Accra
| Part of | Ghanaian Coastal Plain  |
|---|---|
| Native label | Nkran |
| Demonym | Accran, Accréen, Accréenne |
| Official language | English |
| Country | Ghana |
| Capital of | Ghana, Greater Accra Region, Gold Coast Colony |
| Located in the administrative territorial entity | Greater Accra Region |
| Located in time zone | UTC±00:00, Greenwich Mean Time |
| Located in or next to body of water | Gulf of Guinea |
| Coordinate location | 5°32′46″N 0°12′24″W |
| Office held by head of government | Mayor of Accra |
| Head of government | Elizabeth K.T. Sackey |
| Replaces | Cape Coast |
| Official website | https://ama.gov.gh |
| Time of earliest written record | 15. century |
| Local dialing code | 0302, 0302 |
| Category for the view of the item | Category:Views of Greater Accra |
| Category for maps or plans | Category:Maps of Accra |
Accra[1] (/əˈkrɑː/; Ga: Ga or Gaga; Twi: Nkran; Dagbani: Ankara) anɛ teŋpʋtita'ar nɛ teŋpʋʋg kani gat teŋpʋʋd wʋsa Ghana nwa ni, di bɛnɛ ya-[2]dagɔbʋgi kpi'e Gulf of Guinea la, dinɛ pɛ'ɛs Atlantic Ocean ni. Yʋʋm 2021 nidib kanlʋg la nii, Accra Metropolitan District, 20.4 km2 (7.9 sq mi), mɔri nidib kanl wʋʋ 284,124, ka tita'ar Greater Accra Region, 3,245 km2 (1,253 sq mi), mɔr nidib kanl wʋʋ 5,455,692. Yʋ'ʋr la na'ana buolʋg, "Accra" anɛ zin'isia bɛ Accra Metropolitan District pʋʋgin ka di da bɛ ka yʋʋm 2008 , dinɛ ka di pɛ'ɛs 199.4 km2 (77.0 sq mi).[3][4] Zin'ikaŋa da pʋdʋgnɛ paam zi'is 13; 12 municipal sʋ'ʋlim banɛ sʋe ba mɛŋ (teŋ la bɛn: 179.0 km2) nɛ Accra Metropolitan District kani ka ba bʋ'oe (20.4 km2), dinɛ an sʋ'ʋlim kani bɛ teŋpʋʋg dinɛ ka ba tisi ba teŋpʋvɛnlim.[5] Teŋkani mɔr 199.4 km2 la mɔr nidib 1,782,150 nidib kanl kani da bɛ 2021 nidib kanl la ni,[6] ka Ghana wʋsa teŋpʋtita'ar, ka sʋ'ʋlʋm bani bɛ Accra Metropolitan Assembly pʋʋgin la (20.4 km2) bεɛ di kɔn' nɛ teŋpʋʋs bama la ni an "City of Accra".[7]
Di da pin'ilɛ yit sʋ'ʋlimnam kɔn'ɔb-kɔn'ɔb bɛ British Fort James, Dutch Fort Crêvecoeur (Ussher Fort), nɛ Danish Fort Christiansborg saŋa bɛ Jamestown, Usshertown, nɛ Christiansborg ni, Accra da an teŋpʋtita'ar bɛ British Gold Coast saŋa yit yʋʋm 1877 nɛ 1957 ni, ka di yʋ'ʋn da nɔbignɛ an nanna metropolis. Teŋpʋʋg la architecture bigisi di pin'ilʋg, pin'il 19th-century colonial architecture tis nanna skyscrapers nɛ dɔgbɛɛnda.[8]
Accra an Greater Accra Region's economic nɛ administrative hub, ka lɛm an anchor tis tita'ar Greater Accra Metropolitan Area (GAMA),[9] dinɛ mɔr nidib wʋʋ miliyon 4, kɛt ka di an metropolitan kani pɛ'ɛs piinɛ atan' bɛ Africa ni. 2020 nii, Globalization nɛ World Cities Research Network gaŋ Accra ka di an "Gamma" − teŋpʋʋg kani ka dunia nidib ken, bigisid ye nidib lʋga anaasi kpɛn'ɛdi anina.[10]
Din Pin’il si’em
[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]Accra yinɛ Kambʋnnir pian’ʋk kanɛ an Nkran ka di gbin an “gunya” la, ka di yinɛ ban da nyɛ ka gunya mɛ dɔɔg Accra la.[11] Yʋ’ʋr la bɛnɛ tis gunya, ka kambʋmis la da nɔk yʋ’ʋr la tis teŋ la nɛ nidib la wʋsa.[12][13]
Ga nam la buon Accra nɛ Ga bɛɛ Gaga, di anɛ yinne tis Ga nam la nɛ Kambʋmis la.
