Iankim keŋ kʋ'ʋlʋmin la

Amus

Dɛmisim tɔ'ɔŋir suoya la
Di yinɛ Wikipiidia
amus
organisms known by a particular common name
Subclass ofdomesticated mammal, pet, Felidae Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Has usepet, mouser Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Start time8. millennium BCE Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Has effectallergy to cats Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Studied infelinology Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Produced soundmeow, purr Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Male form of labeltomcat, Kater, maček Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Unicode character🐈, 🐱 Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Category for the view of the itemCategory:Views of cats Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Taxon known by this common nameFelis catus, Felis silvestris catus Dɛmisim gbɛlima

Amus anɛ yin bʋnkɔnb kanɛ ɔnbid ni’im[1], dinɛ ka sieba buon ye adɔɔbiig bɛɛ apu'asabil. O buudi sieba bɛ mɔɔgin ka ba buon o ye amusgɛɛŋ bɛɛ piif[2]. Ba gʋ’ʋni amusnɛ ye o bɛ ninsaal ka mɔr zu’od nɛ saal ka na’asaalin buon ye ’pet’ la. Kpaad mɛn tɔn’ɔn gʋ’ʋli ba ni’im bɛɛ ligidi yɛla. Dinɛ yɛla ka ninsaal nɔŋa amus anɛ ye o tɔn’ɔn gba’ad bɛɛ kʋʋd kuus nɛ abaŋjanam ba la ya'namin la[3].

Amus mɔri ningbiŋ kpi’euŋ kanɛ an wisiŋa, ka yet hali, ka mɔr nyinkpi’enditta nɛ ya’aga/yiebaans banɛ tɔn’ɔn gba’ad bɛɛ kʋʋd kuus nɛ dayuus. O na tɔn'ɔn nye bɛɛ nyuus yʋʋg lalli. Amus pian’adi nɛ nisaal nɛ panrisʋg, duulʋmʋg bɛɛ kaasʋg.

Amus la, lɛn buon ye dɔɔgbiig la, anɛ bʋnkɔnbʋg pɔɔdiŋ buudi onɛ diibi an ni'im, ka ba lieb yin bʋnkɔnbʋg. Li anɛ bʋnkɔnbʋg kanɛ ma'aa an Felidae buudi. Archaelogy nɛ genetics mɔɔri ba vɛɛnsig ni pa'al ye, amus la lieb yin bʋnkɔnbig la nɛ Near East, 7500 BC yʋʋma la saŋa. Ba da gʋ'ʋn nɛ linɛ yaan, nɛ pɔɔgin, amaa ka ba lɛɛ da gɔɔnd wʋʋ feral cat, ka da pʋ la'asid nɛ saaliba. Ka saalib bɔɔd li hali, li zuod yɛla nɛ lin tun'oe kʋʋd bʋnkɔnbid banɛ mɔr vermin la, amus la nɔbɛɛns kanɛ k'o tun'oedi tiend ka lɛbisidi ba pɔt la tun'oe nɛ kʋʋd bʋnkɔnb baanlʋg, wʋʋ kuus, nɛ dayuus. O niŋgbiʋŋ la mɔri paŋ ka bʋgʋs, ka tun'oe tɔ'ɔtɔ tʋʋma, ka mɔri nyina banɛ sas sʋ'ʋŋa, ka on nyɛt yʋ'ʋŋ la, nɛ on wʋm nyuug la mɔri paŋ. O anɛ bʋnkɔnbʋg kanɛ buudi la'asid nɛ nidib, ka lɛɛ anɛ onɛ tɔn'ɔsidi o gullim, nɛ on tun'oe gban'adi o ni'im la'am nɛ sisɔbir, wining ya' kpɛn'ɛd la. Amus pian'ad dɔlsidi ba vuudin wʋʋ miow kɔnrib, ɛnrisig, uunsʋg nɛ kun'usʋg, ka pian'ad nɛ o niŋgbina. O tun'oe wʋm vuud kanɛ pɔɔd galis bɛɛ zu'oe bɛdigʋ galis ka ninsaal tʋbirkʋ wʋmm, wʋʋ vu banɛ bʋnkɔnb baanlig maan. O gmibid ka bʋnkɔnb sieba miilim o.

Yin amus nya'asŋ tun'oe mɔri bibibis lin zaŋ spring ti paae autumn zin'i banɛ ka tʋʋlʋg la zɛmis nɛ equatorial regions yʋʋm la wʋsa pʋ ʋgin, ka du'ad nɛbiis wʋʋ ayi ti paae anu bɛn. Amus gʋ'ʋn nɛ ka mɔri ken pedigreed cats malima namin, ya'amlɛɛg tʋʋma kanɛ buon fancy cat. Amus nam Kali na zɛmi si'em anɛ du'asiŋ la nɛ lana la na yisi sa'am, amaa ba kali paas si'em ka ba widugi tiing si'em, ka ba pʋ nyɛt gɔsig la kɛ ka amu yɛɛd nam zu'oe bɛdigʋ hali dunia nwa wʋsa pʋʋgin ka lin ta'as ka bʋn-ianda, bʋnkɔnbid nɛ bʋnvuuda buudi. Am widigi bɛdigʋ.

Ti paae 2017 yʋʋm la ni, yin amus la da an bʋnkɔnbʋg zua kanɛ da paas ayi daan United States teŋgbaʋŋ sʋ'ʋlimim ka amus nam kal da an 95.6 million, ka yizut 42 million mɔri amus yinne. United Kingdom teŋgbaʋŋ sʋ'ʋlimin, kpɛm 26% mɔr amus, ka ba kal an wʋʋ amus zua10.9 million 2020 yʋʋm la ni. Ti paae 2021 yʋʋm la ni, amus banɛ ka nidib da sʋ'oe kal da an wʋʋ 220 million, ka bʋnyɛɛd an wʋʋ 480 dunia nwa pʋʋgin.

Pian'ad nam nɛ yʋda tisib yɛla

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Na'asaal piank amus la si'igir, Old English catt, ba da tɛn'ɛs ka li anɛ Late Latin piank cattus, kan ka ba da buoli li nɛ 6th century la pin'ilʋgin.[4] Latin kʋdʋg piank la tun'oe da yi nɛ Africa pian'adin ka lin an buudi si'a la lɛɛ pʋ pa'alɛ.[5] Nubian piank la kaddiska amus gɛɛŋ nɛ Bubian kadis anɛ zin'i banɛ ka li tun'oe naam ma.[6]

Ba tun'oe mɛ yi nɛ Germanic kʋdʋg piankin kanɛ ka ba da kpɛn'ɛsi li Latin ni, ka da ti kpɛn Greek, Syriac, nɛ Arabic.[7] Piank la tun'oe da Germanic nɛ Northern European pian'ad namin, ka zan' ni, li pɛ'ɛŋ nɛ Uralic, c.f. Northern Sami gadfi, 'stoat nya'aŋ' nɛ Hungarian holgy, 'pu'asadir, stoat nya'aŋ', kanɛ yi Proto-Uralic. ...... nya'aŋ (bʋnkɔnbʋg ka mɔr kɔnbid).[8]

Na'asaal puss, kanɛ tʋgʋsi yʋʋn an pussy nɛ pussycat la anɛ sida, li naam nɛ 16th century la ni, ka ba tun'oe yi nɛ li nɛ Dutch poes bɛɛ Low German puuskatte kanɛ an Swedish kattepus, bɛɛ Norwegian pus, pusekatt. Buudi bama taaba bɛ Lithuanian. .... nɛ Irish puisin bɛɛ puiscin. Pian'a kaŋa naamʋg yɛla nie paalʋ, amaa li tun'oe naam yi nɛ vuud kanɛ ka ba maani buon amus.[9][10]

Amus daʋg buonɛ tom bɛɛ tomca[11]t (bɛɛ a gib, ba ya' fuo o nɛ).[12] Bʋn nya'aŋ buonɛ pu'ana'ab[13][14] (bɛɛ molly,[15] ba ya' yisi o duasiŋ). Amus vil yʋ'ʋr anɛ kitten. Dʋnna Na'asaal piank la kitten da tiaki nɛ piank nwa, catling kanɛ ka ba pʋ lɛn mɔri buon na.[16] Amus nam bɛdigʋ yʋ'ʋr anɛ clower, glaring,[17] bɛɛ colony.[18]

Ba wɛligir nɛ yʋda tisib

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Scientific name Felis catus,ka Carl Linnaeus da yi nɛ li ba pod yin amus la, 1758 ka ni.[1][2] Johann Christian Polycarp Erxleben da bɔɔd ye ba tisi li Felis vagus domesticus 1777 yʋʋm la ni.[3] Ka Konstantin Sutabin, 1994 la da ye ba tisim li Felis daemon, amus sabil kanɛ da yi Transcaucasus, ka li nya'aŋ ka ba da baŋ ye o anɛ yin amus.[19][20]

2003 yʋʋm la ni, International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature da zi'el wada yɛt ye yin anus la anɛ buudi kanɛ bɛɛ li kɔn, ba anɛ Felis catus la.[21][22] Yʋʋm tusa ayi' nɛ ayɔpɔi (2007) la ni, dʋnbama nnwa ni, yin amus buudi bibis F. silventris catus ka ba yis buudi nam la wʋsa ni, dunia zin'ig wʋsa n Vɛɛnsig, ka li pa'al ye ba tun'oe yi nɛ Africa mɔɔgin amus la tuŋin (F. Lybica), ka li dɔlisi yi nɛ phylogenetic vɛɛnsigin.[23][24] 2017 yʋʋm la ni, banɛ da gɔsid IUCN amus nam nɛ wɛligir la da siak ya ye ICZN yɛlʋg kanɛ an ye, yin amus buudi la bɛ nɛ li kɔn nɛ li taaba Felis catus.[25]

Ba bɛllim nɛ ba ti'asig ni

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Yin amus la anɛ Felidae la buudi, dɔɔg buudi kanɛ da mɔr yaab yimmir wʋʋ yʋʋma millionnam 10 paae 15 saŋa kanɛ gaad la.[26] Felidae tiakir la da pin'il nɛ Asia, Miocene saŋa wʋʋ yʋʋma million 8.38 paae 14.45 saŋa kanɛ gaad la.[27] Mitochondrial DNA Felidae nam wʋsa vɛɛnsig da kʋʋs ye ba pin'ilʋg da naam nɛ yʋʋma million 6.46 paae 16.76 banɛ gaad la ni sa.[28] Genus la, Felis genetically, da da baki yi Felidae la ni nɛ wʋʋ yʋʋma million 6.7 banɛ gaad la.[27] Phylogenetic vɛɛnsig pa'al ya ye mɔɔgin genus buudi la dɔlisi sympatric bɛɛ parapatric speciation n tiak.[29] Ka yin amus nɛ mɔɔgin amus kanɛ aan o taaba anɛ diploid ka ba wʋsa mɔri chromosomes nam 38[30] nɛ genes nam 20,000.[31]

Ba buudi-buudi wɛligir

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Yʋʋm 1758 ni la ka daʋ kanɛ ka o yʋ'ʋr buon Carl Linnaeus la da pʋd yin dɔɔbiig ye felis catus. Daʋ kanɛ ka o yʋ'ʋr buon Johann Christian da pʋd amus ye felis catus polycarp erxleben domesticus yʋʋm 1777 la ni. Ka daʋ kanɛ mɛ ka o yʋ'ʋr buon Konstantin satunin la da pʋd amus sabilig kanɛ yi Transcaucasus la ye felis daemon yʋʋm 1904 la ni, ka nya'aŋ ka o lieb yin dɔɔbiig.

Yʋʋm 2013 la ni ka lʋgʋr kanɛ gɔsid bʋnkɔnbid yɛla ka ti buonnɛ ba ye international commission on zoological Nomenclature la da yina pa'al nyain ye yin dɔɔbiig kanɛ ka ba buon ye felis catus la anɛ o kɔn' nɛ ba buudi banɛ bɛ. Yʋʋm 2017 ni la, nannana yin dɔɔbiig buudi kanɛ ka o yʋ'ʋr buon F. silvestric catus ka ba gʋ'ʋn o dunia ni bɛdegʋ la, ba da yɛl o yinɛ America sian'arin mus buudi ni na (F lybica), ka li dɔli bʋnkɔnbid vɛɛnsʋg ni na. Yʋʋm 2017 ni la, ba da wɛlig IUCN dɔɔbiig la o kɔn' ka li dɔli ICZN yɛl si'em la kat wa'ae nɛ yin dɔɔbiig la aan o kɔn' ka ba buon ye Felis catus la.

