Iankim keŋ kʋ'ʋlʋmin la

Bɛŋa

Paasim tɔ'ɔŋir suoya
Di yinɛ Wikipiidia
bean
common name, food ingredient
Subclass ofseed, diib, food crop, legume Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Natural product of taxonFabaceae Dɛmisim gbɛlima
Unicode character🫘 Dɛmisim gbɛlima

Bɛŋa anɛ biili wɛla banɛ an bʋnbʋtir bielif buudi wʋsa kanɛ bɛ Fabaceae buudi ni ka bɛŋid tiis wɛn. Ka an zɛnvaand diib ka saalib nɛ kɔnbid dit. Li dʋgʋb buudi zuoya, ba anɛ dʋgʋb kiimʋg, nɛ sɛnꞌɛb ka an buudi bɛdigʋ diib dunia nwa ni.Baŋid tiis la bɛnɛ zɛnma'asa lʋgʋr la ni, tibama buudi la ka'e tibɛda banɛ yuugida, ba ya'a wɛl ka ba pɔn' naae ba yiti kpinɛ. Bɛŋa anɛ zɛnwaad tis ninsaal bɛɛ bʋmkɔnbid diib[1] Di na nyaŋi kilim diibi bɛ zin'is bɛdigʋ[2]; dʋgʋb, kiimʋg, bɛɛ sɛn' wʋʋ bodobodo nɛ ka nidib bɛdigʋ mɔri maani ba buudi diib.

Bɛŋa tʋʋm

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Dinɛ mɔr ningbiŋ maalʋg la'ad laa, di gɔsid ningbiŋ bɛdim bɛllim, di tisid vʋm yuugir nɛ ban'as sieba nwɛnnɛ susunya wiim, nɛ sikir wiim wʋsa[3].

Pian'azut

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Pianꞌa zug nwa, “bɛŋir” nɛ lin sinꞌiŋ nɛ Germanic cognate ni la ( wʋʋ German Bohne)  da pʋn bɛ West Germanic languages pianꞌad naming ka 12 century la nyaan paae, ka pianꞌa zut ban anɛ bɛŋ-lamma, (broad beans), chickpeas nɛ bɛŋ sieba banɛɛ bɛ nwana pʋʋginPianꞌazug la gbipianꞌa zug nwa, “bɛŋir” nɛ lin sinꞌiŋ nɛ Germanic cognate ni la ( wʋʋ German Bohne)  da pʋn bɛ West Germanic languages pianꞌad naming ka 12 century la nyaan paae, ka pianꞌa zut ban anɛ bɛŋ-lamma, (broad beans), chickpeas nɛ bɛŋ sieba banɛɛ bɛ nwana pʋʋgin. Pianꞌaug linɛ an “bɛŋa” la anɛ German dim pianꞌad (Titυυnli, German Bohne) anɛ pianꞌaug linɛ da an West Germanic dim pianꞌad hali ka 12th century da nam pυ paae, (3) ka li gbin bigis ye bɛŋa nam bɛdigυ, bielim baanlυg chickpeasg, bɛŋ-bυυda nam banɛ bɛ. Nɛꞌ da naami yυυg hali ka ba da naam baŋ dunia genus Phaseolus linɛ Europe la. Columbian dim, Europe dim nɛ America dim n da tiꞌasid bυnbυυda nam la, ba da buonɛ li ye pod-borne bυnbυυda, ka li paꞌal ye bɛŋa kanɛ ka sɔꞌ wυsa miꞌ la nɛ bɛŋ-tɛɛnda, wala banɛ nwan wala buudi nam. Nannanna, ba nɔk pianꞌazug nwa n pυt bυnwanna titaꞌam banɛ nwan woo bɛŋa la pυt ye bɛŋa., (3)(4) ba sieba woo kikeugυn bɛŋa, bɛg-sabilla, nɛ sieba, hali nɛ banɛ pυ nwannɛ ba tituaa la, woo kɔfɛ bɛŋa, vanilla bɛŋa, kasta bɛŋa, nɛ kɔɔkɔ bɛŋa. Pianꞌazug “bɛŋa” nwa, ba tunꞌe nɔki li pυt bυnwanna kɔnꞌɔb-kɔnꞌɔb buudi.  [4]

