ba buudinam ka’a yinnɛ.

Yʋʋm tusayi nɛ anii ni (2008), pɛ’og buudi banɛ bɛ anɛ linɛ ka ba pʋ kpɛm baŋi li wala, la’anɛ ban da yi zin’ig si’eba na ka ba nyaŋi baŋ la,[64] ka ba la’as pɛ’og buudi banɛ bɛ dɔlisidi ba DNA nɛ vɛɛnsig kanɛ ka ba mɔri ba bʋnkɔnbid banɛ dʋ’ad taaba yela la.[65] Yʋʋm tusayi nɛ piinɛyi ni (2012), pɛ’og kanɛ da mɔr buudi kɔn’ɔbkɔn’ɔb ka ba buon "Peng Peng" da yi paalʋ na dɔlis Chinese scientists, onɛ da vɛɛns ka ye o buudi anɛ samɛrid buudi ka li da dɔlis anina ka li nyaŋi maal kpaam kanɛ pʋ mɔr daʋŋi tis ninsaal ningbiŋɔ.[66]

Fʋ ya’a gɔs Wina’am maal la’asi’eba zamisig pʋʋgin, Soay sheep buudi banɛ kpɛlim Hirta tɛŋin la ba nyaŋi gɔs o ningbiŋ la nar ye li zɛm si’em bɛn ka li nyaŋi maal dʋ’a tɔ’ɔtɔ’ɔ.[67] Soay pɛ’ɛs buudi la mɔr kala kɔn’ɔbkɔn’ɔb, ka nidib da vɛɛnsi gɔs ye bɔ ka bʋnkɔnbid banɛ zuos, ka an sabila nwa kanl da si’eda; nwa’ da gɛɛs wada kanɛ ka ba ye buud banɛ an bɛda dʋ’ad tɔ’ɔtɔ’ɔ la.[68] Soays buudi banɛ bɛ Hirta la mɔr tʋʋma bɛdigʋ bɔzugɔ ba baki ba mɛŋ nɛ ba taaba.[69]

Pɛ’ɛs banɛ ka ba gʋ’ʋn yaan anɛ banɛ ka ba taa mɔri maan vɛɛnsa gɔsid, li kaskas anɛ vɛɛnsig kanɛ kati wa’ae sʋsʋnya ban’as ni, zin’is banɛ wan wʋʋ zidʋtim ban’as nɛ sʋsʋnfʋ na zan’as tʋʋma.[70][71] Ba mɔr pɛ’og kanɛ mɔr pʋʋgʋ vɛɛnsidi baŋid ninsaali pʋʋg tʋkiri mɛ an si’em, ka ba mɔri ba vɛɛnsidi gɔsid biigi nɔbigid pʋʋgin si’em,[72] o maa na pʋ dit dikanɛ maan ningbinaa.[73] Banɛ vɛɛnsidi gɔsid ninsaal itima yela, ba mɔr pɛ’ogʋ maan vɛɛnsig nwa, pɛ’og itima wan ninsaal itima la zug.[74]

Malima ni

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

solima ne gbana ni

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Pɛ’og mɔr tʋʋma hali bɛ malima bɛdigʋ ni, li kaskas anɛ zin’is banɛ ka ba zuoe galis. Fʋ ya’a buol nid ye o anɛ pɛ’og, li pa’al ye ba zɔt nɛ dabi’em ka ka’a gba’arɛ.[75] Ba mɔr pɛ’og daag ka li anɛ zanbini pa’an paŋ; zanbin kanɛ bɛ Los Angeles Rams football team nɛ Dodge Ram lɔr nya’aŋ la pa’al nɛ pɛrakanɛ mɔr iilbɛda ka ba buon Ovis canadensis.