Sansieba, ba ɛɛnti buon pian’ʋk la nwɛnɛ nyɔya ni vuud bɛɛ di pʋʋgin Gan bɛɛ Gangan.
Onɛ zamis kʋdʋmin sa yɛla, Carl Christian Reindorf mɛ tikki tis ban pin’il si’em la ye di anɛ sida, ka pa’an tɔ’ɔŋir kanɛ bɛ gunya gɔɔnd si’em nɛ Ga nam la da yi zin’i si’a kena zin’in ban bɛ zin’isi’a la. Tɔ’ɔŋir kanɛ bɛ gunya da pin’il si’em la mɔr kpinnim nɛ gunya gɔsi ba dɔɔd ka di an kasi zin’ig si’em la. Ka ba ɛɛnti mɛɛ (aklabatsa) giŋi di, mɛ wa’ banɛ da dilig Accra la, ba da nyɛ di ka di anɛ nidib sʋ’ʋlim nam ka lɛn an dinɛ tɔ’ɔŋ banɛ vui nɛ banɛ kpi la.[12]
Ga nam la nɔk gunbanɛ an sabil-wiid la ye di pa’al paŋ nɛ ban da zabi nyaŋ banɛ pian’ad Guang ka bɛ Accra plains la.[14]
Ga nɛ Akan mɔr nwɛnɛm, di anɛ pian’ʋk yinne kanɛ ka [g] nwɛn nɛ [k] Kambʋnirin.[15] Ga mɛ nɔki di yʋ’ʋri tis Ga district nam banɛ bɛ Accra la.[16]
Accra sɔb la anɛ Kambʋmisi da nɔki tis Na’asaanam. Danes nam la da sɔbʋg Accra yiiga nɛ Akra.[17][18]
Labakʋda
[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]Ga buudi mɛŋir la, Tumgwa anɛ banɛ ka Ayi Kushie da mɔri ba yi dɔlis mu’ar la. Guang nimbanɛ da bɛ lɔ’ɔm la da nyɛɛ ba, ba aarima ni mu’arin la, ba da nwɛnɛ gunya nɛ. Dinzug ka Lartens la da buoli ba ye Nkran (gunya). Nya’aŋ ka Na’asaanam la da san’ami Nkran la, ka ba yʋ’ʋm buoni Accra keŋ paae zina.
Nkran nɛ Ga pian’adin anɛ Gaga, din nya’aŋ ka ba pin’ili buoni ba mɛŋ ye Ga. Ga nam banɛ giligid la da an si’em la zug, ka banɛ da zin’i ani la, Lartehs da tiak zin’igi keŋi Akuapem sʋ’ʋlim.
Kʋdʋmʋn la, Accra da anɛ Kpiisʋg tensʋk, zin’ibanɛ ka ba da kpiisid la anɛ Ada nɛ Prampram, la’anɛ Dodowa nɛ Akuse. Dutch nam la da mɛ Ussher Fort kanɛ kpi’e la, ka British nɛ Swedes mɛ da mɛ James Fort nɛ Christianburg castle nam. 17th century la ni, Portugal, France nɛ Denmark, da mɛ fort nam tempʋʋg la ni.