Bυnbυυda linɛ buon ye “bɛŋa” la paas bυbυυda nam nɛ zυυdnam wυsa ni linɛ buon ye (bυnwanna),[3] laꞌamnɛ ba yυda la pυ dɔl taaba saŋa pamm ni la (hali ka ban mɔri ba tυm siꞌel la laꞌam bɛ kɔnꞌɔb-kɔnꞌɔb sυꞌυlυm nam pυυgin la). Pianꞌazuta ayi nwa, bɛŋa nɛ zυυd, anɛ banɛ ka ba ɛɛnti suꞌa ba gur kuob saŋa amaa bυnbυυda banɛ nyɛꞌɛnd tɛŋin ka ba bili an baanlυg la lɛɛ pυ paasɛ nɛ banɛ ka ba pυ mɔri ba tυm zυυd tυυma nam la (woo yaama nam kɔnꞌɔb-kɔnꞌɔb), woo yaammaꞌasa nam. United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization dim pianꞌa bigis “Bɛŋa, kυdυg” gbin (li pianꞌad saafi anɛ 176)[5] ye li tυmnɛ n bɛ Phaseolus ni maꞌaa. Nɛꞌ anɛ titυυnli kɔnꞌɔb-kɔnꞌɔb paꞌannɛ pianꞌad nɛ siꞌenam gbin n an siꞌem giŋa ti dunia nwa bɛllimin li yaꞌa kɛnɛ zυυdnam yɛla ni nɛ tinam na nɔk yυꞌυr yinnɛ pυt laꞌad bɛdigυ; Titυυnli pianꞌaug yinnɛ linɛ ka ti mɔri kpanbidi buon siꞌelnam bɛdigυ anɛ biilif, ka yɛlsida la anɛ ye n tɔɔsi anɛ bυnwanna, kpaadib ni amaa ka ba lɛɛ kpabi li laꞌasi buon ye zɛvaand. Kpinnim linɛ bɛ anɛ ye zɛvaand nam bɛdigυ ka ba buonnɛ ba ye bɛŋa, ba sieba anɛ , bɛŋ-tɛɛnda, bɛŋ-sabilla nɛ bɛŋ-waꞌanam nɛ akanitifolia (nwadig pυυgin bɛŋa), bama wυsa da laꞌasi anɛ Phaseolus amaa ka lin nyaꞌaŋ ka ba baki baa maa lin wυsa pυυgin la ba pυ bas ban da mɔri ba tυm siꞌel laa.

Li kuob

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Bɛŋa on pʋ nwɛn wʋʋ pea linɛ nwɛn wʋʋ bɛŋa laa, bɛŋa anɛ zʋʋd banɛ maan tituꞌaa tʋʋlʋg saŋa. Ba vaand la mɛn tisidi ba linɛ ka ba bɔɔd ka ba na nyaŋi maal sʋŋa ka pʋ bɔɔd bʋgʋlʋm wʋʋ zʋʋd banɛ kpɛlim laa. Ba biib nyain anɛ lin yi dabisim 55-60 lin yi ba bʋdʋb saŋa ti paae ba bʋnib saŋa.[6] Bɛŋa nwa mɛŋim yaꞌa ti niŋ paꞌadi naae, ba lɛbigidnɛ dɔnbʋʋnlʋm ka siꞌiŋi kʋdʋgid, ka bɛŋ-bielim linɛ bɛ paꞌad la pʋʋg la mɛ tiꞌak dianꞌam n lɛbig wiig bigis ye li kʋdigi ya tituꞌaa. Bɛŋa nam titaꞌam anɛ banɛ tɛɛnd, ka ti yaꞌa gɔsɛ zʋʋd bama nam buudi bɔɔd sʋŋir, li tunꞌe an ye ti bɔ daadi tiꞌel ka ba nyaŋi tiɛn dʋ. American dim titaꞌam ɛɛnti laꞌasi ba n bʋt nɛ kawanna nɛ zʋʋd sieba nam,[7] ka kawnna la waꞌalim la sʋŋ bɛŋa nam la ka ba nyaŋi tɛɛn dɔ maal tituaa.

Nannanna, “mɔɔgin bɛŋa” nyaŋidi yuꞌun nɔbigid hali ka pʋ lɛm bɔɔd ye ba tiꞌal o siꞌel ka o dɔɔ ka nyaŋi tɛnꞌ tituaa hali gaad banɛ ka ba nɔk daadi sʋŋi tiꞌa ba la.[8] Nɛꞌ zugu kɛ ka mɔɔgin bɛŋa mɔr daꞌa hali gaad bɛŋ-banɛ kpɛlim la.