Ban lieb yin bʋnkɔnbug la yɛla

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Li da yuug ya hali ka ba baŋ ye Egypt teŋin [32]ka ba da pin'ili nɔk amus ka o lieb yin bʋn yiiga, ani ka ba na'asid dɔɔbiis hali yit 3100 BC saŋa sa.[33][34] La'am nɛ ala, suobanɛ ka ba da mi'i pin'ilʋgʋn sa ban na niŋ si'em ka bɛlis Africa mɔɔgin amus kpɛn'ɛs yin la, ba da pa'ali li li'el nɛ nidibi bɛ zin'isi'a ka li zu'oe bɛdiri ka an sassi bɛ shillourokambos nɛ Cyprus ya-tuona, ka li yuug wʋʋ 7500ti paae 7200 BC saŋa sa. Kasɛtta n da kae pa'an ye teŋin nid sɔ' pʋ gʋ'ʋn bʋnkɔnbid kɔn'ɔb-kɔn'ɔb bɛ Cyprus sʋ'ʋlʋm la, kɛnɛ ka banɛ sʋ'oe Neolithic teŋkpɛŋ kaŋa la mɔr dɔɔbiig nɛ sian'arin bʋnkɔnbid sieba yi middle east ken island na.[35] Dinzug ka banɛ vɛɛnsid yina yɛl ye yin kuusi zi Africa sian'arin dɔɔbiis ken ninsaal sʋ'ʋlʋmin na, ka kpaadib banɛ da dɛŋim gʋ'ʋn kɔnbid la bɛlis o. Kpinnim kanɛ bɛ kpaadib la nɛ dɔɔbiis banɛ ka ba bɛlisi ba la da bɛnɛ yuug paae yʋma tusir. Ka kuob nɛ gʋ'ʋl kpɛn yadigid bɛɛ nɔbigid la, ala mɛn ka ba mɛ bɛlisid bɛɛ yɔɔmid dɔɔbiis n kpɛn'ɛsidi ba yin.[32][36] Nya'aŋ ka Egypt sian'arin mus kanɛ ka ba buon ye amusgaʋng la da sʋŋ kɛ ka amus lieb yin bʋn.

Ba da tɛn'ɛs saŋa bɛdigʋ kanɛ da gaad la a zaŋ amus milis o kɛ k'o lieb yin amus la da pin'il nɛ Egypt kʋdig ni, zin'ikanɛ ka amus nam da paamid na'asi nɛ yʋʋma 3100 BC ni la saŋa. Amaa bʋn linɛ da pa'al yiiga ye Africa mɔɔgin amus da lieb yin bʋn da anɛ ban lɛɛg teŋ la ka nyɛ ka li ka li da pin' teŋin la kpi'el nɛ neolithic nid yaʋg Shillourokambos Cyprus ya-dagɔbʋg baba, wʋʋ 7500-7200 BC yʋʋma banɛ gaad la sa. Kassɛtta kanɛ pa'an ye native mammalian fauna Cyprys teŋini kae laa, nidib banɛ da bɛ Neolithic teŋ bilin la da zi mɔɔgin amus la nɛ mɔɔgin bʋnkɔnbid sieba Middle East teŋin nɛ kpɛn'ɛsi ba teŋin la, an teŋ kanɛ ka ku'om giŋi gilig la. Alazugɔ, mittib da zaŋi li ye Africa mɔɔgin amus nam la da dɔlisi nɛ dayuusi keŋi paae kʋdʋmin nidib yaani ti kpɛlim Fertile Crescent, kas kas yin kuug la. (Mus musculus) ka Neolithic kpaadib da milisi ba, ka ba lieb yin bʋnam. Malisim da bɛ yiiga kpaadib la nɛ amus banɛ da lieb yin bʋnam la ti paae yʋʋma tus-mɔbis babiga. Kuob tʋʋma da widig si'em la, ala mɛn ka amus nami da miilim ka lieb yin bʋnam la da widig. Egypt mɔɔgin amus da paasi kɛ ka bʋn nya'as la gene poll naam saŋkan nya'aŋ.[37]

Leopard amus la (Prionailurus benglalensis) mɛŋi da lieb yin bʋn China teŋin 5500 BC yʋʋma la ni. Amus nami na lieb yin bʋnam ka lɛn bɛ mɔɔgin pʋ bɛ amus nam Malkin zinaa.

Linɛ da pa'an yin dɔɔbiigi bɛ Greece teŋin pin'ilʋgʋn sa la anɛ ala ti paae 1200 AB saŋa.[38] Greek, Phoenician, Carthaginian nɛ Etruscan dimi da zaŋ yin mus pa'al Europe ya-tuona dim.[39] Yʋma tusa anu BC saŋa la, dɔɔbiis da anɛ bʋnkɔnbid banɛ bɛ tɛɛns banɛ bɛ magna graecia nɛ Etruria sʋ'ʋlʋm la. Saŋkanɛ ka Rome dim da mɔr kpi'euŋ ka sʋ'ʋg tɛɛns banɛ ka gilig la, ba da zaŋ dɔɔbiis pa'al Corsica nɛ Sardinia dim ka 1st century AD nyaan sin'iŋ.[40] Ka Rome ya-dagɔbʋg dim zaba da naae yʋma tusa anu saŋa si'a la, ka Egypt dim yin dɔɔbiig buudi la pʋn yadigi paae tembanɛ bɛ Baltic mu'ar gbɛʋk linɛ bɛ German ya-nya'aŋ baba la.[37]

Amus niŋgbiŋ bɛllim

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Bɛdim

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Yin mus la zug anɛ bi'ela ka o kɔnba an gingima ka li pʋ paae Europe dɔɔbiig laa.[41] Li wa'alim nɛ niŋgbiŋ la anɛ wʋʋ 46cm nɛ, ka na nyaŋi dɔnlʋg agɔl wʋʋ 23-25 cm, ka zʋʋr la mɛ wa'am wʋʋ 30 cm nɛ. Bʋn daad la an bɛdiri gaŋ bʋnnya'as la.[42] Yin dɔɔbiis banɛ yuug ka an bʋnkʋda la mɔr tɛbisim wʋʋ 4-5 kg nɛ.[29]

Kɔnba

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Dɔɔbiis mɔr kɔnba ayɔpɔi banɛ tɔ'ɔŋ nɛ zugkunwaaŋ la (nwɛnnɛ bʋnkɔnb sieba ni ka an si'em la) nɛ nya'aŋkudug Kɔnba pii nɛ atan' (ninsaal mɔri pii nɛ ayi'), nɛ sia ni kɔnba ayɔpɔi (ka ninsaal ni an anu); nɛ kpiilʋg ni kɔnba (bʋnkɔnb sieba mɔr ala amaa ninsaal mɔri anu) nɛ kɔnba banɛ ti'e bɛɛ bɛ zʋʋr la tɔ'ɔŋ zin'isi'a ni la (ka ninsaal mɔr atan' ti paae anu ma'a banɛ an zʋʋr la kɔnba.[43] nya'aŋkudug kɔnbir nɛ kɔnbbanɛ tɔ'ɔŋ wʋsa la kɛ ka zʋʋr la nyaŋid yuulim kpikpɛŋ-kpikpɛŋ. Linɛ tɔ'ɔŋ nɛ kɔnbdaa la anɛ sapirig Kɔnba 12, biankimpiig kɔnba nɛ kpiila.[43] Ka ninsaali pʋ nwɛnnɛ amus, amus tuon nɔba la tɔ'ɔŋ nɛ biankimpiig kɔnbir la.[44]

Zu-nwaŋ

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Amus la paasɛ bʋnkɔnbid banɛ mɔr nini kʋgʋris yalima la ni, ka mɔr yiebaŋ kanɛ an sʋm hali ka bɛɛ li kɔn. Yiebaŋ la nii, amus nam mɔrɛ nyina sieba buudi ka ba gban'adi kʋʋd ba aansid ni'im.[45] O ya' nyaŋi gban'ae ni'im, amus zaŋid nɛ o tuon nyina ayi banɛ wa'am la, dumi ba niŋgɔɔnr, kɛ ka ba kʋnsi kpɛn li nya'aŋ kɔnbir la ni, ka li kɛ ka ba bʋn zɛndigi ti kpi.[46] Ya' zaŋi mak nɛ amus sieba buudi ni, yin amus la tuon nyina la ziasima la pʋ zu'oe, ka zɛmisi nɛ yiebaŋ la, ka an linɛ tun'oe gban'ad dayu baanlig banɛ nya'aŋ kɔnbiri an bʋnbibis.[46]

Amus nyindaad la nɛ yiiga nyinyɔk la la'asi naam agɔl nɛ teŋir camassial nyina ka ba bɛ nɔɔr la pʋʋg kpikpɛmis la, ka an nyibanɛ ka o mɔri ɔnbid ni'im ka li dit nwɛnnɛ ma'adiŋ nɛ. Bamaa an nimmua kat wa'ae nɛ diibin yɛla, dinzugɔ ka dɔɔbiis nyinyu'a kʋ nyaŋi ɔnb diib sʋ'ʋŋa la, ka dɔɔbiis kʋ nyaŋi ɔnb ni'im bɛɛ diib ka li bʋlisɛ.[45] Dɔɔbiis mɔr nyina ka li an sʋ'ʋŋa gat ninsaalib, ka nyin pʋ pɔn'ɔd bɛɛ san'am tɔ'ɔtɔ bɔzugɔ ba sianki taaba ka li gban'e kiŋ-kiŋ. Ka nintɔɔnr pʋ zu'oe, ka dibʋʋlʋm bɛɛ ni'im pʋ kpɛlim sian'a nyina nii, ka mɛ dit sigir diib zu'oda.[47]

Nɔb-ɛɛns

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Dɔɔbiis mɔr nɔb-ɛɛns banɛ kpi'em ka na nyaŋi nyud pʋʋgin.[48] Amus la ya'a ti digbaanlim, nɔb-ɛɛns la lɛb nɛ sian'al bɛɛ nyud kpɛn' nɔba la pʋʋgin. Nɛ'ɛŋa gur nɔb-ɛɛns la ka li tuud teŋ bɛɛ si'el pʋ paadi li san'amma, kɛt ka nɔb-ɛɛns la an sappi ka dit sʋ'ʋŋa, ka o nyaŋid pigisid gban'ad bʋnvʋlnam ɔnbid. Nɔb-ɛɛns banɛ bɛ nɔba la tuon la dit gat banɛ bɛ nya'aŋ la. Dɔɔbiis tʋn'e kɛ ka ba nɔb-ɛɛns wa'am bɛ ba nɔba la ni.[49] Ba tʋn'e kɛ ka ba nɔb-ɛɛns la wa'am ka li anɛ ba ya'a tɔn'ɔsid bɛɛ ba ya'a guri ba mɛŋ nɛ na ya'a dʋt tiis nɛ ba ya'a igin baanlim bɛɛ ba ya'a zuon linɛ an num-num zug. Amus ya'a ɛnisidi o mɛŋ o nyurid o nɔb-ɛɛns banɛ bɛ yiiŋ la nɛ.[50]

Dɔɔbiis bɛdegʋ mɔr nɔb-ɛɛns anu bɛɛ ba tuon nɔba la ni nɛ nɔb-ɛɛns anaasi bɛ nya'aŋ nɔba la ni. Kpikpɛŋ nɔb-ɛɛns la anɛ ba kɔn' nɛ banɛ bɛ la. Kpikpɛŋ nɔb-ɛɛns la anɛ nu'ubibis ayuobʋ banɛ aan ba kɔn' nyari. Bama nwa' n bɛ tuon nɔba ni ka nyurid pʋʋgin la o ya'a ken ba pʋ mɔr tʋʋmbɛ, amaa ba anɛ linɛ ka o mɔri ian'ad ka dʋt tiis. Amus buudi sieba bɛ ka mɔr nɔb-ɛɛns ka li gaad ala.[51] Amus buudi banɛ aan ala la kpi'e nɛ Ya-nya'aŋ America linɛ li'el America ya-dagɔbʋg baba ka bɛ Britain la.[52]

o ken yɛla

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Amus la anɛ bʋnkɔnb kanɛ ken o nɔba zug bɛ teŋin. O kennɛ o nɔba zug, ka kɔnba banɛ bɛɛ o nɔba ni la la'asi lieb o nɔba la.[53] Amus kennɛ ka o kpikpɛmis nɔba ayi'-yi la zian'asid dɔl taaba. Amus suon bɛɛ labin o nya'aŋ nɔba nɛ tuon nɔba la bɛ bɛndir suorin la, ka din ka o nyaŋid gban'ad si'el vikki, ka tʋbkpiidʋg nɛ bɛndir suoya sie. Nɛ'ɛŋa sʋŋid nya'aŋ nɔba la ka ba ken tenpar la zug ka si'el pʋ daamida. O ya'a ti bas ken la ka zɔti yu'osid la, noba la pʋ lɛn dɔl azimzim ya'asɛ: nya'aŋ dagɔbʋg nɛ nya'aŋ datiʋŋ nɔba la zian'asid dɔl taaba ka tuon dagɔbʋg nɛ tuon datiʋŋ nɔba la mɛ zian'asid dɔl taaba.[54]

On tun'oe o mɛŋ si'em

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Amus nam wʋsa nɔŋi ba zin'i lɔasieba banɛ bɛ agɔla ya'ae. Zin'i kanɛ dʋ ka bɛ agɔla anɛ linɛ na kɛ ka o nyaŋi tɔn'ɔs; yin amus ya'ae nɛ agɔla wʋʋ tiig wilin ka gban'adi o ni'im. Li mɛ lin pa'al ye zin'i banɛ bɛɛ agɔla kɛt ka amus nyɛt sʋ'ʋŋa, ka kɛt ka o tun'oe kim on bɛ zin' si'a la sʋŋa. Amus ya' naami agɔl 3 m (9.8 ft) lit na, o na nyaŋi li teŋin zi'e o nɔba zug.[55]