Britain da anɛ tenkanɛ ka tɛɛns wʋsa da mɔr bɔɔdim din yi 1951 saŋa Denmarki da ku’os Christianburg (dinɛ ka ba da da’ yi Swdes la) nɛ bam mɛŋ fortnami tis British la. Netherland dimi da yuolim nya’aŋi ku’osi ba la’ad, yʋʋm tusir, kɔbisnii nɛ pisyɔpɔi nɛ atan (1973) la ni. Yʋʋm tusir, kɔbisnii nɛ pisyɔpɔi nɛ atan (1983) la nii, British nɛ Kambʋmisi da zabid la yʋma piiga baba nya’aŋ, Na’asaanam la da zaba faaen Kumasi, ka san’am tempʋʋg la luosieba. British la yʋ’ʋn da zabi faaen Accra yʋʋm tusir, kɔbisnii nɛ pisyɔpɔi nɛ anaasi (1974) la ni ka yʋʋm tusir, kɔbisnii nɛ pisyɔpɔi nɛ ayɔpɔi (1977) la ni, Anloga-Asante zabkanɛ paasi ayi’ la nya’aŋ ka Accra yʋ’ʋn da di’e Cape Coasti an Gold Coast tempʋtita’ar. Gban’akaŋa da yinɛ Accra da kʋdʋg ka mɔr tʋʋlʋg fʋ ya’a da maki di nɛ Cape Coast. Keŋ paae zina, Accra sʋ’ʋlim la wʋsa da mɛnɛ gilig din yi Ussher ti paaedi ya-nya’aŋ ka Korle Lagoon bɛ di ya-tuona.[19]
Ban da yis Gold Coast tempʋtita’ar la yi Cape Coast lɛbis Accra (yʋʋm tusir, kɔbisnii nɛ pisyɔpɔi nɛ ayɔpɔi (1977) la ni la, Britain nɛ European dim kanl da maligim paas Accra hali Christianburg baba (Osu, Ministries, Ridge, Labone nɛ Cantonments) yʋ’ʋm pin’il, ka tempʋʋg la yʋ’ʋn yaligi paas ka nidib banɛ kena la nyaŋi kpɛn’. Ba da maal Victoriaborg nɛ 19th Century la ni ka di an zin’ikanɛ ka Europe dim la bɛ ka sɔ’ pʋ gɛndigidi baa, ka di bɛ tempʋʋg la ya-dagɔbʋg baba. Accra titɔndig da lɛm maligim yalig ya’as yʋʋm tusir, kɔbiswai nɛ anii (1908) la ni. Yaligir kaŋa da anɛ dinɛ ka bam aal buudi-buudi bɛn, ye di sʋŋ ka banɛ an buudi yinɛ la’asi zin’i babir yinne ka di yis mugusʋg kanɛ bɛ temppʋʋgin la. Ani ka ba da maali Adabraka lɛbis tempʋʋg la ya-dagɔbʋg baba.[20]
Gban’asʋŋ kanɛ ka ba da maal ka di tiak tempʋʋg la zi’esim anɛ ban da maal Accra nɛ Kumasi ziriga pal la yʋʋm tusir, kɔbiswai nɛ anii (1908) la ni. Nɛ’ anɛ di tɔ’ɔŋ Accra, teŋ la tempʋtita’akanɛ mɔr port sankan la, nɛ Ghana region kanɛ kuod koko gaad banɛ kpɛlim la wʋsa. Yʋʋm tusir, kɔbiswai nɛ pisi nɛ atan (1923) la nii, ba da naae ziriga pal la, ka yʋʋm tusir, kɔbiswai nɛ pisi nɛ anaasi la ni kooko da an dinɛ ka Ghana mɔri yit tensieba kuosid.
Na’asaanam la da kɛ ka Accra an din da an si’em la sankan win. Tituunli anɛ ban da mɔr bakir tis banɛ an Europe dim sʋ’ʋlʋm ba kɔn’ nɛ ninsabilis sʋ’ʋlim di kɔn’ ka wadkaŋa da naam Yʋʋm tusir, kɔbiswai nɛ pisi nɛ atan (1923) ni, ka mɛɛb wʋsa da nar ye ba nɔk kuga bɛɛ konkiret la. La’anɛ zi’elis bama da bɛ la, Europe dim la da ti’ebnɛ ye ba zaŋi ba ligiid kpɛn’ɛs Gold Coast temmaalʋg yɛla ni ka sʋŋ nidib tʋʋma. Nɛ’ da kpɛlim anɛ ala hali ti paae Sir Frederick Gordon Guggisberg saŋa ka o zaŋ sʋ’ʋlkʋm atan’ la (Osu, La nɛ Jamestown) la’as taaba ka di yʋ’ʋn lieb Accra an si’em nananna la. Guggisberg gɔmina saŋa la ka ba da tiaki maal Accra yʋ’ʋn tɔ’ɔŋ si’em pʋ atan ka ba an Tudu, Adabraka nɛ Asylum Down la.