Li sinꞌiŋir (labakʋda)

[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

Bɛŋa sʋm da anɛ ye,li da anɛ dikanɛ da tisid ziim kʋdimin sa la ti paae nananna nwa zʋmaaʋŋ dim yɛla ni, ka nan kpɛn an sʋm .Bɛŋa paas yiiga bʋnbʋtta banɛ ka ba da kuod. Bɛŋ-yalima, Broad beans, ka ba lɛn buon ye fava beans la bɛ nɛ ba mɔɔgin bɛllimin la ka zɛm wʋʋ nʋꞌʋbil fiinf nʋian nɛ, ka ba da paami li nɛ Afghanitan teŋgbaʋŋʋn nɛ Himalayan zouya lɛma ni,[9]

    Li yiiga kuob buudi Thailand teŋgbaʋŋʋn yʋʋma kɔbis yɔpɔi BCE, la ken sa, ka yaꞌad tʋʋʋma pʋn bɛ.[10] Ba da mɔr bɛŋa paasidi kumin nɛ mum Egypt kʋdʋg, teŋgbaʋŋʋn, ancient Egypt ka yʋʋma kɔbis yi BCE, la nyaan da paae ka ba kuo li la, bɛŋ-biela yalima da kpɛn Aegean sʋꞌʋlimin, Aegean region, Iberia nɛ transslpine Europe.[11] Iliad teŋin (century 8 BCE la ni) Bɛŋa nɛ chickpeas  yʋꞌʋr pʋdig ya zʋmaaŋ wʋsa ni ziemisin.[12]

    Yiiga mɔɔgin bɛŋa kanɛ ka ba da pinꞌili kuo America teŋin da yinɛ Guitarrero cave, Guitarrero kuglɛma ni, nɛ bʋnvʋya bɛllim  zinꞌis yɛla vɛɛnsigin Peru teŋin hali yʋʋma kɔbis yi la BCE[13] saŋa ni sa. Phaseolus bɛŋa buudi an siꞌem vɛɛnsʋg paꞌal ye li yinɛ Mesoamerica teŋin ka widigi kpɛn li ya-dagɔbʋg, laꞌam nɛ kawɛna, maize nɛ squash daam, bʋnbʋtta kanɛ ka ba da kuod hali.[14]

    Bɛŋa banɛ ka nidib dit titaꞌam zina nwa bɛdigʋ anɛ genus phaseolus la sieba, ka da yinɛ America teŋin. Europe nid onɛ da nyɛɛ ba yiiga da anɛ Chritopher Columbus on da gɔɔnd zinꞌi kanɛ da nwɛn wʋʋ Bahamas nɛ, ka nyɛ ka ba nɔbigid pɔɔdin.[15] Columbia kʋdʋg  buudi nidib da kuod phaseolus bɛŋa la buudi anu ba pɔɔdin: ba da kuod sɔꞌ wʋsa bɛŋa (P vulgaris) Chili teŋin ti paae ya-datiʋŋ zinꞌI kanɛ yʋʋn buon United States la; ka lima nɛ sieve bɛŋa (P lunatus) nɛ linɛ pʋ baꞌ bɛla teparies (P acutifolius), scarlet runner bɛŋa (P cococineus), polyanthus bɛŋa.[16]    

    Kʋdʋmin yin bɛŋa banɛ bɛ America ka ti mi' la da yinɛ Guitarrero Cave kanɛ an archaeological site linɛ bɛ Peru ni, ka bɛ hali paae millennium BCE kanɛ paas ayi' la ni na. Phaseolus banɛ vɛɛns bɛŋa yɛla la yɛl ye li yinɛ Mesoamerica ni na, ka yadigi la bi'el-bi'eli paae southward, la'am nɛ kawɛna nɛ squash zʋʋd bana ka ba bʋdit saŋa wʋsa.

    Bɛŋa buudi banɛ ka ti dit zina la paasi genus Phaseolus ni, linɛ yi America sʋ'ʋlʋmin na. Ka European dim daʋ kanɛ da nyɛɛ li yiiga da anɛ Christopher Columbus on da ieed ye o baŋ Bahamas la ka nyɛɛ ba mɔɔgin ka nɔbigid. Phaseolus bɛŋa buudi anu ka pre-Columbian dim da mɔri ba kʋli bʋdi ba yin ka ba lieb yin zʋʋd: bɛŋa banɛ ka nidib bɛdegʋ mi' (P. vulgaris) nɔbigi yi Chile ti paae United state ya-nya'aŋ; ka lima nɛ sieva bɛŋa (P. lunatus); nɛ teparies banɛ pʋ yadig zin'ig wʋsa la (P. acutifolius), nɛ scarlet runner bɛŋa (P. coccineus), nɛ polyanthus bɛŋa.