O ya' naam zin'i kanɛ bɛɛ agɔla lit teŋin, amus na zaŋi o ya'am galisʋg kanɛ k'o mɔri fɛntidi o mɛŋ la, nigi ti li zi'enɛ o nɔba zug. Fɛntidi o mɛŋ nwa buon nɛ cat righting reflex.[56] Amus fɛntidi maanɛ o mɛŋ sʋ'ʋŋa o liib saŋa ni, o ya'a mɔri saŋa bɛdigʋ na maala ala, li ya'a anɛ 90 cm (3.0 ft) nɛ nya'aŋ lallim liib bɛn.[57] Ba vɛɛnsi nyɛ ka amus nami niŋig si'em tun'oe fɛntidi ba niŋgbina ba liib saŋa ni la, ka li anɛ "falling cat problem".[58]

O kɔnbʋlʋg la si'im

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Amus buudi (Felidae) la tun'oe sikki ba nya'aŋ dim nɛ si'im, nɛ li gʋlʋb buudi bɛdigʋ. Yin amus genes MC1R nɛ ASIP la tisid si'im kɔn'ɔb kɔn'ɔb la. Feline ASIP gene la mɔrɛ coding exons nam atan'.[59] Novel microsatellite markers kanɛ tɔ'ɔŋ nɛ ASIP da bɛŋ nɛ luki yis yin amus ni, BAC clone kanɛ mɔr gene nwa la ye li tʋm linkage analysis tʋʋma nɛ yin amus nam 89 kanɛ ka ba wɛlig yis ye ba gɛdi ba. Yin amus buudi la nɛ ASIP allele la da tun'oe sikki gɛd nɛ si'im sabilig.[60]

O ya'am mɔrim

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

O nini nyɛt si'em

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Amus nam nyɛt nɛ yʋ'ʋŋ sʋ'ʋŋa hali, ka tun'oe nyɛt bugum pʋdigir ayuobʋ yinne pʋʋgin kanɛ an saalib nyɛɛb bɛn.[61] Nɛŋa nwa an linɛ bi'ela kɛ ka amus nini mɔr tapetum lucidum, linɛ tʋ'ʋsid bugum wʋsa linɛ kpɛn retina nii lɛbis nifin la, ka lin tisid nini la nyɛɛb la paŋ zibisigin. Ninbiel bɛda anɛ linɛ di'ed bugum. Yin amus la mɔrɛ ninbiel bibis linɛ kɛt ka o nyaŋi gɔsid bugum kanɛ nie nyain hali ka chromatic aberration kae.[62] Zibisig ya'a bɛ, amus ninbiel ye yɔ'ɔg nɛ yalig .[63] Yin amus la lɛɛ mɔrɛ color vision kanɛ ka'a sʋmm, ka mɔr cone cells buudi nam ayi ma'aa, banɛ nyɛt nɛ saa saŋgbaʋŋ si'im nɛ dɔnbʋʋlʋm kanɛ gɛnd nɛ dɛn'ɛm si'im; o pʋ tun'oe nyɛt bakid si'im zian nɛ dɛn'ɛm sʋ'ʋŋaa.[64] On tun'e tʋm middle wavelengths zin'isi'a li ya'a ka' rod cells la, tun'e anɛ cone kanɛ paas atan' si'a. Nɛ'ɛŋa nwɛn wʋʋ li nyaŋi nyɛt zibisigin ka lɛɛ pʋ pa'an trichromatic nini nyɛɛbi an si'em.[65] Amus nam mɛ mɔr nictitating membrane, ka li kɛt ka ba amisid ba nini la ka li pʋ lusidi ba gɔsigɔ.

O kɛlisʋg yɛla

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Yin amus la kɛlisʋg ni mɔrɛ paŋ kɛ ka o wʋm vuud 500 Hz paae 32 KHz.[66] O tun'oe baŋ vuud kanɛ kpi'em bɛdigʋ wʋʋ 55 Hz paae 79 KHz, amaa ka saalib na tun'oe baŋ nɛ vuud kanɛ bɛ 20 Hz nɛ 20 KHz teŋsʋk. O nyaŋidi wʋm 10.5 aclaves, ka saalib nɛ baas na nyaŋi wʋm nɛ wʋʋ 9 octaves.[67][68] Linɛ sʋŋidi kɛt ka o wʋm sʋ'ʋŋa hali la anɛ o tʋba la yalim k'o piŋidi ba tɔɔmid la, pinnae linɛ kɛt ka vuud dʋt agɔla ka baŋid vuud la yit zin'isi'a la. Li na nyaŋi baŋ ultrasound kanɛ kɛt ka li baŋid ultrasinic buolʋg nam banɛ ka dayuus naam.[69][70] Yuoluŋ vɛɛnsʋg pa'al ye, amus anɛ onɛ bɔɔd taaba bɛllimin, ka tun'oe tɛn'ɛsidi mi' o daan kʋkɔr, nɛ o pian'adi yit zin'isi'a paadi o san'an la.[71]

O nyuug wʋmʋg yɛla

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Amus nam tun'oe wʋm nyuug sʋ'ʋŋa, ka li anɛ ba olfactory bulb la mɔrɛ paŋ nɛ olfactory mucosa la nindaa la yalim la, li zɛm wʋʋ 5.8 cm2 (0.90 in2), li zɛm ninsaal din la nɔɔra ayi.[72] Amus nam nɛ bʋnkɔnbid buudi sieba bɛdigʋ mɔr Jacobson's organ ka li bɛɛba nɔɔr pʋʋgin, ka ba ittima ni, ba mɔri naam flehmening. Li kɛt ka ba wʋm nyuug sieba banɛ ka ninsaal pʋ tun'oe wʋm la. Amus nam anɛ banɛ nyaŋidi baŋid pheromones wʋʋ 3-mercapto-3-mythlbutan-1-ol,[73] kanɛ ka ba mɔri pian'adi dɔlisid dʋ'ʋnim ni, ka bɛŋid niŋgbiʋŋ la lua kanɛ wʋm nyuug la.[74] Amus nam bɛdigʋ sɔsid sʋ'ʋŋa nɛ tiis banɛ mɔr nepetalactone, kas kas catnip, ban tun'oe baŋid bʋn kan la pʋdigir yinne million pʋʋgin la.[75] Amus nam wʋʋ 70-80% baŋid ye nepetalactone bɛ.[76] Tiis sieba wʋʋ silver vine (Actinidia polygama) nɛ valerian tiim vaang la mɛ siakid sɔsig nwa. Li tun'oae anɛ tiis bama nyuugi kɛt ka amus nam la ittim aan wala bɛɛ bʋn nya'aŋ nɛ bʋn daʋg la'asʋg zin'igin mɔr paŋ.[77]

Nɔɔr malisim

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Dɔɔgbiis mɔr nɔɔr malisim saalim wʋʋ saalib nɛ (470 bɛɛ ka li gaad 9,000 n bɛ saalib zilimin).[78] Yin nɛ mɔɔgin dɔɔgbiis mɔr nɔɔr saalim linɛ baŋid malisim la yinnɛ, ka dinna kɛ ka ba nɔɔr malisim pʋ baŋid sigirɛ, ka pʋ mɔr saalim kanɛ kɛ ka ba lɛmmid malisim.[79] Ba mɔri nɔɔr saalim linɛ kɛt ka ba baŋid mi'isʋg nɛ tɔɔg ma'aa.[80]

Ba nɔɔr malisim saalim la mɔri ni'im biim baŋir ma'aa. Ka malisim saalim bama mɔri molecules banɛ ti'asid ka amus n mɔr ni'im biim malisim si'em la aan li kɔn' nɛ ninsaal. Ninsaalib mɔri amino acid glutamic acid nɛ aspartic acid malisim, amaa dɔɔgbiis mɔri bʋnkpiilʋŋ nyuug nɛ I-Histidine malisim.[81] Molecules bama tita'am bɛnɛ ku'omin zimi ni.[82] Nɛ'ɛŋa zug ka ba nwa'asim ye zimbama buudi malis hali tis Amus: ka vɛɛnsʋg dim zaŋ ku'omin ziŋsaalʋŋ la niŋ amus nɔɔrin ka li mɔr biim bɛɛ zan'asim bɛdegʋ kanɛ ka amus nɔŋ la.[83] Ka banɛ vɛɛns vɛɛnsʋg kaŋa la nid yinnɛ yɛl ye, "man tɛn'ɛs ka zan'asim malis tis Amus wʋʋ sigir malisim an si'em tis ninsaal la".[84]

Dɔɔgbiis mɛ mɔr saŋa kɔn'ɔb-kɔn'ɔb banɛ ni ka ba bɔɔd diib, Saŋkanɛ ka ba bɔɔd diib anɛ tʋʋlʋg ya'a ti an wʋʋ 38 °c (100 °F) linɛ an yinnɛ nɛ linɛ kpi paalim; dɔɔgbiis sieba zan'asid dima'asir (linɛ pa'an amus la ye, "bʋnkɔnb kanɛ kpi" la pʋn dɛŋim kpinɛ ka lieb bʋn bɛ'ɛd).[80]

Nɔŋgban-gbɛɛnd

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Linɛ sʋ'ʋŋid iebin nɛ nyuug wʋmʋg ni, amus nam mɔri nɔŋgban-gbɛɛnd bɛdigʋ banɛ ka ba tun'oe fɛntidi ba, ba niŋgbina ni, kas kas ba nindaasin. Bama pa'anɛ ba paalʋ kanɛ bɛ la'ad sin'asima ni yaliŋi zɛm si'em lik zin'isin, li ya' si'is nɛ la'ad bɛɛ pɛbisim la nyuug; ba mɛ kɛt ka ninlima la amisidi gʋ'ʋd ninbiela la dɛŋin.

Ba ittima

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Amus banɛ bɛ yiŋ la mɔr paŋ nɛ dabisir saŋa nɛ yʋ'ʋŋ wʋsa, amaa paŋ la zu'oe nɛ yʋ'ʋŋi.[85] Ba bɛllim ni bɛdigʋ anɛ zin'i banɛ kpi'e ba yaan, ka lɛɛ gɔɔndi giligid zin'i sieba banɛ lal bi'ela mɛ. Ba bɛŋidi maan zin'i sieba banɛ yalim bɛdigʋ 7-28 ha (17-69 acres).[86] Amus pʋ mɔri saŋa yimmiri tʋm ma, o tʋm saŋa wʋsa, ka lɛɛ anɛ banɛ gban'ad ni'im, ba anɛ banɛ tun'oe tʋm bɛkikɛʋg nɛ sisɔbir sʋ'ʋŋa. Anaasi, yin amus nam ittima tun'oe dɔlisidi nɛ nidibi tʋm si'em, ka ba tun'oe tu'as nɛ ba nɛ sʋ'oe ba la gbɛɛm saŋa dɔlisid si'em.[87][88]

Amus nam paamid paŋ nɛ ban gbisid bɛdigʋ la zug, gat bʋnkɔnb bɛdigʋ banɛ kpɛlim la, kas kas ba ya' lieb kpɛɛmnam. Dabisir yinne pʋʋgin wʋsa, ba gbɛɛm sansa la pʋ zɛmiya, ba gbisid wʋʋ awa nam 12 ti paad 16 saŋa bɛn, ka ba gbɛɛm yim kiapi anɛ awa nam 13 paae 14 saŋa bɛn. Amus sieba tun'oe gbisi paae awa nam 20 bɛn. Piank la "cat nap" kanɛ an vʋ'ʋsim fiinf la, anɛ amus ka gbɛɛm zɛɛgid o saŋa bi'ela pʋʋgin la. Gbɛɛm la pʋʋgin nɛɛ, amus nam baŋid bini la ken bi'el bi'el, ka li dɔlis nɛ giinla, ka li pa'al ye ba zaansim nɛ.[89]

Linɛ ka' yɛlsida anɛ ye, amus ittima nɛ on an si'em dɔlisid nɛ o niŋgbaʋŋ la an si'em. Amaa sikkir nɛ bɛllim zin'isi an si'em kɛt ka ittim bama naamid.[90]