Pɛ’ɛs kaanlig anɛ bʋnlinɛ sʋŋid nidib ka ba nyaŋidi gbisid, ka nidibi da kaan pɛ’ɛs si’em la nan kpɛlim bɛ zina nwa. Pɛ’ɛs mɛ paas si’ilima ni nɛ pian’asi’eba pʋʋgin ka ba mɔri li yet saŋa wʋsa ye "pɛ’og sabil". Fʋ ya’a buol nid ye pɛ’og sabil, li pa’al ye o anɛ ninkanɛ pʋ dɔlisid la’asig la wadaa.[76] Nwa’ yinɛ pɛ’og sabilig yinnɛ ɛɛti dʋ’a paas pɛ’ɛs banɛ an pi’ela ma’a ni la. Kɔnbkimnib da pʋ bɔɔd pɛ’ɛs sabila banɛ, bɔzugɔ ba da pʋ bɔɔd kɔnbilig sabiligi da’ada wan wʋʋ banɛ an pi’ela la.[76] Nidib banɛ si’akidi ba gɔmɛna banɛ mugusidi ba, ba pʋdʋ ba nɛ yʋ’ʋr saaŋ na’asaalin ye sheeple. Ka ba ya’a yel ye fʋ wan ni pɛ’og nɛ, li pa’al ye fʋ tʋm nɛ nyan tʋʋma.[77]

Pɛ’og anɛ zanbina tis banɛ yʋm yʋʋma wan wʋʋ The Wolf in Sheep's Clothing, Little Bo Peep, Baa, Baa, Black Sheep, nɛ Mary Had a Little Lamb; gbana wan wʋʋ George Orwell gbaŋ kanɛ buon Animal Farm nɛ Haruki Murakami gbaŋ kanɛ an A Wild Sheep Chase; yʋʋma banɛ ka ba si’eba an Bach's Sheep may safely graze (Schafe können sicher weiden) nɛ Pink Floyd yʋʋma ka o buol ye "Sheep", nɛ yʋm si’eba wan ni William Blake din linɛ ka o pʋd "The Lamb".

Winpʋ’ʋsʋm

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Saŋkanɛ gaad sa la, ba da mɔr pɛ’og zanbina winpʋ’ʋsʋm zin’isi bɛ ancient Near East, Mideast, nɛ Mediterranean zin’is: Çatalhöyük, Egyptian winpʋ’ʋs kʋdʋg, Cana'anite nɛ Phoenician malima ni, Judaism, Greek winpʋ’ʋsʋm, nɛ si’eba banɛ kpɛlim. Winpʋ’ʋsʋm zanbina nɛ malima da pin’il nɛ yiiga yadda niŋidib la sa’an: pɛ’ɛs zu’wana (nɛ niigi) ka ba da mɔri bɛ badanam ni bɛ Çatalhöyük zin’is ni 8,000 BCE.[78] Egyptian winpʋ’ʋsʋm ni, pɛ’og da anɛ zanbini tis wina bɛdigʋ: Khnum, Heryshaf nɛ Amun (on da anɛ winkanɛ tisid biis).[36] Bada banɛ mɛ da pa’an pɛ’og zanbina da anɛ winpʋ’ak Ishtar, Phoenician winkanɛ ka ba buon Baal-Hamon, Babylonian dim winkanɛ ka ba buon Ea-Oannes.[36] Madagascar tɛŋin, ba da pʋ ɔnbid pɛ’og ni’imɛ bɔzugɔ ba da si’ak ye pɛ’og anɛ ba yaanam la ti’aki lɛb na.[79]

Kʋdʋmin Greek dim pian’a pɛ’og yela bɛdigʋ: ka ba buon Chrysomallos, ka o kɔnbilig la an dɔnbʋʋlim wan wʋʋ sanlim nɛ, ka ba pa’an o yela kʋdʋmin sa ti paae zina nwa’. Banɛ gɔsid kudʋmin yela pa’al ye ba zanbina pʋʋgin, pɛ’og anɛ yiiga zanbin bɛ Greek zodiac zanbina nam ni, ka mɛ paas bʋnkɔnbid anii banɛ ka ba mɔri kaan yʋʋma paad yʋʋm piinɛyi bɛn la, ka li an bʋnlinɛ ka ba nɔki pʋd nwadis la yʋda yʋʋm pʋʋgin.[79] Chinese malima pʋʋgin ba yel ye Hou ji da ku nɛ pɛ’og. Mongolia, shagai anɛ dikʋda banɛ ka ba da maan ka li yinɛ pɛ’og kɔnbir ni na ka ba nan mɔri li maan bʋgʋlʋmbʋgʋlʋm.