    Labaar yinnɛ kanɛ ka pre-Columbian kʋdʋmin nidib da sɔb bɛŋa yɛla sʋ'ʋŋa la yʋ'ʋri an "pu'asada atan' " tiig sɛɛb nɔɔr-yinnɛ suor: "pu'asada atan' " tiig sɛɛb nɔɔr-yinnɛ suor la bɛnɛ nimbanɛ bɛ lalli wʋʋ Atlantic ya-nya-aŋ Ku'om gbɛʋg la ni sa: Ka buudi bɛdegʋ la'am kuod bɛŋa bɛɛ zʋʋd banɛ du'ad bielim nɛ squash. Ba pʋ bʋrit Kawɛna la vuk-vuk wʋʋ bam bʋdi li European si'em laa, amaa li bʋditnɛ nɛ ti-gɛndis banɛ duodi agɔl pʋʋgin ka ba lal taaba wʋʋ nɔba makir ayuobʋ. Ba na bʋt bɛŋa la nɛ gilig ti-gɛndʋg la gbinnin ka ba nyaŋi nyɛ paalʋ duoe agɔl ti-gɛndʋg la ya'a zu'oe agɔl. American dim bɛŋa wʋsa saŋkan la da anɛ vine tiis; "mɔɔgin bɛŋa" da bʋtnɛ nannana. Kawɛn daʋg la anɛ sʋŋiri tis bɛŋa la, ka bɛŋa la mɛ tis Kawɛna la kʋ'ʋlʋm kanɛ li bɔɔd ka nyaŋi wal. Ka ba liꞌis squash kawɛna la ni pɔɔgin la. Kawɛna la na lusi ba biꞌela ka nintaŋ kʋ nwɛnꞌ ba, ka lus teŋ la titan la ka li kʋꞌʋlim la kʋ lieb walim yii, ka na guꞌ kɔnbid bɛdigʋ ka ba kʋ paae daam kawɛna la nɛ bɛŋa la, bɔzʋgɔ ba vaand la anɛ fura-fura, ka mɔri kɔnbʋlʋg, ka li vaand la an tiriba tiriba la, li tɔi nɛ kɛ ka bʋnkɔnbid wʋʋ gbambʋʋg nɛ ....... pʋ tunꞌoe kpɛnꞌɛdi li pʋʋginɛ, agaand pʋ sigidi li ni, ka li mɛ kat bʋnkɔnb sieba ka ba pʋ tunꞌoe kpɛnꞌɛdi li nii.

    Ba da kuob bɛŋa Chili teŋ wʋsa ni, Hispanic kʋdʋg saŋa la, hali laligi paae Chiloe Archipelago.[17]

    Bɛŋ kpiemis yinɛ bɛŋa buudi kʋda bʋn yalima la ni (fava beans) nɛ yuolʋŋ bɛŋa buudi la (kidney, black, cranberry, pinto,, navy/haricof).

    Bɛŋa buudi nam banɛ bɛ saŋa wʋsa

    [dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

    Diib nam bɛdigʋ banɛ ka ti buon ye “bɛŋa”, “legumes”, “lentils” nɛ “pulse” anɛ buudi yinne. Fabaceae (“leguminous” plant), ka lɛɛɛ yinɛ buudi kɔnꞌɔb-kɔnꞌɔb ni, li bɛ tens kɔnꞌɔb-kɔnꞌɔb, ka pʋdigi  gilig dunia nwa wʋsa ni, ka li anɛ zinꞌI kanɛ ka ba na nyaŋi ziꞌen.[18] Bɛŋa buudi bɛdigʋ vaand anɛ diib, li van maꞌasa la ( li wal la mɛŋ wʋsa, bɛŋ-bielif tunꞌoe bɛ wal la pʋʋg bɛɛ kae) bɛɛ waŋ la (bɛŋ-bielif kanɛ nam pʋ kpɛꞌɛŋɛ linɛ kpɛꞌɛŋ ka nan maꞌas, bɛɛ linɛ kpɛꞌɛŋ ka kʋdʋg). Bɛŋa buudi nam bɛdigʋ nwɛnɛ, ka nyaŋi ziꞌen temis bɛdigʋ dunia nwa wʋsa ni kɛ ka ba buudi kɔnꞌɔb-kɔnꞌɔb nam la yʋda mɔri nwɛnnim.