La'asʋg zin'igin yɛla

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Yin amus la ittima o taaba sʋʋgin anɛ nɔɔrim babig, ba anɛ ba widigi gilig nɛ, wʋʋ mɔɔgin amus nam banɛ la'asi gilig diib zin'ig nɛ, ka li anɛ bʋn nya'as la'asig namin.[91][92] La'as bama pʋʋginɛ, amus yinne paŋ ye gaad banɛ kpɛlim la nɛ.[93] Amus yimmir wʋsa mɔri zin'ig ka li bɛɛ li gʋllim ba wʋsa bɛllim zin'igin la, ka bʋn daad mɔr paŋi dʋt bʋn nya'as sʋ'oe sʋ'ʋlim sieba la an banɛ yalim bɛdigʋ, ban yalʋŋ gaad amus nya'as la zin'is la nɛ wʋʋ nɔɔrim bʋ 10, ka tun'oe yaligi paae gaŋ bʋn nya'as la zin'is nam la. Ba dʋ'ʋnid nɛ misidi ba sʋ'ʋlim nam la bɛna, ka sɔɔndi ba mɛŋ nɛ la'ad bazug wa'alim bɛn, yisid bʋn bɛ'ɛd nam ba nindaasin nɛ bina nyɛ'ɛb. Sʋ'ʋlim zin'is bama sʋʋginɛɛ, zin'is bɛ ka amus nam la kenɛ gɔsid ka maan zuod ma sʋ'ʋlim nam yɛla zaba kae. Ya' yi zin'i bama ni kpɛn sɔ' dinnin, sʋ'ʋlim sɔb kat nɛ mus saamɛ yisid li ni, yiiga ni, o gbɛɛn o nɛ, hissid o, ka ɛnrisid, ka lin ya'a pʋ tʋmɛ, zaba nɛ vuud. Amaa amus nam pʋ la'asidi bɛ ya, bɛɛ la'asi gin na, ba gɔɔndi tɔn'ɔsid nɛ gʋngʋn.[94]

Ban bɛi nɛ nidib nɛ yin bʋnkɔnb sieba la kɛ ya ka amus nam miilim ka bɛi wʋʋ nidibi bɛi si'em la, ka amus na tun'oe pa'al nɔŋilim nɛ ninsaal bɛɛ bʋnkɔnb sieba, bɛllim zamisʋg yɛla ni, amus kanɛ guri nid anɛ wʋʋ ma nɛ. Amus kpɛɛmnam bɛi ba bɛllim nɛ wʋʋ bʋnbibis, ka li anɛ ba nan tɛn'ɛsi ba biilimin saŋa. Ba vuudi dʋt hali la tun'oe nwɛn nɛ ninsaal bilia onɛ kɔ'ɔmi zabid kunkuma, kɛt ka kas kas nid kʋ nyaŋi zan'asi ba kɛlisigɔ. Amus zuod sieba pʋ miilim nɛ ba taaba. Kas kas ba kpɛɛmnam la zabidi nɛ bʋnbi paala banɛ keŋi paasi ba, zab ban, anɛ ban na dummi ba, ka bɔɔnridi ba; ittʋŋ kaŋa nwa buon nɛ feline social aggression.

Redirected aggression anɛ zaba buudi kanɛ bɛ amus nam ya bɛdigʋ ni. Zab kaŋa nwa ni, li te anɛ si'eli dʋoe amus la sunf li tun'oe anɛ si'el k'o nyɛ, vuud k'o yʋm, bɛɛ si'eli bɛ zin'isi'a, kanɛ mɔr ya'amlɛʋg ka vɛ'ɛdi o pʋtɛn'ɛr keni li san'an. Amus la ya' k'o nyaŋi zab nɛ li bʋn nɛ, o tun'oe tɔlis ɛndig kan la zab nɛ amus, bɛɛ baa, bɛɛ nid, bɛɛ si'el kanɛ bɛ yammin nɛ o.

Yin amus nam 'scent rubbing' ittʋŋ nɛ nidib bɛɛ ba taaba, pʋtɛn'ɛr anɛ ye li dɔlisidi feline ittima ba taaba sʋʋgin.

Pian'ad

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Yin dɔɔgbiis dɔl suoya bɛdegʋ pian'ad, ba dɔlisid kʋkʋma, ʋʋlʋg, siisʋg, nyiib, nɛ kʋkʋma kɔn'ɔb-kɔn'ɔb ni pian'ad.[95] Ba mɔri ba niŋgbiŋ la mɛ pian'ad ka li anɛ ban yɔ'ɔgidi ba tʋba si'em nɛ ban mɛnnɛ ba zʋʋr si'em, ka zaŋidi ba mɛŋ digin teŋin baanlim, ka iginnɛ ba nɔba zug ka li pa'annɛ ba suunr bɔɔdim. Ba zʋʋr nɛ ba tʋba la anɛ yɛlkpan bʋn kanɛ ka ba mɔri pian'ad bɛdegʋ; o ya'a ziank o zʋʋr la, li bigis nɛ zuor bɛɛ sumalisim pʋ'ʋsʋg, ka o tʋba ya'a labil lappi, li pa'annɛ sunsan'aŋ; ka o zʋʋr ziankir la pa'an o zi'esim ba la'asʋg ni, ka sieba banɛ mɔr paŋ la ziankidi ba zʋya ka li paad banɛ bɛ laa.[96] Mɔɔgin mus nam pʋ pian'ada.[97] Ka dɔɔgbiis ya'a si'isid taaba nyɔya li pa'annɛ pʋ'ʋsʋg ka li anɛ ba ya'a la'asi duulum taaba, ka yinnɛ onɛ bɔɔd la gbɛɛn o zug.[98]

Amus kʋkʋma anɛ linɛ bɛɛ ba ni ka an zabin linɛ ka ba mɔri pian'adi ba mɛŋ banɛ an bʋnbibis nɛ ba ma tensʋkin, ka ba ya'a maali ala li pa'annɛ gurusim bɛɛ mɔrim.[99] Dɔɔgbiis banɛ an bʋnkʋda la mɔri kʋkʋma pa'annɛ ba sumalisim bɛɛ ba tigib: Saŋkanɛ ka ba bɛlisi ba, ka vʋ'ʋsid[100] [101]bɛɛ dit. Ba ya'a kʋm miɛw-miɛw li pa'annɛ ba sumalisim an si'em, ka li sɔb yɛla kɔn'ɔb-kɔn'ɔb ni niŋ gbana, ka li pa'an Amus banɛ la'asid nɛ sieba kas-kas anɛ banɛ ka ba tis sida.[102] Amus sieba kʋm ka li anɛ ba ya'a bɛn'ɛd bɛɛ tɔɔg si'a ya'a paae ba.[103]

Bʋn linɛ ka amus dɔlisid kʋm miɛw-miɛw la anɛ linɛ ka li baŋir tɔi hali ka li yuug, amaa ba gban'e ka yɛl ye kʋkʋma la yinɛ kʋkɔnya'ar la ya'a yɔ'ɔsid ka mubin taaba ka mugusug bɛ pɛbisim kanɛ yit na la ni, ka li ta'asid ka kʋkɔvɔɔd la wɛlig taaba. Kʋkɔr daʋg kanɛ sʋ'oe kʋkɔnya'a la anɛ linɛ ka neutral oscillator kanɛ kɛt ka tɔ'ɔŋir bɛ luos la ni wʋsa ka yiisid milliseconds nam 30 ti paad 40 (ka li an 33 ti paae 25 Hz).[104][105][106]

Yin dɔɔgbiis banɛ ka ba guri ba dɔtin la mɔr nindaa itima linɛ pa'annɛ ba pian'ad la kɔn'ɔb-kɔn'ɔb ka li bɛnɛ ba nindaas la an si'em la zug; ka ba yinne-yinne nindaas la an si'em la mɔri gbin kɔn'ɔb-kɔn'ɔb linɛ yi yin na.[107] Ba nindaasi pian'ad si'em la kɛnɛ ka vɛɛnsidib nyaŋi baŋ Amus tɔɔg saŋa. Amus laʋk kanɛ ka ba mɔri makidi ba tɔɔgʋ zɛm si'em ka li yʋ'ʋr buon grimace makir la, maki tʋbir zi'esim yɛla atan' linɛ an, tʋbir la an gin' kiŋ-kiŋ, ka nɔɔr gban'e kaŋ-kaŋ ka zug la zi'esim pa'an tɔɔg kanɛ bɛɛ amus ni.

Niŋgbiŋ lielʋg

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Amus nam nyɛt saŋa tisidi ba mɛŋ ka liennɛ ba niŋgbiŋ kɔnbʋlʋg ka li an nyain.[108] [109]Amus nam zilim la mɔr si'elnam ka an tiitii ka wa'am wʋʋ ka li yʋ'ʋr buon zilim gbaʋŋ ka li mɔr keratin kanɛ kɛt ba an sʋ'ʋŋa.[110] Zilim gbaʋŋ anɛ an wʋʋ zuosaansiŋ nɛ, ka amus nam sieba kas-kas anɛ amus banɛ mɔr kɔnbʋlʋg ka li wa'am la nyaŋidi vɔn bʋnvʋl ni'im ka li an wʋʋ 2-3 cm nɛ (79-1.18) ka li kɔnbʋlʋg zu'oe ka di'e ba lʋga ni. Li tʋn'e dɔl suoya ni bɛdegʋ ka Zuogbila gu'u ka li na dɔl nyʋʋr linɛ yi nɔɔr ni tɔ'ɔŋi paae gbinvɔɔnr la ni la na'ana ka zuobir la yit, ka daar wʋsa ka o lien o niŋkɔnbʋlʋg la.[111]

Zaba

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Yin dɔɔgbiis nam la ni, bʋndaadi an banɛ zabid gat bʋnnya'as la.[112] Amus banɛ bɛ mɔɔgin la ni, linɛ yɛla kimm ka bʋndaad zabid taaba anɛ ban na dʋ bʋnnya'aŋ la yɛla. Ka zab bama buudi ya'a ti bɛ, bʋndaʋg kanɛ mɔr paŋ gat la na nyaŋɛ.[113] Yɛlkanɛ lɛm paas ka amus nam zabid anɛ ban na paam paalʋ bɛ yin yɛla. Ka bʋnnya'as mɛ zabid paalʋ bɛɛ ba biis yɛla. Ba ya'a fɔ bʋndaad la li na sie bɛɛ yiis zaba la bas, bɔzugɔ dʋʋbi ta'asid itima bama buudi.[114]

Amus nam suunr ya'a pɛlig, ba mɔɔdi ba maali ba mɛŋ bɛdiri ka vumisi ba taaba la n dɔlisid ban kʋm kʋkɔya ni si'em, ka gʋŋidi ba nya'aŋkudug, ka kiakkid kpikpɛŋ, ka nyiid bɛɛ tʋbisid nintɔɔnr.[115] Saŋa pamm ba ya'a niŋid nɛ'ɛnam la, ba tʋba la mienɛ labil nya'aŋ baanlim ye si'el da paae li daam, ka kɛlisid nya'aŋ bʋn linɛ kenna wʋsa, amaa ka ba nindaa kpa' tuon. Amus nam mɛ tʋn'e kaas bɛɛ dʋ'ʋsi ba kʋkɔya agɔla ka nyii ba nyina ye ba vɔlisi ba taaba. Ba ya'a zaba, ba gban'adi taaba nɛ ba nu'us ka nwɛ'ɛd taaba nindaas nɛ tampian'as ka bʋʋnd nɛ ba nɔb-ɛɛns, ka la'am dum taaba mɛn. Amus nam mɛ lɔbidi ba mɛŋi basid zin'ikanɛ gu'udi ba ka nya'al ka ba tuon nɔb-ɛɛns la kuns ba taaba la.[116]

Sapu'ad pʋ naamidi alaa, bɔzugɔ ba pʋ zabid yuugida, ka onɛ pʋ nyaŋ ka ba bʋʋnd o nindaa nɛ o tʋba bi'ela la mɛ yiti zɔnɛ ka kɛɛ o tiraan na. Bʋndaad ya'a ti zabid dʋʋb yɛla pu'alʋŋ bɛdegʋ yiti naam nɛ, nindaas kpaandit, ka niŋgbiŋ gbin'es-gbin'es. Saŋa pamm sapu'ad linɛ ka ba dum ka bʋʋndit taaba la, ban buudi pʋ taan ta'asid ban'asɛ, amaa saŋa si'a bɛ ka ba ya'a pʋ ti'ebi lii li tʋn'e mɔr ban'as na. Ka linɛ lɛm pɛ'ɛs anɛ ye dumug la an yɛlkpan bʋn kanɛ ta'asidi feline immunodeficiency virus wiim kanɛ lɔɔsid amus nam bɛdegʋ la.[117] Bʋndaad banɛ nam mɔr paŋ dʋt la zabid nɛ saŋa wʋsa ka sapu'ad issa bɛɛ ba nindaasin nɛ ba tʋba nɛ ba nyɔya ni.[118] Amus nam siakid ka mɔr sunkpi'euŋ kanɛ ka ba zi'enɛ vɔlisi ba bʋnkɔnb taaba banɛ gaadi ba wʋʋ baas nɛ piif, lin na niŋ si'em ka ba gur ka sʋ'oe ba sʋ'ʋlʋm.[119]

Tɔn'ɔsʋg nɛ diib

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Amus ya'a la an si'em la pɔɔdnɛ ka o kʋ myaŋi mug o mɛŋ nu Ku'om. Dinzug ka ba ya'a nuud Ku'om asɛɛ ka ba nɔki ba zilim la lias li ka li kpɛlim ba nɔɔrin. Ba liasis Ku'om la nɛ nɔɔr anaasi, la nɔk o zilim tuon la si'is Ku'om la, ka fʋʋne li tɔ'ɔtɔ wʋʋ corkscrew fʋʋnd Ku'om agɔla la.[120][121]