Tʋʋmbanɛ ka Guggisberg da tʋm sieba anɛ o da mɛ teriko buŋ Korle Lagoon la yʋʋm tusir, kɔbiswai nɛ pisi nɛ atan (1923) la ni ka di yɔ’ɔg paalʋ kanɛ bɛ di lɔ’ɔm la ka di lieb nidib bɛllim zin’ig. Guggisberg mɛ da gɔsya ka ba mɛ sibiti tita’ar dinɛ an Korle-Bu nɛ sekondari sakur kanɛ an Achimota. Bʋnkaŋa da kɛya ka Accra nidib kanl maligim paas bɛdegʋ ka di yinɛ nidibi naan teŋkpɛmisin ken’ tempʋʋgʋn na ka British kpikpikpinnib mɛ kpɛn’ɛna paas la.
Dunia wʋsa zaba ayi la nya’aŋ
[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]Yʋma banɛ da dɔl duna wʋsa zabkanɛ paasi ayi la nii, ba da gban’e ye nimbanɛ da bɛ ridge nɛ Cantonments la zin’ikanɛ nam pʋ nɔbʋgɛ tis Europe dim la, ka banɛ bɛ teŋkpɛmisin ka nam pʋ paas Accra la, an nwɛnɛ Nima nɛ tembanɛ giligi di wʋsa. Sʋ’ʋlʋm bama maalʋg ni, gɔmena la da pʋ nɔki o nini digili anina ka nidib la pɛ’ɛli gaad zin’ig la nar ye di nɔk nidib si’em.
Accra zin’ikanɛ mɛ lɛn nɔk zi’esim kaŋa buudi sankan anɛ Central Business District (CBD). Ba da mɛ Gɔmena tʋʋma dɔɔd nɛ suor nɔɔrin.
Dinɛ paas anɛ ye, da’adiisim yɛla nɔbʋgʋ paas la kɛya ka nidib yʋ’ʋm mɛɛ ba tʋʋma zin’isi CBD la ni.
Yʋʋm tusir, kɔbʋswai nɛ pisnaasi nɛ naasi (1944) nii, onɛ da gɔsid Accra maalʋg yɛla, Maxwell Fry, da gban’e gban’akanɛ ka BDW Treavallion nɛ Alan Food da tiaki di yʋʋm tusir, kɔbiswai nɛ pisnu nɛ anii (1958) la ni.
La’anɛ ban da pʋ dɔl Fry nɛ Treavallion gban’ar la, di da pa’al British la mɔr pʋtɛn’ɛsi ye bam aal Accra.
Yʋʋm tusir, kɔbʋswai nɛ pisnaasi nɛ anii (1948) nii, Ghana kpɛlim bɛnɛ Britain dim nu’usin dɔlisid Dunia wʋsa zabkanɛ paasi ayi la. Osu Alata Na’ab Nii Kobina Bonney onɛ paasi atan la, da gban’e ye ba da lɛm mɔr Europe la’adi kpɛn’ teŋ la wʋsa nii la’ad ligiid dʋ la zug.[21] Sankan mɛn ka banɛ da yi zaba la da mɔɔd ye ba di’e ba yɔɔd banɛ ka ba da zi’el nɔɔr ye ba yɔɔ ba la.[22] Soogia kʋda banɛ da pʋ mɔr zaba la’ad la da lɔb nu’usi gilig Accra Christianborg Castle, yʋʋm tusir, kɔbiswai nɛ pisnaasi nɛ anii, Fulunfuug dabpisi nɛ anii daar (28th February, 1948). Ba gban’ar da anɛ ye ba nɔki ba pʋtɛn’ɛri tis gɔmena la ye o tisi ba yɔɔd kanɛ nari ba. Fassi ka ba paae Castle la, ka ba nwɛ’ ba nɛ malifʋ Na’asaapʋlis la kadi ba ye ba widigim la nya’aŋ. Banɛ da lɔbid nu’us la kpɛɛmnam atan ka ba da kʋ, la’anɛ Sergeant Nii Adjetey, onɛ ka ba tiedi o yɛla Accra.
Fry nɛ Treavallion Gban'ar
[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]Fry nɛ Treavallion plan gban’ar la nii, ba da lɛm maligim maal CBD, nɛ tembanɛ bɛ bɔn’ɔgʋn la maalʋg yɛla. Ban da bɔɔd ye ba maligim maal CBD la, banɛ gban’ad la da maal suokanɛ wa’ae Fort Ussher datiʋŋ baba la.