    Bɛŋ biela suab

    [dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

    Lin zaŋ 2023 yʋʋm la ni, the Norwegian Svalbard Global Seed Vault sɔs nɔɔrim 40,000  ka gbanꞌae  paꞌan ye, phaseolus bɛŋa buudi la yɛla.[19]

    Bɛŋa an siꞌem

    [dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

    Li malisim

    [dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

    Bɛŋa wal kanɛ nan an dɛnꞌɛm anɛ 90% kuꞌom, 7% carbohydrate, 2% protein, ka mɔri fat, kpaam biꞌela kanɛ pʋ baŋid ye li bɛɛ. bɛŋa 100 grams (3.5 oz) diib pʋʋgin nɛɛ, bɛŋa kanɛ nan dɛnꞌɛm la tittɛ calories 31 food energy ni, ka (10-19% Daily Value, DV) vitamin C (15% DV) nɛ Vitamin B6 (11% DV), ka lin lɛɛ zɛmis nɛ, li pʋ pɔɔda, li mɛ pʋ zuꞌoe galisɛ, ka micronutrients sieba pʋ lɛm bɛ saa.

    Bɛŋa banɛ pʋ mɔri malisimm

    [dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

    Bɛŋa buudi bɛdigʋ, wʋʋ sianif bɛŋa la pʋ mɔri malisim, antinutrients ka an banɛ kɛt ka diib kanɛ niŋgbina la pʋ nyaŋi tʋm sʋꞌʋm. phytic acid nɛ phylates, banɛ bɛ ki naming, wala, biili nɛ bɛŋa, guꞌudi kɔnba kpɛꞌɛgir nɛ Vitamin D tʋʋma. Edward Milianby, 1939 yʋʋm la ni, an onɛ da pinꞌili vɛɛns phytic acid daamig diibin.[20][21]

    Nimsaꞌasim yɛla

    [dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

    Bʋnbɛꞌɛd nam

    [dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

        Gbana la mɛŋ: phytohaemagglutinin nɛ soybean agglutinin  

    Bɛŋa buudi sieba bʋmbɛꞌɛd nam linɛ mɔri daamʋg, kanɛ pʋ baŋid diibi nɛ:lectin phytoheamagglutinin, linɛ an tilas ye li yisi bas, ka li na dɔlis nɛ dʋdʋbi nɛ yi. Kidney beans zian mɛŋ la anɛ bʋmbɛꞌɛd, amaa buudi sieba mɛ an bɛꞌɛd diibin, food poisoning. Laꞌam nɛ li yaꞌ anɛ biꞌel biꞌel (bɛŋa 4 bɛɛ 5) tunꞌoe kɛ ka pʋ-zabir naam, tiind naam, nɛ saan banꞌas. Bɛꞌɛd kaŋa pʋ bɛ kʋŋkɔna bɛŋa la nii, bɔzugɔ, ban pʋn dʋg nɛ sa. Bɛŋa sʋꞌʋm ka li dʋgʋ paae wʋʋ minti piiga; bɛŋa yaꞌ pʋ dʋgʋ biꞌigɛ, li bɛꞌɛd la gat lin na pʋ dʋgɛ.[22]

    Yaꞌ dʋgʋd bɛŋa ka pʋ kɛ ka li lɛꞌɛd biꞌel biꞌel la, ka bugum la tʋʋlʋg pʋ an biꞌela, slow cooker li kʋ nyaŋi saꞌami li bɛꞌɛd laa.[23] Butter beans, bɛŋa la daanmɔg da yi falafel labaya ni; ba da zaŋi bɛŋ banɛ wʋꞌʋl ka yaae li yadig li pʋ dʋgʋda, ka gmi'a lii kiim dʋg-Pɛŋ pʋʋgin, shallow fried ka lɛɛ bas bɛŋ biel yalima, broad beans la bɛɛ chickpeas.[24]