Mɔɔgin nɛ yin amus nam wʋsa dit diib bɛdegʋ daar yinnɛ pʋʋgin. Diib nɛ dit zu'od nɛ nɔɔr si'em bɛnɛ amus nam kɔn'ɔb-kɔn'ɔb ni. Ba gaŋid diib ka li bɛnɛ diib la tʋl bɛɛ ma'ae si'em, ka nyuusid si'em nɛ lin nwɛn si'em nɛ; ba pʋ nɔŋ dima'asirɛ ka lɛɛ nɔŋi dibanɛ ma'ae ka ni'im mi'isʋg bɛɛ li ni ka nwɛnnɛ ni'im nɛ. Amus nam zan'asid dibanɛ ka ba pʋ milimi lii ka li malisim ann li kɔn' nɛ ban dit si'el la (ba buon dikaŋa ye dabiem bʋn la) ka zamis ya'am nɛ ban luak dibanɛ pʋ malis tisi baa.[122][123] Li lɛn anɛ yidigir ka ba yɛl ye amus nɔŋ iilim bɛɛ kpaam, amaa ba pʋ nɔŋ dimalisŋ nɛ iilim. Amus banɛ an bʋnkʋda la bɛdegʋ anɛ banɛ ka ba pʋʋg pʋ bɔɔd sigir bʋnɛ; sigir bɛɛ iilim linɛ gɛndig nɛ sigir la pʋ sigid bɛɛ diginid o pʋʋgin nɛ, ka li tʋn'e ta'as saan. Sieba mɛ bɛ ka an banɛ pʋ dit diibɔ ka lɛɛ diti wʋʋ daad, rɔbanam, kʋnt nwiis, gbana, guŋguma, kʋnt banɛ pigi, hali la'am nɛ kugsabilig. Bʋmbanɛ ka' diib nwa ka ba dit la daammi ba laafi nɛ,ka li bɛnɛ ban di la'abɛ'ɛd bɛɛ bʋn bɛ'ɛdnam si'em.[124]

Amus nam tɔn'ɔsid bi'el-bi'el dit, kas-kas anɛ niimis kuus bɛɛ dayuud,[125] ka din ka saŋa pamm ka ba yɛt ye amus n tʋn'e si'eli la.[126] [127]Bʋnvʋlnam sieba mɛ bɛ nwɛnnɛ baŋgia nɛ bʋnsi'elnam mɛ anɛ ni'im tis amus.[128] Amus nam mɔri ya'am suoya ayi' banɛ ka ba nɔkid tɔn'ɔsid, o tʋn'e zɔɔ dɔl bɛɛ kati li bʋn, bɛɛ o su'a mɔɔgin gur saŋkanɛ ka bʋnvʋl si'a ti ken li'el o na ka o gban'e li bʋn.[129] Li bɛnɛ bʋnvʋl buudi kanɛ bɛ mɔɔgin bɛɛ zin'ikan ni la na kɛ ka o zaŋ ya'am suor yinnɛ kanɛ ka o bɔɔdi nɔki gban'e, o ya'a ti su'a mɔɔgin gur ye o gban'e niiŋ.[130] Yin Amus nam anɛ banɛ gban'ad ka kʋʋd mɔɔgin niimis wʋʋ 1.3 ti paae 4.0 billion nɛ bʋnkɔnbid wʋʋ 6.3 ti paae 22.3 billion yʋʋm wʋsa bɛ America tɛɛnsin.[131]

Bʋnvʋnlnam sieba bɛ ka pʋ ya'asida ka amus nam gban'adi ba tɔ'ɔtɔ; tituunli, na'asaateŋ kpikpɛŋ si'a ni ka yin lilaadis bam 30% ka yin amus nam kʋʋ ba.[132] Ba da nyɛnɛ niimis banɛ ian'ad ka baŋ kɔli ba ningɔɔnrin, ka amus nam kʋʋ ba bam 31% bɛ Britain sʋ'ʋlʋm.[133] America ya-nya'aŋ ka bʋnkɔnbid banɛ ɔnbid ni'im wʋʋ kunduna banɛ gban'ad amus nam nɛ banɛ bɛ la, kɛya ka amus nam nɛ bʋnkɔnbid sieba banɛ ɔnbid bɛɛ diti ba taaba la daʋŋ yʋ'ʋn sie.[134]

Ka bʋn yinnɛ kanɛ ka nidib bi'esidi amus tɔn'ɔsʋg itʋg yɛla anɛ ban mɔr bʋn linɛ ka ba tɔn'ɔsi gban'ad wʋsa kenna tisid saal. Pa'alʋg yinnɛ ka bɛ anɛ ye, amus nam nɔk saal nɛ ka ba paasi ba bɛllim pʋʋgin ka zamis ya'am itima ka li anɛ nidibi sʋ'oe ka mɔri ba si'em la zug, ka ninsaal niŋid wʋʋ amus nam banɛ bɛɛ agɔl la.[135] Bʋn yinnɛ kanɛ lɛm bɛ la anɛ ye, amus nam bɔɔd nɛ ye ba pa'annɛ ba nidib banɛ sʋ'oe ba la ban na niŋ si'em ka tɔn'ɔs.[136] Yɛlʋg kaŋa pʋ aan ala kimm ye bʋndaad la kʋʋd si'elnam mɔri kun yin na, la'am nɛ on pʋ paas biis mɔrim ni la.[137]

Di'ema

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Yin amus nam kas-kas anɛ bʋnpaalis la nɔŋi di'ema. Ba itʋg kaŋa kpɛ'ɛŋidi ba tɔn'ɔsʋg zuunla, ka mɛ yɛlkpan kanɛ sʋŋid bʋnbibis la ka ba zamisid a-zɔ-kat, nɛ gban'ab nɛ kʋʋb bʋnvʋl kanɛ ka ba ɔnbid.[138] Amus nam mɛ paasid zaba di'ema ni, ban nɛ ba mɛŋ nɛ ban nɛ ninsaalib. Itʋg kaŋa an tʋʋm kanɛ ka ba na dɔlisi zamis ya'am kanɛ na sʋŋi ba zaba ni, ka na tʋn'e sie dabiem kanɛ mɔr nɛ bʋnkɔnbid banɛ ka ba nyɛɛ ba.[139]

Amus nam mɛ lɛn di'em nɛ la'adnam bɛdegʋ gaad ba kɔ'ɔm ya'a zabid.[140] Ti ya'a nɔk di'ema nɛ tɔn'ɔsʋg digilɛ, amus nam na gaŋi di'em nɛ si'elnam banɛ nwɛnnɛ bʋn linɛ ka kʋʋdi ɔnbid wʋʋ fʋʋri di'ema bʋnbil linɛ ken tɔ'ɔtɔ, amaa ka kɔ'ɔŋid si'isim tɔ'ɔtɔ. Ba na ti kena si'im nɛ tɔii nam banɛ ka ba mi' di'em yiiga la.[141] Ba mɔr karikɛɛnr ka li an tɔi tisi ba, amaa ba ya'a dii li, li na gban'e ba zilim teŋir la ka vurigi sig pʋʋgin nyɔya ni ka na tʋn'e ta'as wiim, hali li tʋn'e kʋʋ ba gba.[142]

Ba du'am yɛla

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Amus la bin nyɛ'ɛb nɛ dʋ'ʋnʋn tisid ya'amlɛʋg.[143] Amus nya'asi buon pu'ana'anam la anɛ polyestrous, ka sigid nɛ nɔɔrim babiga yʋʋm yinne pʋʋgin, li zaŋid nɛ dabisa 21 sigib la saŋa. Fulumfug nwadig la pin'iligi mɔri keŋ paae Mɔtul nwadig la ni,[144] ka ba niŋ siri bɔɔd ye bʋn daad la dʋʋ ba, tudugu teens la ni, ka sʋʋgin la an yʋʋm la wʋsa ni ba an siri bɔɔd dʋʋb.[145]

Bʋn daad bɛdigʋ buon tomcats la, ya'amlɛʋg bɛnɛ nɛ bʋnnya'aŋ banɛ an siri bɔɔd dʋʋb. Ba zabidi o zug, ka onɛ di ya'an zaba la ni la mɔri nyadi na dʋ o. Bʋnnya'aŋ la na dɛŋi zan'as bʋndaʋg la, ka na ti siak ka bʋndaʋg la dʋ o. Bʋnnya'aŋ la na bʋʋlʋm agɔla bʋndaʋg la ya'a yisidi o yʋ'ori o ni la, bɔzugɔ amus daʋg yʋ'or la viligi nɛ si'eli kanɛ zɛmi nɛ wʋʋ120-150 bɛŋi lɛbid tutula ka kpa'ad penile spines ni, ka ba wa'alim an wʋʋ 1 mm (0.039 in); yu'or la yisib la ni, spines la paasid nɛ bʋnnya'aŋ la malisim la, linɛ yisid gɛl la niŋid du'asir la ni.[146]

Dʋʋb la ya'aŋ, bʋnya'aŋ la ɛɛnsid nɛ o pɛn sʋ'ʋŋa. Bʋndaʋg ya'a mak ye o dʋ o saŋkaŋa nwa ni, bʋnnya'aŋ la zabid nɛ o nɛ. Minti 20 paad 30 ni la, bʋnnya'aŋ la sadigim maali o mɛŋi naae la, dʋʋb la bɔɔdim saŋa na naam ya'as.[147] Bɔzugɔ gɛl lɔb la pʋ naamid nɛ dʋʋb yimmir nii, bʋnnya'as tun'oe pʋ nɔk pʋʋg yiiga bʋndaʋg la dʋʋb la nii.[148] Ya'asɛɛ, amus nam anɛ superfecund, lin anɛ, bʋnnya'aŋ tun'oe na la'as nɛ bʋndaad ka li gaad yinne o ya'a mɔri li bɔɔdim, ka li na yinɛ na ka biig wʋsa saam bɛɛ o kɔn.[149]

Morula la naamid nɛ awa nam 124 pʋʋg la nɔkir. Ya'aŋ. Awa nam 148 saŋa ni, ka vir la naam. Niŋgbina luos zaŋid nɛ dabisa 10 paad dabisa 12,[150] tugud Pu'ana'anam pʋʋg mɔrim zaŋid nɛ dabisa 64 mɔri kenɛ paad dabisa 67 ni, ka saŋa la kiapi anɛ dabisa 65.[151][152]

Zamisʋg vɛɛnsi pa'al ye, pu'ana'anam 2,300, Sigsaa 1998 nɛ Sawa'ar nwadis 2000 yʋmma la ni, ba da du'a nɛ biis lkn zaŋ yinne nɛ ayuobʋ bɛn, ka lI kiapi anɛ biis atan'. Ba du'ad nɛ 1.4 (mean) yʋʋm yinne pʋʋgin, ka ba zu'or zan' anɛ biis atan'. Biis 169 pʋʋgin, 127 da kpi ya ka nam pʋ paae nwadis ayuobʋ, ka li yinɛ baasi zabid nɛ ba pu'alimi ba, nɛ suor zugsapu'ad.[153] Yiiga biig la ye pɔɔdi gat yuolʋŋ biis la du'amin. Biis la basid bin'iris nɛ bakuai nam ayuobʋ nɛ ayɔpɔi saŋa. Pu'ana'anam la paad dʋʋb saŋa nɛ linzaŋ nwadis 5 ni ti paae nwadis 10 ni, ka bʋn daad la an nwadis 5 saŋa ti paae 7 ni. Nɛŋa bɛ gʋn gʋn, zaŋi ken lin an buudi si'a ni.[154] Bʋnbibis la biid nɛ lin zaŋ nwadis 9 ken paad 10 ni.[155]

Li ye siak ye amus nam kpɛn ba ya-pqqlq ni nɛ, ba ya' paae bakuai nam 12, la ya' zɛmis ye ba basi ba manam. Ba tun'oe kɛ ka ba kʋ du'aa (san'amɛ ba du'am bɛɛ fuo ba) ba ya' an bakuai nam ayɔpɔi, ka li gu' ba du'am banɛ ka ba pʋ bɔɔd la. Fuob nwa mɛ gu'ud nɛ ka ba ya'amlɛʋg pʋ kɛt ka ba it wʋʋ ba bɔɔd dʋʋbɔ, ittim bama anɛ, zaba, sʋ'ʋlim bɛŋir, (dʋ'ʋnʋm sɛɛnrʋg) bʋndaadin, bʋʋlʋg (buoligin) bʋnnya'asin. Sansi'an la, ba da ye fuo ba, ka ba anɛ wʋʋ nwadis ayuobʋ ken paad awai saŋa, amaaba yʋʋm naam nɛ ba nɛ, ka ba nyaan paae biib saŋa, wʋʋ. Wadis atan' paad ayuobʋ ni. United States teŋi nɛ, yin amus nam 80% anɛbanɛ ka' du'amm.