CBD kanɛ ka ba nam maligim maal la nya’aŋ baba, banɛ gɔsidi di yɛla la da gban’e ye ba nya’al paalʋ anina, ba maal dikuosim zin’ig, di’ema zin’ig, nɛ ninwisigir zin’is. Ya’asa, Britain nimbanɛ gɔsid zin’ig la yɛla da gban’e ye ba mɛ nidib la’asʋg zin’ig, vɛnlim zin’is ka mɛ nidib zanbina zi’el tempʋʋg la wʋsa ni. Ka mɛ Wadmaannib yitita’ar tempʋʋg la tensʋk. Ba’asʋgɔɔ, Fry nɛ Treavallion gban’ar la da lɛn anɛ ye ba maal sʋ’ʋlʋm banɛ bɛ bɔn’ɔgʋn la ka ba paas Europe nidib la bɛ zin’isi’a ka di yʋ’ʋr buon Victoriaborg ka lɛm mɛ vʋ’ʋsʋg zin’igi tis banɛ nini nie la. Amaa, Na’asaanam la da bas Gold Coast ka Fry nɛ Treavallion gban’ar la pʋ nyaŋi tʋm.
Nkrumah Gban’ar
[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]Nkrumah da lieb Ghana yiiga gɔmena la yʋʋm tusir, kɔbiswai nɛ pisnu nɛ ayɔpɔi la, o da gban’e on mɛŋ suokanɛ ka o bɔɔd ye dɔlisi maal Accra sʋ’ʋŋa. On da na maal zin’igi tis banɛ nini nie la, Nkrumah da mɔɔɔdnɛ ye o maan dinɛ na kɛ ka o nidib la mɔr si’ir nɛ ban yi teŋsi’a nɛ Africa tɛmis wʋsa nidib.[23]
On na mɛɛ pɔlis zin’ivɛnla ka lɛm mɛ wadamaannib yitita’ar la, Nkrumah da gban’enɛ ka mɛ zin’isʋma nwɛnɛ Independence Square, the State House, nɛ Organisation of African Unity dɔɔd, ka lɛn maligim maal Christianborg Castle. Nkrumah da gban’e ye bas tembanɛ bɛ bɔn’ɔdin la wala, ka di da kɛ ka nidib yisi ba pʋtɛnda lɛb Community Centre bɛɛ Independence Square la ni, ka di ta’as ka zin’isa ayi bama anɛ banɛ mɔr nyɔɔd pamm tis teŋ la. Nkruma gban’ar la da pʋ dɔlisid suor nwɛnɛ Fry nɛ Treavallion gban’ar la da an si’em la; Na’asaanam la da gban’e ye ba kɛ ka nidib da la’asi pɛ’ɛl zin’ig yinne nwɛnɛ CBD la, Nkrumah gban’ar la da bas ka nidib la’asi pɛ’ɛl zin’ig yinne kpiisig nɛ da’adiisim yɛla, ka nidib mɛ yit tɛɛns nɛ zin’is kɔn’ɔb-kɔn’ɔbi la’asi pɛ’ɛl James Town.
Accra tempʋʋg la mɛŋ-mɛŋ anɛ zin’ibanɛ ka British nam, Danish nɛ Dutch dim fort nam la da bɛ kʋdʋmin lal. James Town kpi’enɛ British James Fort, Osu kpi’enɛ Danish fort kanɛ yʋ’ʋri an Christiansborg (ka ba yʋ’ʋm buon ye Osu Castle), ka Ussherstown kpi’e nɛ Dutch Ussher fort.
Zin’ivɛnlla banɛ bɛ ani sieba anɛ National Museum of Ghana, Ghana Academy of Arts and Sciences, National Archives of Ghana nɛ Ghana's central library, National Theatre, Accra Centre for National Culture, nɛ Jamestown Lighthouse.
Wadmaannib yir, Supreme Court of Ghana, Black Star Square nɛ Bank of Ghana anɛ zin’ibanɛ mɛ bɛ Accra.