    Nimaꞌasim tʋʋma lʋgʋr la pʋ miꞌ bɛŋa bɛꞌɛd la sʋꞌʋŋaa, kɛ ka ba pʋ vɛɛnsidi li yɛla tiꞌebig zinꞌisi nɛ, bɛɛ ba ziꞌ pian li yɛlaa;  kɛ ka lin daam sieba pʋ baŋida. UK teŋgbaʋg zug Nationl Poisons Information Service la zinꞌigin nɛɛ, nimaꞌasim tʋmtʋmnib maꞌaa mɔri bɛŋ zian bɛꞌɛd baŋirɛ, li da pʋ flagg 2008 yʋʋm la nii.[25]

    Fermentation, Africa teŋ sieba ni, ba miꞌilim nɛ bɛŋa, ye li paasi li malisim la, ka yisi li bɛꞌɛd la. Miꞌilʋŋ kanɛ pʋ mɔri sammɛ paasid nɛ malisim la paŋ li yaꞌ an bɛŋ-zɔꞌɔm ka kɛ ka li tʋʋma pʋʋrin la an sʋꞌʋm; vɛɛnsʋg kanɛ ka Emire Shimelis paasi li ni, Food and Engineering Program, Addis Ababa teŋin University.[26] Bɛŋa an dikanɛ tisid niŋgbiʋŋ nɔbigiri, protein gat di banɛ kpɛlim la Kenya, Malawi Tanzania, Uganda nɛ Zambia temisin.[27]

    Bɛŋ vaand mɔr bʋnvʋ bɛꞌɛdnam

    [dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

    Nidib bʋt bɛŋa, beanssprouts, kɛt ka mung beans buudi la bul teŋ maꞌasir kanɛ tʋl waam ni. Bɛŋ vaand mɔri dʋgid diib, bɛɛ dii li kansir bɛɛ li yaꞌa waai, banꞌas buudi naam ya, outbreak of disease, ka li yinɛ bʋnvʋ bɛꞌɛd kanɛ kpɛnꞌ bɛŋa ni, ka li anɛ salmonella, listeria nɛ Escherichia coli, bɛŋ vaand yaꞌ pʋ dʋgi biꞌigɛ,[28] ka li sieba taꞌasid kum.[29]

    Binfaasim

    [dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

    Bɛŋa banɛ an diib bɛdigʋ, laꞌam nɛ bɛŋ biel yalima la, kuꞌomin bɛŋa la, nɛ soybeans mɔri oligosaccharides (raffinose nɛ stachyose maꞌaa), buudi kanɛ mɔri sikir ka mɛ bɛ cabbage ni. Linɛ na saꞌam oligosaccharides enzyme paŋ la buudim bɛ linɛ na kɛ ka sikir bama tʋm sʋꞌʋŋa. Ninsaal pʋʋri tʋm nɛ diib siꞌem la, li pʋ mɔri linɛ na sanꞌam bɛꞌɛd banɛ sig pʋʋrin  la paŋa, ka bacterial lɛɛ tumꞌoe li tʋʋma nyɔbɛda la ni. Diib la nɛɛmig yisid pɛbisim, wʋʋ methane, ka li yinɛ diibin la, ka yʋʋn lieb binfaansim, flatulence.[30][31][32][33]

    Lin  kuod siꞌem

    [dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]

         Gbaʋŋ la mɛŋ: Legume & Production

    FAO yisid bɛŋa kuob yɛla paꞌan, ka li bɛ nɛ zinꞌis buudi atan:

       1. pulse dry: yaꞌ yis soybeans nɛ suma, bɛŋa buudi wʋsa banɛ kpɛlim la, biela banɛ kpɛꞌɛŋ ka kʋʋdʋg la.

       2. Oil crops: soybeans nɛ suma.

      3. Fresh vegetables: bɛŋa buudi wʋsa vaan mɛma.

    FAO labaar la wʋsa bɛ teŋir bi'ela la.[34]

    Bɛŋa buudi wʋsa kuob (million metric tons)

    [dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]
    Bɛŋa kuob (million metric tons)
    Zʋʋd

    [FAO code][35]

    		 1961 1981 2001 2015 2016 Ratio

    2016 /1961

    		 pian'ad
    Total pulses (dry) [1726] 40.78 41.63 56.23 77.57 81.80 2.01 Per capita production had decreased.