Ba vʋm bɛllim saŋa nɛ ba nimma’asim yɛla

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Amus banɛ bɛ yaan la vʋm maligim paasnɛ yʋma kɔbʋga banɛ gaad la ni. Yʋʋm tusir, kɔbʋswai nɛ pisnii la ni (1980), di da anɛ yʋma ayɔpɔi,[156][157] ka yʋ’ʋn nɔbʋgʋ keŋ yʋma awai nɛ nwaisa anaasi yʋʋm tusir, kɔbʋswai nɛ piswai nɛ anu (1995) la ni,[156] ka nɔbʋgʋ paasi keŋ yʋʋma piinɛ atan yʋʋm tusa ayi nɛ piinɛ anaasi (2014) nɛ yʋʋm tusa ayi nɛ pisi nɛ atan (2023) la ni.[158][159]

Amus daad yuugidi gaati bʋn-nya’as; vɛɛnsʋg yinne pa’al ye amus daad banɛ ka ba fu’a na vui yuugi gaadi ba bʋndaad taaba, ka bʋnya’ambanɛ ka ba fu’oe ba dʋ’asiŋ mɛ nyaŋidi vʋi yuugʋdi gati ba bʋnya’aŋ taaba pisyuobʋ nɛ ayi kɔbʋga pʋʋgʋn (62%).[156] Fʋ ya’ fu’a amus di mɔr nyɔɔdi tis o bɛllim, nwɛnɛ ba na vʋi yuug ka lɛn dʋ’a gaad ban naani dʋ’an si’em.[160] Amaa, fʋ ya’a fu’a amus, di kɛtnɛ ka o bɔɔd diib tɔ’ɔtɔ bɛɛ dit bɛdegʋ[161][162] gaad on ɛɛnti dit si’em la ka mɛ kɛ ka diib la pʋ buoed din nar si’em dinɛ tʋn’e ta’as ka banɛ ka ba fu’a la pʋʋr uk.[163] Banɛ ɛɛnti an nwadisa anaasi bɛɛ pʋ paae ala ka ba fu’a ba la pisi nɛ anii kɔbʋga pʋʋgʋn (28%) ka banɛ gɔsid ni’im ɔnbir yɛla America la siaki tis vɛɛnsʋg yinne pʋʋgʋn. nidib mɛ pa’ali ba pʋtɛnda zaŋi keŋ ban ɛɛnti dɛŋi fu’a ba ye di kɛtnɛ ka ba pʋ nɔbʋgʋdʋ paadi ba bɛnnɛ, ka mɛ lɛn tʋn’e tisi ba dʋ’ʋnsuug ban’as.[164]

Ban’as

Ban’as nwɛnɛ kɔbʋsyi’ nɛ pisnu (250) banɛ lɔmisid ka ba nyɛ amus nam ni; ba sieba nwɛnɛ gbɛlima banɛ ninsaalib dʋ’am saŋa ni nɛ.[165] Ban’abama nwɛn taaba la kɛya ka ba mɔr vɛɛnsʋg suokanɛ ka ba da maali tis ninsaalib la vɛɛnsid bʋnkɔnbid la ni mɛn, la’anɛ amus nam ka ba mɔri maan zanbini tis bʋnkɔnbid buudi wʋsa.[166][83] Ban’abanɛ daamid yin dɔɔbiig bɛɛ amus nam anɛ bama nwɛ’ɛdʋg, ba’amada daamʋg, sapʋ’ad, nɛ ba’abama mɛn; susunya ban’as kɔnba ban’as giinla ban’as nɛ sieba bɛdegʋ. Pima bɛdegʋ bɛ ka ba na nyaŋi kunsi amus nam ka ba paam laafi yi ban’as bɛdegʋ ni nwɛnɛ ban ti’ebidi ba si’em yisid bʋn-ian’ada, gaana, ba’amada, nɛ sunsɔmnam si’em la.[82]

Ban nɛ ba taaba bɛi si'em, nɛ ba bɛllim zin'ig yɛla

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Ba bɛllim zin'is

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Yin amus nam la anɛ buudi babiga la'asi la'am bɛi zin'ig yinne, ka li anɛ ala dunia nwa zin'i wʋsa.[167] Li nyaŋidi bɛi zin'ig wʋsa, ya' kanɛ Antarctica, nɛ 118, 131 la pʋʋgin teŋ banɛ ni ka ku'om gɛɛli ba la, hali gba Kerguelen Island zin'igi bɛɛ li gʋllim la.[168][169] On tun'oe bɛi zin'is wʋsa la zugɔ, li paas nɛ dunia la bʋnkɔnbid buudi banɛ gɔɔn keŋ zin'i si'a kpɛlim anina.[170] Ba kpɛn'ɛd teŋ banɛ ka ku'om gɛɛl la, bɛɛ ani ba gʋllim ka nidib kae.[171] Feral amus nam ka nyaŋidi sin'arin, mɔɔgin, zin'i kanɛ ka tiis kae, ma'asig zin'is, kuob zin'is, tiis nɛ mɔɔd zin'is, tenpʋ bɛda ni, nɛ ku'om zin'isin.[172]

A pʋ bɔɔd o la kɛ ka ba maan yin amus la wʋʋ o kena di'e nɛ zin'ig la bɛi, ka li anɛ yɛla ayi ni. On nɛ mɔɔgin amus la bakiri pʋ zʋ'oe, on nɛ mɔɔgin amus la dʋt taaba du'ad. Ban dʋt taaba du'adi gɛnt si'em la anɛ dɛŋ mɔɔgin amus buudi nam la bakir zin'igin, kas kas Scotland nɛ Hungary tensing, tun'oe mɛ an Iberian Peninsula, nɛ zin' banɛ ka' dɛŋa ka kpi'e nɛ nidib bɛllim zin'is, wʋʋ Kruger National Park bɛ South Africa la.[173][174] Amaa, ban zaŋi ba niŋ zin'i banɛ ka feline kae kɛ ya ka teŋin la amus buudi nam la sie.[175]

Amus gɛɛnmʋg

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Amus gɛɛmis anɛ yin amus banɛ ka ba du'a ba la, bɛɛ ban na ti yuolim nya'aŋi lieb wʋʋ mɔɔgin bʋnam nɛ. Ba pʋ miilim nɛ nida, ka gu'usidi ba mɛŋ, ka gɔɔndi tempʋʋsin nɛ tembibisinɛ ba ya'amin.[176] Sɔ' pʋ baŋ mɔɔgin amus nam kali zɛm si'em, amaa United States mak ye kal anɛ million nam 25 ken paad 60. Amus gɛɛnmis tun'oe bɛi ba gʋllʋm, amaa ba bɛdigʋ bɛnɛ sʋ'ʋlim titada ni, kana mɔr bɛŋir zin'ig ka ye anɛ zin'i kanɛ ka diib zin'ig bɛ. Mɔɔgin amus banɛ kaba mi' la sʋ'ʋlim zin'is, da bɛ Rome, Colosseum nɛ Forum Romanum nɛ amus nam, ka bam bɛɛ zin'i sieba ka pɛsigi m mɛŋ dim tisidi ba diib ka ti'ebidi ba.

Nidibi mɔr ittima sieba niŋid mɔɔgin amus nam anɛ babiga, ba nyɛti ba ye ba anɛ lin zaŋ amus zua gɔɔnda ti keŋ ban an dɛŋi tisi ba si'em.

Ba tʋʋma maal sin'ar si'em

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Tens banɛ ka ku'om gilig zuginɛ, bʋn ian'ada 60% tun'oe niŋ amus nam diib. Yɛla wʋsa ni, ba kʋ nyaŋi yɛl ye amus la gʋllʋm kɛ ka bʋn ian'ada banɛ bɛi ku'om gɛɛl teŋ sieba la ni kal si'e. Ka sansieba ni, a kad amus nam bas kɛ ya ka mesopredator release effect bɛ; ka bʋnkɔnbid banɛ ɔnbid ni'im ma'a la, tɔn'ɔ ba mugusid ba, kɛ ka ban buudi naamid, ka li kɛ ka ban tɔn'ɔsid si'em la si'e. Yin amus la paasi kɛ ka bʋnkɔnbi nam buudi bɛdigʋ kal si'e, linɛ kɛ ka saŋa sieba ni, ba yiib teŋin la. South Africa piopio la, Catham rail, nɛ .ew Zealand merganser anɛ bi'ela bɛdigʋ la pʋʋgin, ka banɛ din nɛ galis hali anɛ, flightless Lyalis wren, onɛ kaba da kad o yis yʋʋma bi'ela pʋʋgin ban da nyɛɛ ba la. Mɔɔgin amus yinne New Zealand teŋin da kʋ New Zealand lesser short tailed bats nam 102 dabisa ayɔpɔi pʋʋgin. United States teŋin, mɔɔgin amus nam nɛ yin amus gɔɔnda da kʋʋdi bʋnkɔnbid billion nam 6.3-22.3 yʋʋm wʋsa pʋʋgin.

Australia teŋin, zamisʋg yinne baŋ ya ye mɔɔgin amus nam kʋʋdi bʋnvuuda million 466 yʋʋm pʋʋgin. Ba da baŋ ye bʋnvuuda buudi gʋn gʋn 258 nɛ nya'aŋ, amus nam da dɛŋi baa bɛi. Amus nam da kɛ ya ka Navassa curly-tailed lizard nɛ Chioninia coctel.

Ban nɛ saalib sɔsid si'em

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Amus nam anɛ saalib zuanam dunia nwa ni wʋsa, ka ba kal dunia ni wʋsa yʋʋm 2007 la da gaad million nam 500. 2017 yʋʋm la ni, yin amus la da an saal zua kanɛ paas ayi ka nidib da mi' United States ka nidib da sʋ'oe amus nam million 95.6 ka ya million nam 42 mɔri wʋʋ amus yinne. United Kingdom teŋin, kpɛɛmnam 26% mɔrɛ amus, ka amus zuanam kal da an million nam 10.9 2020 yʋʋm la saŋa. 2021 yʋʋm la saŋa, ba da mak ye nidib da mɔri wʋʋ amus amus nam million 220, ka amus nam banɛ yii bɔdig zɛm wʋʋ million nam 480.

Kʋdimin yʋʋma la ni sa, amus nam da mɔrɛ gur dayuus nam, ba da gurɛ zin'i banɛ ka bʋya nɛ ki bɛ, nɛ katens anrima, ka tʋʋm ban ti paae zina. Ba mɔr amus namɛ kuosid bʋnkɔnbid kɔbʋlʋg kpikpiŋ zin'igin la nɛ gbana tʋʋma zin'igin ka ba mɔri ba maan fuud, zupibis, fupinnis, di'ema la'ad, ta'ada, nu'utʋʋrʋs, nɛ yʋʋma la'ad. Li bɔɔd wʋʋ amus anu ye li zaŋi maal kɔnbʋlʋg fuug Li tʋʋm kaŋa nwa wada la pʋlɛn tʋm United States teŋinɛ, 2000 yʋʋm la ni sa, ka European Union (la'am nɛ United Kingdom) 2007 la ni sa.

Ba da mɔr amus nami tʋm siigin tʋʋma, ka li paasɛ sɔɔng tʋʋma ni, ka ba nam kpɛn mɔri ba maan fupinnis Switzerland teŋin ka li anɛ ba ti kpɛŋ kanɛ ti'ebid kunmus.

La'asʋg nam bɛɛ lalli la'asʋg (wʋʋ Canadian Federation of Humane Societies) dɔlis pɛbisimin mak bʋ si'em ye ba baŋ amus nam kali zɛm si'em yʋʋma nwa ni. Ba makid yin amus nam kal dunia ni wʋsa zu'oe zɛm nɛ lin zaŋ million nam 200 ti paae million nam 600. Walter Chandoha da zaŋ amus nam foto nam ki'eb ka li aan o tʋʋm, o Loco foto nam banɛ da paas 1949 la nya'aŋ, o da yis amus gɔɔndir foto. O da yɛl ye o da ki'e amus nam 90,000 foto nam o tʋʋma la saŋa ni, ka da yis foto nam 255,000 banɛ da bɛ suakin, k'o da ki'e ba o vʋm saŋa la.

Pet humanization anɛ anthropomorphism buudi, kanɛ kanɛ ka amus nam nɛ ban nɛ saal zuod mɔrim yɛla, ka la'ad gurum hylas. Malʋŋ kaŋa nwa anɛ fʋn na gɔsid amus la sʋ'ʋŋa, ma kim o, k'o bɛllim an sʋm nwɛn wʋʋ ninsaal maalʋg nɛ.

Amus pa'alʋg

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Amus pa'alʋg anɛ malʋŋ kanɛ ni ka ba gaansid amus kanɛ ka ba nan o hali, ka amus nam dim na pan'alim taaba nɛ amus nam la ya'an kɔn'ɔb kɔn'ɔb ni, kanɛ ka ba na mɔr amus nam la keŋ banɛ gɔt tʋʋm kaŋa ni, ka ba vɛɛnsi ba. Li malʋŋ anɛ ye amus sʋm k'o mɔr laafi, ka di'e kunsib manɛ gu'ud ban'as ka nyaan tun'oe paas malʋŋ nwa ni. Ka li anɛ tuŋ zin'igin nɛ du'adib zin'igin ("moggy") amus nam anɛ banɛ siakidi dɔlisid. Wada la ka' yinne zin'ig wʋsa. Amus nam la anɛ buudi yinne ka ba zaŋidi yigilim, ka vɛɛnsi ba sunf duor si'em zin'igin.