Tempʋʋg la mɛ mɔr suobanɛ ka nidib dɔlli nwied, Kotoka International Airport, nɛ ziriga suoya banɛ tɔ’ɔŋ tembama Tema, Sekondi-Takoradi nɛ Kumasi. Accra yʋ’ʋn anɛ zin’ikanɛ ka Ghana nidib nɛ tensieba nidib wʋsa kpɛn’ɛdi maan kpikpiŋ ka sɔnsʋdi gban’ad kpiisʋg suoya nwɛnɛ, BarCamp Ghana series, ka GhanaThink Foundation da maal la.[24]
Din bɛ zin’isi’a
[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]Dɔlisid din bɛ zin’isi’a Dahomey Gap la ni, zin’ikanɛ ka Gulf of Guinea nɛ Atlantic Occean la dɔl taaba ken ka pɛbisim da’ad la, Accra bɛnɛ zin’ikanɛ mɔr tʋʋlʋg bi’ela ka di mɔr ʋʋn nɛ sɛɛʋng. yʋʋm pʋʋgʋn sakanɛ niid Accra na nwɛnɛ 730 mm, dinɛ niid Ghana sɛɛʋng nam ayi la saŋa. Sɛɛʋng la mɛŋ pin’innɛ nwadisa anaasi la ni ka ti naae nwadisa ayɔpɔi la tensʋk, ka sɛnkanɛ paasi ayi la pin’in nwadis piiga la ni. Saa ɛɛnti ni ka da’ pɛbisim hali kadi kɛ ka ku’om di zin’isieba ka ku’osuoya san’am.
Yʋʋm la pʋʋgʋn mɔr tia’asʋg tʋʋlʋg bɛɛ waad ni. Zin’ig la tʋʋlʋg yinɛ 25.9 °C (78.6 °F) nwadisa anii la ni (wama’asim saŋa) ti paae 29.6 °C (85.3 °F) nwadisa atan la ni (tʋʋlʋg saŋa), ka di yʋʋm la pʋʋgʋn wʋsa na an 27.6 °C (81.7 °F).[25] Waad saŋa la ɛɛnti mɔr ma’asim gaad tʋʋlʋg saŋa, dinɛ an ʋʋn ka nintaŋ lɛm bɛ ya’as la. Alazug, tʋʋlʋg saŋa, nɛ pɛbisʋg saŋa, tempʋʋg la ɛɛnti anɛ dinɛ pɛ’ɛl nɛ pɛbiskanɛ da’ad nɛ tʋʋlʋg.
Din an tempʋkanɛ bɛ bɔn’ɔgʋn la, saŋa ya’a tiak bi’ela Accra mɛ ɛɛnti tiaknɛ ka nidib kal sʋ’ʋlʋmin la maligim paasid ka mugusʋg bɛ di ni.[26] Climate & Development Knowledge Network mɛ yɛl ye wada banɛ gɔsid mɛɛb yɛla nɛ, wa’adim suoya banɛ bɛ gɔmena nam ni la, gɔmena lʋga pʋ tisid taaba labayaa bɛɛ a-ba’ kae nam ya mɛɛb yɛla kɛya ka Accra ku’osuoya ka’ sʋm ka mɔr daaʋŋ.[27]
| Accra Tia'asid si'em (Accra International Airport) din yi 1991 ti paae 2020, extremes 1936–2020 | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Yʋʋm. | Ful | Daw | Vaa | Sig | Sigs | Naad | Mɔr | Mɔt | Saw | Sap | Sam | Yʋʋm |
| Record high °C (°F) | 36.6
(97.9) |
37.1
(98.8) |
36.5
(97.7) |
38.7
(101.7) |
35.0
(95.0) |
33.5
(92.3) |
32.3
(90.1) |
32.8
(91.0) |
33.9
(93.0) |
34.5
(94.1) |
38.0
(100.4) |
36.0
(96.8) |
38.7
(101.7) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 32.6
(90.7) |
33.0
(91.4) |
33.0
(91.4) |
32.7
(90.9) |
31.8
(89.2) |
29.8
(85.6) |
28.6
(83.5) |
28.4
(83.1) |
29.6
(85.3) |
31.1
(88.0) |
32.1
(89.8) |
32.4
(90.3) |
31.3
(88.3) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 28.5
(83.3) |
29.2
(84.6) |
29.2
(84.6) |
29.0
(84.2) |
28.3
(82.9) |
26.8
(80.2) |
25.9