Pɛ’og da paas Abraham nam saŋa ka li pa’an ban da mɔr yadda si’em; Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, Moses, nɛ King David nam da anɛ kɔnbkimnib. Wina’am gbaŋ la pa’al ban da lɔ Isaac la, ba da kʋ nɛ pɛ’og ka o di’e Isaac maliak la da gban’e Abraham nu’ug la (mɔɔm pʋ’ʋsim pʋʋgin, Abraham da ti’eb nɛ ye o ku Ishmael li maal maan). Salla anɛ maliŋ kanɛ ka mɔɔm maan, sankan ka ba mɔr pɛ’ɛs (bɛɛ bʋnkɔnb si’eba) kuud ka li pa’an ye ba ti’en nɛ bʋnlinɛ da maal la.[80][81] Ba kuud pɛ’ɛs mɔɔg maliŋ si’eba nam pʋʋgin.[82] Greeks and Romans dim da mɔr pɛ’ɛsi maan maana ka li an ba malima, ka banɛ ka win kanɛ ka ba pʋ’ʋsid an Judaism mɛ kuud pɛ’ɛs ka ba buoni li Korban, malima la si’eba anɛ Wina’am kum maliak gaadʋg maliŋ ka ba kuud pɛ’ɛs.[79]

Ba la’asi buon banɛ an Kristo biis ye pɛ’ɛs ka Kristo mɛŋ an kɔnbkim sʋŋ, ka pɛ’ɛs mɛ paas Yesu dʋ’am saŋa sa. Kristo biis banɛ an kasi la ba buoni banɛ banɛ mɛ an kɔnbkimnib, ka lɛn buoni ba kɔnbid la mɛŋ. Wina’am gbaŋ mɛ pa’al ye Kristo anɛ maan pɛ’og kanɛ yi Wina’am sa’an na ka Easter di’ema nam ka ba maani bɛ Greece nɛ Romania tɛɛnsin la ba kuud Paschal pɛ’ɛs anina. Ba buon karindɔɔg kpɛɛm nɛ ye pastor, ka lin yinɛ latin buudi pian’ad ni linɛ gbin ni an kɔnbkim. Winpʋ’ʋs dɔsi’eba ni ba tuongatib ka ba buon bishops la zal nɛ daag si’a, ka li pa’ali ba kpɛŋ la paŋ ka ba maali li ka li wan wʋʋ kɔnbkim duor.