Ban'as yɛla

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Amus nam tun'oe paam ban'as, bɛɛ tis ban'as nɛ viruses, bacteria, fungus, protozoans, arthropods bɛɛ zuzunya banɛ kɛt ka ban'as lɔ'ɔŋ nidib. Saŋa sieba amus la ban'as pʋ baŋid da. Ka fʋ na ti nyɛ ka ban' kan mɔr nid. Linɛ na tun'oe kɛ ka nid bɛn'ɛd bɛnɛ o yʋʋma ni, nɛ o niŋgbina paŋi an si'em. Nidib banɛ mɔri amus nam ba yaan bɛɛ ba bɛ nɛ ba la, pʋ tɔi nɛ ban'asi na gban'ae baa. Sieba tun'oe mɛ paam ban'as la nɛ ba bina ni, nɛ bʋnvʋ banɛ bɛɛ amus la niŋgbiuŋin. Ban'as banɛ daanmid hali anɛ salmonella, cat--scratch disease, nɛ toxoplasmosis.

Sin'iŋirin la nɛ li malima yɛla

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Egypt kʋdʋg teŋi nɛ, ba da na'asid amus nam nɛ, ka pu'ana'ab ɛɛnti (basted) wʋʋ amus nɛ, saŋa sieba ni, o liebid nɛ wʋʋ gbigim nya'aŋi bɛ zaba ni. Greek nid, Herodotus onɛ mɔr si'iŋirin baŋir la da yɛl ye, amus kʋʋb da anɛ kisʋg, ka yi si'a amus ya da kpi, yi kan dim da bɛnɛ sunsan'aŋin, ka na pʋn ba ninkan'ad. Nidib da zaŋi di ba amus banɛ kpi la ken Bubastis tenpʋtita'ari an pʋ'ʋsim zin'ig la, ani ka ba na maal niŋgbiuŋ la linɛ na kɛ ka li kʋ san'am tɔ'ɔ, ka su'a li pʋ'ʋsim su'ak zin'igin. Herodotus da pa'al lin da an pakiri tis o si'em Egypt teŋin amus la yɛla, bɔzugɔ o da nan mi' nyɛnɛ mɔɔgin amus la.

Greek kʋdʋg dim nɛ Romans dim da gʋ'ʋn weasels ka li aan ba bʋnkɔnbid zuanam, banɛ da kʋʋd dayuus saŋkan la. Greek dim yiigin sa yɛlsida kanɛ ka nwa'asig kae ye Greek dim da mɔr amus nam ka ba yinɛ zin'is ayi ni, Magna Brescia, century piinɛ anu teŋsʋk la BC saŋa ni, ka ba an lokastos nɛ Phalanthos, banɛ da pin'il Rhegion nɛ nɛ Taras, ka di'em nɛ amus zuanam la. Greek kʋdʋg da bʋon 'amus' la ye ailouros, li gbin an ye, 'bʋn linɛ mɛnnim o zʋʋr la'. Amus yʋ'ʋr pʋ pʋdʋg ala sa Greek kʋdʋg gbana nii. Aristotle yɛl ya, o bʋnkɔnbid si'iŋir gbaʋŋʋn la, ye "amus nya'as anɛ lecherous". Ka Greek dim la yuolim nya'aŋi la'asi ba mɛŋ winpuaki an Artsmis la, nɛ Egypt dim winpuaki an Bastet la naalim, ka zaŋ Bastet la'asa nɛ amus nam la paas Artemis la. Ovid's Metamorphoses, teŋgbana la da zɔɔ keŋ Egypt teŋinɛ lie bʋnkɔnbid sansi'a la, winpuak Diana la, da lieb nɛ amus.

Amus nam yʋʋn da ti nyaŋi kad weasels yis, ka lin anɛ bʋn dumma banɛ da san'amid bʋnbʋtta nɛ gʋ'ʋl yisib, bɔzugɔ ba bɛllim yaan da an sʋm ka ba mɛ da tɔn'ɔ tɔn'ɔsidi gban'ad dayuus sʋŋa. Pin'iligin la da ti pʋdig pʋsʋk la, Artemis nam la bɛdigʋ la'asʋg nɛ amus nam la da naalimi nɛ Virgin Mary. Amus nam anɛ Annunciation zanbina nɛ Holy Family, Italy dim sɔlima pa'al ye yʋ'ʋŋ kanɛ nɔɔ ka Mary du'a Yeesu la, amus da du'a o biig Bethlehem teŋin. Yin amus nam da widigi gilig dunia temis bɛdigʋ saŋa kanɛ si'enam yʋʋn da nied paalʋ ka nidib baŋid la, wʋʋ anrima ni, amus nam da dɔlisidi ku'om anrima gʋ'ʋd dayuus, nɛ zɔg sʋŋ paamʋg yɛla.

Kʋdimin la pʋ'ʋsʋm nam bɛdigʋ dim da mɔr yadda ye amus nam da anɛ banɛ da nyɛt girima, zuanam, bɛɛ banɛ gur nidib, banɛ mi' si'el wʋsa amaa ma lɛɛ pʋ pian'ada, dinzug ba kʋ nyaŋi paasi ba pʋtɛn'ɛr saalibi gban'ae si'el la. Japan teŋin, maneki neko amus la anɛ zanbin kanɛ tisid zugsʋŋ. Norse mythology ni, Freyja, nɔŋilim winpu'ak, vɛnllim, nɛ du'am, wʋʋ lin pa'al si'em tɛroko kanɛ ka amus nam maal la ban'abin. Jewish legend ni, yiiga amus la da bɛnɛ yiiga dau la Adam yin, kanɛ da bʋnkɔnbʋg zua, ka da yis kuus ka lɛn ka' yin na. Amus la da mi' bɛnɛ yiiga baa la ka baa la da ti san'am nɔzi'elʋg linɛ da bɛɛ ba sʋʋgin ka lin kɛ ka dataadʋg naam bʋnkɔnbid ayi nwa sʋʋgin. Li mɛn sɔb digil ye amus bɛɛ zansirig pʋ paas ku'omin bʋnama, amaa ka bʋnkɔnbʋg buudi kanɛ kpɛlim wʋsa mɔri ba buudi nam ku'omin. Bʋnkɔnbʋg si'a buudi pʋ bɛ Islam pʋ'ʋsimi nɛ, Muslims tisid amus nam girima. Naasaa gbaʋŋ sɔbidib sieba ps'al sɔbi pa'al Muhammad da amus kanɛ k'o nɔŋ hali, Muessa. Ba pa'al on da nɔŋ amus nam yɛla hali si'em, o da na tun'e zan'as o fuug yɛɛb ka bas amus k'o diginɛ li zugʋ gbis nɛ on daam amus la gbɛɛm. Yɛlʋg kaŋa pʋ si'iŋ nɛ Muslims banɛ da dɛŋi sɔb gbana la, kɛ ka li gɛnd nidib ya'am nɛ nya'aŋ sa ka niŋ sʋŋ Sufi, Ahmed ar-Rifa'i, da yina pa'an yʋʋma kɔbis si'em Muhammad kum nya'aŋ la. Muhammad zuanam yinne onɛ k'o yʋ'ʋr da an Abu Hurayrah ("amus bil la saam"), ka vɛɛnsig la yinɛ gbaʋŋ kanɛ pa'al o nɔŋilim nɛ amus nam da an si'em.

Bɛllim nam nɛ malima

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Malima nam bɛdigʋ mɔr pʋtɛn'ɛ bɛ'ɛdnam amus nam yɛla. Ka li makir anɛ ye nidib siak ye sɔ' ya'a ken suor zug ka si'al amus sabilig ("k'o kidigid suokan") li tisidi zugbɛ'ɛd, bɛɛ amus nam anɛ sɔɔnb familiars kanɛ mɔri sʋŋid sɔen paŋ nɛ o tʋʋma. Medievial Ypres, Belgium teŋin, ba tiendi linɛ innocuous dʋnbama Kattenstoet (amus pa'alʋg malima). 16th century la da pʋdig pʋsʋk la France teŋin, ba yɛl ye ba da ye nyu'oe nɛ amus vʋya kanbis ka li aan ba di'ema, li ya'a ye an tʋʋlʋg winɛ ye pʋdʋg pʋsʋk saŋa la ni malima la. Norman Davies pa'al ye, nidib banɛ da ye bɛ la'asigin la da ye kaas nɛ kuŋ agɔla sa bʋnkɔnbid la da ye namisd tɔɔgin, sɛn'ɛbin, kanbigin, nɛ ban na ti yʋʋn sɔbʋg. Nidib da ye vaae tampɛligim kanɛ da ye kpɛlim la kulɛ yin sansi'a zugsʋŋ yɛɛnb yɛla.

Malima nam bɛdigʋ dim yɛt ye, amus nam mɔrɛ vʋm babiga. Temis bɛdigʋ ni, ba ye ba vʋm la anɛ vʋm buudi ayɔpɔi. Ka Arabia teŋ malima ni, kal la anɛ ayuobʋ. Ti na nyɛ sɔlʋŋ kanɛ da dɛŋ nwa John Heywood ni, John Heywood siililma ni.

Ba yɛt ye amus mɔr ittʋŋ kanɛ k'o nwɛtidi o mɛŋ, ka ni'asidi yit dɛŋin. Ka mɛ lɛn an sida nɛ ban ye amus ya' naam agɔl li lit, o lit nɛ zi'en o nɔba zug, righting reflex la kɛt ka tun'e nwɛtid ba niŋgbina la. La'am nɛ ala, amus nam tun'e pu'alim bɛɛ kpi, ba ya'a naam zin'i laalli lit teŋin.