(78.6) |
25.6
(78.1) |
26.5
(79.7) |
27.5
(81.5) |
28.3
(82.9) |
28.6
(83.5) |
27.8
(82.0) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 24.5
(76.1) |
25.4
(77.7) |
25.4
(77.7) |
25.3
(77.5) |
24.7
(76.5) |
23.8
(74.8) |
23.3
(73.9) |
22.9
(73.2) |
23.4
(74.1) |
23.8
(74.8) |
24.6
(76.3) |
24.7
(76.5) |
24.3
(75.7) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 15.0
(59.0) |
16.7
(62.1) |
18.9
(66.0) |
19.4
(66.9) |
18.6
(65.5) |
17.8
(64.0) |
17.8
(64.0) |
17.2
(63.0) |
18.3
(64.9) |
19.4
(66.9) |
17.8
(64.0) |
16.7
(62.1) |
15.0
(59.0) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 11.8
(0.46) |
25.5
(1.00) |
61.1
(2.41) |
87.8
(3.46) |
151.4
(5.96) |
189.6
(7.46) |
63.0
(2.48) |
21.0
(0.83) |
42.9
(1.69) |
80.0
(3.15) |
37.2
(1.46) |
27.2
(1.07) |
798.5
(31.44) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 0.8 | 1.6 | 4.1 | 4.7 | 8.3 | 10.2 | 5.4 | 3.6 | 5.4 | 5.7 | 2.8 | 1.5 | 54.1 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 77 | 78 | 79 | 80 | 81 | 85 | 84 | 83 | 81 | 82 | 80 | 80 | 81 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 185.9 | 189.7 | 211.9 | 221.2 | 219.4 | 157.9 | 150.8 | 146.8 | 173.0 | 237.6 | 244.9 | 222.7 | 2,361.8 |
| Din yi zin'isi'a 1: NOAA[28] | |||||||||||||
| Din yi zin'isi'a 2: Deutscher Wetterdienst (extremes 1936–1990, humidity 1952–1967)[29] | |||||||||||||
Kpɛmir tʋʋma
[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]Accra kpɛmir yɛla pʋnɛ zin’isa ayi. Ba mɔr gban’ar suoya nwɛnɛ banɛ gɔsid tempʋʋgʋn la suoya ken yɛla, ka district kpɛɛmnam gɔsidi di yɛla,[30] ka sʋ’ʋlʋm wʋsa mɛ mɔr kpɛɛmbanɛ gɔsid sʋ’ʋlʋmkan tʋʋma nɛ di tuon ken yɛla, nwɛnɛ sʋ’ʋlʋm la suoya, ba sa’ad vaar nɛ basib zin’ig nɛ yɛlbanɛ daamid sʋ’ʋlʋmkan.
Accra Metropolitan District kʋdʋg la labisim da anɛ , 199.4 km2 (77.0 sq mi),[4] din da bɛ keŋ paae yʋʋm tusa ayi nɛ anii (2008) la, nananna, ba yʋ’ʋm pʋdʋgi dinɛ ka di yʋ’ʋm mɔr district nam piinɛ atan (13), ka ba gɔsidi ba mɛŋ yɛla ka mɔri ba la’asʋg zin’is nɛ ba diisinam banɛ ka Ghana gɔmena gaansi tisi ba. Sʋ’ʋlʋm wʋsa gɔsidi ba sʋ’ʋlʋm yɛla.
Accra Metropolitan District kanɛ ka ba da sie la (ka ba mɛ buon ye City of Accra la), ka mɔr 20.4 km2 (7.9 sq mi), da anɛ Accra wʋsa, ti paae sankanɛ ka ba yis Ledzokuku, Krowor, La Dadekotopon, Ablekuma North, Ablekuma Central, Ablekuma West, Ayawaso East, Ayawaso North, Ayawaso Central, Ayawaso West, Okaikwei North, nɛ Korley Kottey districts ka ba liebi ba district nam yʋ’ʋm bɛ ba gʋnni yʋʋm tusa ayi nɛ nii (2008) nɛ yʋʋm tusa ayi nɛ awai (2019) saŋa.