Gɔsim Ya'as

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Tɛmpilet:Clear


Gbanvɛɛnsa

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]
  1. ↑ Hiendleder S, Kaupe B, Wassmuth R, Janke A (2002). "Molecular analysis of wild and domestic sheep questions current nomenclature and provides evidence for domestication from two different subspecies". Proc. Biol. Sci. 269 (1494): 893–904. doi:10.1098/rspb.2002.1975. PMC 1690972. PMID 12028771.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Ensminger, p. 5
  3. ↑ Ensminger, p. 4
  4. ↑ Weaver, pp. 11–14
  5. ↑ Simmons & Ekarius, p. 2
  6. ↑ Krebs, Robert E.; Carolyn A. (2003). Groundbreaking Scientific Experiments, Inventions & Discoveries of the Ancient World. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-313-31342-4.
  7. ↑ Franke, Ute (January 2016). "Prehistoric Balochistan: Cultural Developments in an Arid Region". In Markus Reindel; Karin Bartl; Friedrich Lüth; Norbert Benecke (eds.). Palaeoenvironment and the Development of Early Settlements. VML, Verlag Marie Leidorf. ISBN 978-3-86757-395-5. Archived from the original on 15 March 2022. Retrieved 31 July 2020.
  8. ↑ Meadow, Richard H. (1991). Harappa Excavations 1986–1990 A Multidisciplinary Approach to Third Millennium Urbanism. Madison Wisconsin: PREHISTORY PRESS. pp. 94 Moving east to the Greater Indus Valley, decreases in the size of cattle, goat, and sheep also appear to have taken place starting in the 6th or even 7th Millennium BC (Meadow 1984b, 1992). Details of that phenomenon, which I have argued elsewhere was a local process at least for sheep and cattle (Meadow 1984b, 1992).
  9. ↑ Chessa, B.; Pereira, F.; Arnaud, F.; et al. (2009). "Revealing the History of Sheep Domestication Using Retrovirus Integrations". Science. 324 (5926): 532–536. Bibcode:2009Sci...324..532C. doi:10.1126/science.1170587. PMC 3145132. PMID 19390051.
  10. ↑ Weaver, p. 11
  11. ↑ Smith et al., p. 8
  12. ↑ https://www.britannica.com/animal/domesticated-sheep
  13. ↑ https://www.sacrewell.org.uk/news/why-do-some-sheep-have-horns-and-others-dont/
  14. ↑ Simmons & Ekarius
  15. ↑ Wooster, p. 187.
  16. ↑ Smith et al., p. 95.
  17. ↑ "CFR – Code of Federal Regulations Title 21". Accessdata.fda.gov. 7 November 1996. Archived from the original on 15 April 2014. Retrieved 14 April 2014.
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 Weaver
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 Simmons & Ekarius
  20. ↑ Paolo Bellavite; Riccardo Ortolani & Anita Conforti (June 2006). "Immunology and Homeopathy. Experimental Studies on Animal Models". Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 3 (2): 171–86. doi:10.1093/ecam/nel016. PMC 1475939. PMID 16786046.
  21. ↑ Wooster
  22. ↑ Simmons & Ekarius
  23. ↑ Grandin, T. (ed.). 2007. Livestock handling and transport. 3rd Ed. CABI, Wallingford, UK. 386 pp.
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 Gregory, N. G. 1998. Animal welfare and meat science. CABI, Wallingford, UK. 298 pp.
  25. ↑ Houpt, K. A. 2004. Behavioral physiology. In: Reece, W. O. (ed.). Dukes' physiology of domestic animals. 12th Ed. Cornell Univ. Press, Ithaca, New York. pp. 952–961.
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 Moberg, G. P. and J. A. Mench. 2000. The biology of animal stress: basic principles and implications for welfare. CABI, Wallingford, UK. pp. 1–21.
  27. ↑ Brogden, K. A., H. D. Lehmjuhl, R. C. Cutlip. 1998. Pasteurella haemolytica complicated respiratory infections in sheep and goats. Vet. Res. 29: 233–254.
  28. ↑ Kimberling, C. V. 1988. Jensen and Swift's diseases of sheep. 3rd Ed. Lea & Fibiger, Philadelphia. 394 pp.
  29. ↑ Simmons & Ekarius, p. 161.
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 Simmons & Ekarius
  31. ↑ Brown, Dave; Sam Meadowcroft (1996). The Modern Shepherd. Ipswich, United Kingdom: Farming Press. ISBN 978-0-85236-188-7.