Lɛn gɔs nɛ

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Gbanvɛɛnsa

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 https://books.google.com.gh/books?id=JgAMbNSt8ikC&pg=PA534%E2%80%93535&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 https://books.google.com.gh/books?id=cgL-EbbB8a0C&pg=PA133&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 https://www.jstor.org/stable/1416947
  4. ↑ McKnight, G. H. (1923). "Words and Archaeology". English Words and Their Background. New York, London: D. Appleton and Company. pp. 293–311.
  5. ↑ Pictet, A. (1859). Les origines indo-européennes ou les Aryas primitifs : essai de paléontologie linguistique (in French). Vol. 1. Paris: Joël Cherbuliez. p. 381.
  6. ↑ Keller, O. (1909). Die antike Tierwelt (in German). Vol. Säugetiere. Leipzig: Walther von Wartburg. p. 75.
  7. ↑ Huehnergard, J. (2008). "Qitta: Arabic Cats". In Gruendler, B.; Cooperson, M. (eds.). Classical Arabic Humanities in Their Own Terms: Festschrift for Wolfhart Heinrichs on his 65th Birthday. Leiden, Boston: Brill. pp. 407–418. ISBN 9789004165731. Archived from the original on 31 March 2021. Retrieved 25 October 2020.
  8. ↑ Kroonen, G. (2013). Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill Publishers. p. 281f. ISBN 9789004183407.
  9. ↑ "Puss". The Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 3 September 2015. Retrieved 1 October 2012.
  10. ↑ "puss". Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language. New York: Gramercy (Random House). 1996. p. 1571.
  11. ↑ "tom cat, tom-cat". The Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 1 October 2012.
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  114. ↑ https://doi.org/10.2460%2Fjavma.231.11.1665 https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4651194
  115. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20090224154137/http://animal.discovery.com/guides/cats/behavior/bodylanguageintro.html http://animal.discovery.com/guides/cats/behavior/bodylanguageintro.html
  116. ↑ https://www.paws.org/resources/aggression/ https://web.archive.org/web/20220828003314/https://www.paws.org/resources/aggression/
  117. ↑ Pedersen, N. C.; Yamamoto, J. K.; Ishida, T.; Hansen, H. (1989). "Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Infection". Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology. 21 (1): 111–129. doi:10.1016/0165-2427(89)90134-7. PMID 2549690.
  118. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781611390803
  119. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hannah_Devlin https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2022/oct/13/cat-v-fox-what-made-downing-streets-larry-so-brave https://web.archive.org/web/20221016011130/https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2022/oct/13/cat-v-fox-what-made-downing-streets-larry-so-brave
  120. ↑ https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1195421https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010Sci...330.1231R https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:1917972
  121. ↑ https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/1721.1/80405/2/Bush_Natural%20drinking%20strategies.pdfhttps://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:14895835https://web.archive.org/web/20220307214820/https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/80405/Bush_Natural
  122. ↑ Bradshaw, J. W.; Goodwin, D.; Legrand-Defrétin, V.; Nott, H. M. (1996). "Food selection by the domestic cat, an obligate carnivore". Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology – Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology. 114 (3): 205–209. doi:10.1016/0300-9629(95)02133-7. PMID 8759144.
  123. ↑ Zaghini, G.; Biagi, G. (2005). "Nutritional peculiarities and diet palatability in the cat". Veterinary Res. Commun. 29 (Supplement 2): 39–44. doi:10.1007/s11259-005-0009-1. PMID 16244923. S2CID 23633719.
  124. ↑ Bradshaw, J. W. S. (1997). "Factors affecting pica in the domestic cat". Applied Animal Behaviour Science. 52 (3–4): 373–379. doi:10.1016/S0168-1591(96)01136-7.
  125. ↑ Woods, M.; McDonald, R. A.; Harris, S. (2003). "Predation of wildlife by domestic cats Felis catus in Great Britain". Mammal Review. 23 (2): 174–188. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2907.2003.00017.x. S2CID 42095020.
  126. ↑ https://archive.org/details/clonescatschemic00sles/page/n16 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780873552370
  127. ↑ https://archive.org/details/pestscropswarmer00hill/page/n125 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781402067372
  128. ↑ https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/cats-kill-reptiles-populations-australia-animalshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Geographic_Societyhttps://web.archive.org/web/20231124225514/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/cats-kill-reptiles-populations-australia-animals
  129. ↑ https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/16/opinion/sunday/how-cats-evolved-to-win-the-internet.htmlhttps://web.archive.org/web/20161019204937/http://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/16/opinion/sunday/how-cats-evolved-to-win-the-internet.html
  130. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521636483
  131. ↑ https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fncomms2380https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nature_Communicationshttps://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013NatCo...4.1396Lhttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23360987
  132. ↑ Chucher, P. B.; Lawton, J. H. (1987). "Predation by domestic cats in an English village". Journal of Zoology, London. 212 (3): 439–455. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1987.tb02915.x.
  133. ↑ Mead, C. J. (1982). "Ringed birds killed by cats". Mammal Review. 12 (4): 183–186. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2907.1982.tb00014.x.
  134. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20110720110246/http://www38.homepage.villanova.edu/jameson.chace/Urban%20Ecology/Crooks%26Soule_Mesopredator_release.pdfhttps://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999Natur.400..563Chttps://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4417607http://www38.homepage.villanova.edu/jameson.chace/Urban%20Ecology/Crooks%26Soule_Mesopredator_release.pdf
  135. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780824070175
  136. ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=Q3ysT6xTJu4C&pg=PA51https://web.archive.org/web/20210331062240/https://books.google.com/books?id=Q3ysT6xTJu4C&pg=PA51
  137. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521636483
  138. ↑ https://doi.org/10.1525%2Faeq.1982.13.2.05x1830jhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/3216627
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  140. ↑ Hall, S. L. (1998). "The Influence of Hunger on Object Play by Adult Domestic Cats". Applied Animal Behaviour Science. 58 (1–2): 143–150. doi:10.1016/S0168-1591(97)00136-6.
  141. ↑ Hall, S. L. (2002). "Object Play in Adult Domestic Cats: The Roles of Habituation and Disinhibition". Applied Animal Behaviour Science. 79 (3): 263–271. doi:10.1016/S0168-1591(02)00153-3.
  142. ↑ MacPhail, C. (2002). "Gastrointestinal obstruction". Clinical Techniques in Small Animal Practice. 17 (4): 178–183. doi:10.1053/svms.2002.36606. PMID 12587284. S2CID 24977450.
  143. ↑ https://www.gwern.net/docs/catnip/1979-bland.pdfhttps://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:22484090https://web.archive.org/web/20190130202521/https://www.gwern.net/docs/catnip/1979-bland.pdf
  144. ↑ Jemmett, J. E.; Evans, J. M. (1977). "A survey of sexual behaviour and reproduction of female cats". Journal of Small Animal Practice. 18 (1): 31–37. doi:10.1111/j.1748-5827.1977.tb05821.x. PMID 853730
  145. ↑ https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/10.1079/9781789247107.0002https://doi.org/10.1079%2F9781789247107.0002https://web.archive.org/web/20220820105417/https://cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/10.1079/9781789247107.0002
  146. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20150319031546/http://www.catcollection.org/files/PenileSpines.pdfhttps://doi.org/10.1002%2Far.1091570111https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6030760https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:13070242
  147. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20161209220101/http://vlsstore.com/Media/PublicationsArticle/PV_23_12_1049.pdfhttp://vlsstore.com/Media/PublicationsArticle/PV_23_12_1049.pdf
  148. ↑ Wildt, D. E.; Seager, S. W.; Chakraborty, P. K. (1980). "Effect of Copulatory Stimuli on Incidence of Ovulation and on Serum Luteinizing Hormone in the Cat". Endocrinology. 107 (4): 1212–1217. doi:10.1210/endo-107-4-1212. PMID 7190893.
  149. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20161209220101/http://vlsstore.com/Media/PublicationsArticle/PV_23_12_1049.pdf
  150. ↑ https://doi.org/10.1095%2Fbiolreprod51.3.452https://doi.org/10.1095%2Fbiolreprod51.3.452https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7803616
  151. ↑ Jemmett, J. E.; Evans, J. M. (1977). "A survey of sexual behaviour and reproduction of female cats". Journal of Small Animal Practice. 18 (1): 31–37. doi:10.1111/j.1748-5827.1977.tb05821.x. PMID 853730.
  152. ↑ Tsutsui, T.; Stabenfeldt, G. H. (1993). "Biology of Ovarian Cycles, Pregnancy and pseudopregnancy in the Domestic Cat". Journal of Reproduction and Fertility. Supplement 47: 29–35. PMID 8229938.
  153. ↑ Nutter, F. B.; Levine, J. F.; Stoskopf, M. K. (2004). "Reproductive capacity of free-roaming domestic cats and kitten survival rate". Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 225 (9): 1399–1402. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.204.1281. doi:10.2460/javma.2004.225.1399. PMID 15552315. S2CID 1903272.
  154. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20161209220101/http://vlsstore.com/Media/PublicationsArticle/PV_23_12_1049.pdf
  155. ↑ Jemmett, J. E.; Evans, J. M. (1977). "A survey of sexual behaviour and reproduction of female cats". Journal of Small Animal Practice. 18 (1): 31–37. doi:10.1111/j.1748-5827.1977.tb05821.x. PMID 853730.
  156. ↑ 156.0 156.1 156.2 Kraft, W. (1998). "Geriatrics in canine and feline internal medicine". European Journal of Medical Research. 3 (1–2): 31–41. PMID 9512965.
  157. ↑ Nassar, R.; Mosier, J. E.; Williams, L. W. (1984). "Study of the feline and canine populations in the greater Las Vegas area". American Journal of Veterinary Research. 45 (2): 282–287. PMID 6711951.
  158. ↑ O'Neill, Dan G; Church, David B; McGreevy, Paul D; Thomson, Peter C; Brodbelt, David C (2014). "Longevity and mortality of cats attending primary care veterinary practices in England". Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery. 17 (2): 125–133. doi:10.1177/1098612X14536176. PMC 10816413. PMID 24925771.
  159. ↑ Montoya, M.; Morrison, J. A.; Arrignon, F.; Spofford, N.; C., H.; Hours, M.-A.; Biourge, V. (2023). "Life expectancy tables for dogs and cats derived from clinical data". Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 10: 1082102. doi:10.3389/fvets.2023.1082102. PMC 9989186. PMID 36896289.
  160. ↑ Vendramini, Thiago H. A.; Amaral, Andressa R.; Pedrinelli, Vivian; Zafalon, Rafael V. A.; Rodrigues, Roberta B. A.; Brunetto, Marcio A. (14 January 2020). "Neutering in dogs and cats: current scientific evidence and importance of adequate nutritional management". Nutrition Research Reviews. 33 (1). Cambridge University Press (CUP): 134–144. doi:10.1017/s0954422419000271. ISSN 0954-4224. PMID 31931899.
  161. ↑ Fettman, M.J; Stanton, C.A; Banks, L.L; Hamar, D.W; Johnson, D.E; Hegstad, R.L; Johnston, S (1997). "Effects of neutering on bodyweight, metabolic rate and glucose tolerance of domestic cats". Research in Veterinary Science. 62 (2). Elsevier BV: 131–136. doi:10.1016/s0034-5288(97)90134-x. ISSN 0034-5288. PMID 9243711.
  162. ↑ Kanchuk, Marc L.; Backus, Robert C.; Morris, James G.; Rogers, Quinton R.; Calvert, Christopher C. (2003). "Weight Gain in Gonadectomized Normal and Lipoprotein Lipase–Deficient Male Domestic Cats Results from Increased Food Intake and Not Decreased Energy Expenditure". The Journal of Nutrition. 133 (6). Elsevie V: 131–136. doi:10.1016/s0034-5288(97)90134-x. ISSN 0034-5288. PMID 9243711.
  163. ↑ Öhlund, Malin; Palmgren, Malin; Holst, Bodil Ström (19 January 2018). "Overweight in adult cats: a cross-sectional study". Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica. 60 (1): 5. doi:10.1186/s13028-018-0359-7. ISSN 1751-0147. PMC 5775588. PMID 29351768.
  164. ↑ Murray, J. K.; Skillings, E.; Gruffydd‐Jones, T. J. (2008). "Opinions of veterinarians about the age at which kittens should be neutered". Veterinary Record. 163 (13): 381–385. doi:10.1136/vr.163.13.381. ISSN 0042-4900.
  165. ↑ O'Brien, S. J.; Johnson, W.; Driscoll, C.; Pontius, J.; Pecon-Slattery, J.; Menotti-Raymond, M. (2008). "State of Cat Genomics". Trends in Genetics. 24 (6): 268–279. doi:10.1016/j.tig.2008.03.004. PMC 7126825. PMID 18471926.
  166. ↑ Sewell, A. C.; Haskins, M. E.; Giger, U. (2007). "Inherited Metabolic Disease in Companion Animals: Searching for Nature's Mistakes". Veterinary Journal. 174 (2): 252–259. doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2006.08.017. PMC 3132193. PMID 17085062.
  167. ↑ Lipinski, M.J.; Froenicke, L.; Baysac, K. C.; Billings, N. C.; Leutenegger, C. M.; Levy, A. M.; Longeri, M.; Niini, T.; Ozpinar, H.; Slater, M.R.; Pedersen, N. C.; Lyons, L. A. (2008). "The ascent of cat breeds: Genetic evaluations of breeds and worldwide random-bred populations". Genomics. 91 (1): 12–21. doi:10.1016/j.ygeno.2007.10.009. PMC 2267438. PMID 18060738.
  168. ↑ Say, L. (2002). "Spatio-temporal variation in cat population density in a sub-Antarctic environment". Polar Biology. 25 (2): 90–95. Bibcode:2002PoBio..25...90S. doi:10.1007/s003000100316. S2CID 22448763.
  169. ↑ Frenot, Y.; Chown, S. L.; Whinam, J.; Selkirk, P. M.; Convey, P.; Skotnicki, M.; Bergstrom, D. M. (2005). "Biological Invasions in the Antarctic: Extent, Impacts and Implications". Biological Reviews. 80 (1): 45–72. doi:10.1017/S1464793104006542. PMID 15727038. S2CID 5574897.
  170. ↑ Medina, F. M.; Bonnaud, E.; Vidal, E.; Tershy, B. R.; Zavaleta, E.; Josh Donlan, C.; Keitt, B. S.; Le Corre, M.; Horwath, S. V.; Nogales, M. (2011). "A global review of the impacts of invasive cats on island endangered vertebrates". Global Change Biology. 17 (11): 3503–3510. Bibcode:2011GCBio..17.3503M. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.701.4082. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02464.x. S2CID 323316.
  171. ↑ Nogales, M.; Martin, A.; Tershy, B. R.; Donlan, C. J.; Veitch, D.; Uerta, N.; Wood, B.; Alonso, J. (2004). "A Review of Feral Cat Eradication on Islands" (PDF). Conservation Biology. 18 (2): 310–319. Bibcode:2004ConBi..18..310N. doi:10.1111/j.1523-1739.2004.00442.x. hdl:10261/22249. S2CID 11594286. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 December 2019. Retrieved 24 September 2019.
  172. ↑ http://www.issg.org/database/species/ecology.asp?si=24&fr=1&sts=ssshttps://web.archive.org/web/20091027123405/http://www.issg.org/database/species/ecology.asp?si=24&fr=1&sts=sss
  173. ↑ Le Roux, Johannes J.; Foxcraft, Llewellyn C.; Herbst, Marna; Macfadyen, Sandra (19 August 2014). "Genetic analysis shows low levels of hybridization between African wildcats (Felis silvestris lybica) and domestic cats (F. s. catus) in South Africa". Ecology and Evolution. 5 (2): 288–299. doi:10.1002/ece3.1275. PMC 4314262. PMID 25691958. Archived from the original on 7 March 2022. Retrieved 14 November 2021
  174. ↑ Oliveira, R.; Godinho, R.; Randi, E.; Alves, P. C. (2008). "Hybridization Versus Conservation: Are Domestic Cats Threatening the Genetic Integrity of Wildcats (Felis silvestris silvestris) in Iberian Peninsula?". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. 363 (1505): 2953–2961. doi:10.1098/rstb.2008.0052. PMC 2606743. PMID 18522917.
  175. ↑ Doherty, T. S.; Glen, A. S.; Nimmo, D. G.; Ritchie, E. G.; Dickman, C. R. (2016). "Invasive predators and global biodiversity loss". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 113 (40): 11261–11265. Bibcode:2016PNAS..11311261D. doi:10.1073/pnas.1602480113. PMC 5056110. PMID 27638204.
  176. ↑ https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/262679891
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