    (Population increase was 2.4×)

    Kpaam zʋʋd (dry)
    Soybeans [236] 26.88 88.53 177.02 323.20 334.89 12.46 Drastic increase driven by the demand for animal feeds and oil.
    Groundnuts, with shell [242] 14.13 20.58 35.82 45.08 43.98 3.11
    Van-ma'asa (80–90% water)
    Beans, green [414] 2.63 4.09 10.92 23.12 23.60 8.96
    Peas, green [417] 3.79 5.66 12.41 19.44 19.88 5.25
    Banɛ kuodi di bɛdegʋ, Wʋsa= [1726][36] (million metric tons)
    Teŋ 2016 pʋʋr pian'ad
    Total 81.80 100%
    1 India 17.56 21.47%
    2 Canada 8.20 10.03%
    3 Myanmar 6.57 8.03%
    4 China 4.23 5.17%
    5 Nigeria 3.09 3.78%
    6 Russia 2.94 3.60%
    7 Ethiopia 2.73 3.34%
    8 Brazil 2.62 3.21%
    9 Australia 2.52 3.09%
    10 USA 2.44 2.98%
    11 Niger 2.06 2.51%
    12 Tanzania 2.00 2.45%
    Others 24.82 30.34%
    Tɛmis piiga banɛ kuod bɛŋa gat, 2020[37]
    Teŋ Zʋʋd

    (tonnes)

    		 Footnote
    India 5,460,000 F
    Myanmar 3,053,012
    Brazil 3,035,290 A
    United States 1,495,180 *
    China 1,281,586
    Tanzania 1,267,648 F
    Mexico 1,056,071
    Kenya 774,366 F
    Argentina 633,823 *
    Uganda 603,980
    Dunia wʋsa 27,545,942 A

    Gbanvɛɛnsa

    [dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]
    1. ↑ https://www.myplate.gov/eat-healthy/vegetables
    2. ↑ https://cooking.nytimes.com/guides/21-how-to-cook-beans
    3. ↑ https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/easy-ways-to-use-beans
    4. ↑ added new content
    5. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20181012031118/http://www.fao.org/ES/faodef/FAODEFE.HTM
    6. ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=zWW4AQAAQBAJ&q=bean+maturity+55%E2%80%9360+days&pg=PA452
    7. ↑ LA'AD NAAN KAE
    8. ↑ https://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/artdec13macro/Gerhardt_Final.pdf
    9. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bean#cite_note-9
    10. ↑ https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:34052655
    11. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0199549060
    12. ↑ "And as in some great threshing-floor go leaping From a broad pan the black-skinned beans or peas." (Iliad xiii, 589).
    13. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-205-40621-0
    14. ↑ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3325731
    15. ↑ Kaplan, p. 30: Domestication, besides involving selection for larger seed size, also involved selection for pods that did not curl and open when ripe, scattering the beans they contained.
    16. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bean#cite_note-16
    17. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789569120022
    18. ↑ https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/legumes-pulses/
    19. ↑ https://www.seedvault.no/about/the-seeds/
    20. ↑ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1264631
    21. ↑ http://www.westonaprice.org/health-topics/living-with-phytic-acid/
    22. ↑ https://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodSafety/FoodborneIllness/FoodborneIllnessFoodbornePathogensNaturalToxins/BadBugBook/ucm071092.htm
    23. ↑ https://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodSafety/FoodborneIllness/FoodborneIllnessFoodbornePathogensNaturalToxins/BadBugBook/ucm071092.htm
    24. ↑ https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-families/features/beware-of-the-beans-how-beans-can-be-a-surprising-source-of-food-poisoning-931862.html
    25. ↑ https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-families/features/beware-of-the-beans-how-beans-can-be-a-surprising-source-of-food-poisoning-931862.html
    26. ↑ https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2621.2006.01506.x
    27. ↑ http://www.scidev.net/fr/climate-change-and-energy/tsunami/news/actualit-s-d-afrique-sub-saharienne-en-bref-du-25-.html
    28. ↑ https://www.foodsafety.gov/keep/types/fruits/sprouts.html
    29. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20170315061038/http://ecdc.europa.eu/en/activities/sciadvice/_layouts/forms/Review_DispForm.aspx?ID=602&List=a3216f4c%2Df040%2D4f51%2D9f77%2Da96046dbfd72
    30. ↑ http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/4943486.stm
    31. ↑ http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/Flatulence/Pages/Introduction.aspx?url=Pages/What-is-it.aspx
    32. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0684843285
    33. ↑ https://archive.org/details/isbn_9783540674665/page/14
    34. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bean#cite_note-44
    35. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legume#Classification
    36. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bean#cite_note-46
    37. ↑ http://www.fao.org/es/faodef/fdef04e.htm
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