  32. ↑ "Standard Operating Procedures – sheep Mulesing". New South Wales Department of Primary Industries. Archived from the original on 6 September 2007. Retrieved 1 March 2008.
  33. ↑ Primary Industries Ministerial Council (2006). The Sheep (PDF). Primary Industries Report Series (2nd ed.). CSIRO Publishing. pp. 17–23. ISBN 978-0-643-09357-7. Archived from the original on 29 August 2016. Retrieved 1 March 2008.{{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  34. ↑ 34.0 34.1 Brown, Dave; Sam Meadowcroft (1996). The Modern Shepherd. Ipswich, United Kingdom: Farming Press. ISBN 978-0-85236-188-7.
  35. ↑ Cuming, Marius (24 January 2008). "Live sheep ship-shape". North Queensland Register. Archived from the original on 16 March 2008. Retrieved 24 January 2008.
  36. ↑ 36.00 36.01 36.02 36.03 36.04 36.05 36.06 36.07 36.08 36.09 36.10 Weaver
  37. ↑ Severson, Kim (14 September 2005). "Iceland Woos America With Lamb and Skyr". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 16 April 2009. Retrieved 27 January 2008.
  38. ↑ Simmons & Ekarius, pp. 325–329
  39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 Ensminger
  40. ↑ "Sheep Poo paper". Creative Paper Wales. Archived from the original on 12 October 2007. Retrieved 1 December 2007.
  41. ↑ Simmons & Ekarius, p. 322
  42. ↑ Simmons & Ekarius, p. 333
  43. ↑ Simmons & Ekarius, pp. 332–334
  44. ↑ Smith et al., p. 31.
  45. ↑ 45.0 45.1 45.2 Simmons & Ekarius
  46. ↑ Small, Joanna (18 January 2008). "Sheep Compete With Beef". KSBR News. ABC. Archived from the original on 16 March 2008. Retrieved 27 January 2008.
  47. ↑ Simmons & Ekarius, p. 1.
  48. ↑ 48.0 48.1 Wilde, Matthew (20 January 2008). "Profit opportunities raising sheep". Waterloo-Cedar Falls Courier. Retrieved 27 January 2008.
  49. ↑ Simmons & Ekarius, p. 3.
  50. ↑ College of Agriculture and Home Economics. "Sheep Production and Management" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 September 2020. Retrieved 25 October 2019.
  51. ↑ "FAOSTAT". www.fao.org. Archived from the original on 29 May 2020. Retrieved 25 October 2019.
  52. ↑ Oxford English Dictionary, 1933: Mutton, Sheep, Beef.
  53. ↑ "Mutton". Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary. Archived from the original on 22 April 2009. Retrieved 23 January 2008.
  54. ↑ "What Is Mutton? Understanding The History". Mutton Renaissance Campaign. Archived from the original on 23 July 2017. Retrieved 23 January 2008.
  55. ↑ 55.0 55.1 55.2 55.3 Apple, R.W. Jr. (29 March 2006). "Much Ado About Mutton, but Not in These Parts". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 16 April 2009. Retrieved 23 January 2008.
  56. ↑ Smith et al., p. 147.
  57. ↑ "Sheep Trade in Syria" (PDF). napcsyr.org. National Agricultural Policy Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform, Syrian Arab Republic. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 October 2016. Retrieved 16 August 2016.
  58. ↑ 58.0 58.1 Pulina et al. p. 2.
  59. ↑ Kurmann, Joseph A.; Jeremija L. Rašić; Manfred Kroger (1992). Encyclopedia of Fermented Fresh Milk Products: An International Inventory. New York, NY: Springer. ISBN 978-0-442-00869-7. p. 343.
  60. ↑ "Docking, castrating, and disbudding". sheepandgoat.com. Archived from the original on 15 December 2018. Retrieved 30 August 2014.
  61. ↑ American Institute Of Agriculture, Chicago (1922). Marketing Live Stock. Archived from the original on 15 March 2022. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
  62. ↑ "Fifth Report on the Statistics on the Number of Animals used for Experimental and other Scientific Purposes in the Member States of the European Union" (PDF). Commission of the European Communities. November 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 February 2008. Retrieved 10 February 2008.
  63. ↑ Lehrman, Sally (July 2008). "No More Cloning Around". Scientific American. Archived from the original on 19 November 2008. Retrieved 21 September 2008.
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