Distiriknam
[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]Accra Metropolitan District (City of Accra)
Accra Metropolitan District anɛ distirik piinɛ atan (13) la yinne ka mɔr labakʋda ka lɛn an Accra kpiisʋg zin’ig ka ba buon ye Central Business District (CBD). Banɛ bɔɔd ye ba nyaŋi kɛ ka la’abanɛ ka distirik la mɔr la nyaŋi siak nidib la nɛ tʋʋma la, ba pʋdig distirik lanɛ zin’isa atan Ashiedu Keteke, Okaikoi South, nɛ Ablekuma South distiriknam.[31]
Accra Metropolitan Assembly, dinɛ gɔsid City of Accra titɔndis banɛ gilig Accra Metropolitan District, kpɛɛm anɛ Metropolitan Chief Executive onɛ ka Republic of Ghana zugraan gaŋ. Onɛ an Mayor tis Accra anɛ Mohammed Adjei Sowah, onɛ ka zugraan Nana Akufo-Addo da gaŋ o ka AMA da siak ka bas o suor ye o aan ba diisi din yi yʋʋm tusa ayi nɛ piinɛ yɔpɔi Nwadisa atan la dabpisi nɛ atan daad (23 March 2017).[32]
Ablekuma South sub-metropolitan district sʋ’ʋlʋm la labisim na an nwɛnɛ 6 km2 (2.3 sq mi) ka tɔnd nɛ Ablekuma Central nɛ Ablekuma North Municipal Assembll nam, nɛ Ashiedu Keteke sub-metropolitan district.[33] Di mɔrnɛ vɔɔtʋg sʋ’ʋlʋmnam anu (5): Korle Gonno, Korlebu, Chorkor, Mamprobi, nɛ New Mamprobi.
Tembibis banɛ bɛ Okaikoi South sub-metropolitan district la anɛ Darkuman, New Fadama, Kaneshie, Bubiashie, nɛ Avenor.[34] Sʋ’ʋlʋm kaŋa mɔrnɛ vɔɔtʋg sʋ’ʋlʋmnam anii (8) ka ba an Awudome, Goten, Kaatsean, Mukose, Bubuashie, Bubui, Avenor nɛ Kaneshie.
Ashiedu Keteke sub-metropolitan district mɛ pin’il Central Business District (CBD) ka dinzug ka di an kpiisʋg zin’ig Metropolis la ni. Da’ bɛda banɛ bɛ ani sieba anɛ Makola, Agbogbloshie, nɛ Kwasiodwaso. Ba mɔri vɔɔtʋg sʋ’ʋlʋmnam anii (8). Ba anɛ Ngleshie, Mudor, Kinka, Nmlitsagonno, Amamomo, Korle Wonkon, nɛ Korle Dudor.[35]
Ledzekuku Municipal District
Ledzekuku Municipal District, ka di tempʋtita’a an Teshie la,labisim na nwɛnɛ 31.3 km2 (12.1 sq mi).[1]
Krowor Municipal District
Ba da nwaae Krowor Municipal District yinɛ Ledzokuku-Krowor Municipal Districtin yʋʋm tusa ayi nɛ piinɛ nii (2018) la ni. Di tempʋtita’ar bɛnɛ Nungua.[36]
La Dadekotopon Municipal District
La Dadekotopon Municipal District, ka di tempʋtita’ar bɛ La, da nwaae yinɛ Accra Metropolitan Districtin yʋʋm tusa ayi nɛ piinɛ ayi la ni (2012).[37] Kotoka International Airport, Airport City, Accra Mall, nɛ US Embassy anɛ banɛ bɛ district la ni, ka di labisim na an nwɛnɛ 32 km2 (12 sq mi).[1] Tembanɛ bɛ sʋ’ʋlʋm la ni sieba anɛ Cantonments, Labone, nɛ Burma Camp.
Ablekuma North Municipal District
Ba da nwaae Ablekuma North Municipal District yinɛ Accra Metropolitan District ni yʋʋm tusa ayi nɛ piinɛ anii la ni (2018) ka di tempʋtita’ar an Darkuman Kokompe.[38]
Ablekuma Central Municipal District
Ablekuma Central Municipal District labisim anɛ wʋʋ 8.8 km2 (3.4 sq mi).[1] Di tempʋtita’ar anɛ Lartebiokorshie.
Ablekuma West Municipal District
Ba da nwaae Ablekuma West Municipal District yinɛ Accra Metropolitan District yʋʋm tusa ayi nɛ piinɛ anii (2018) la ni ka di tempʋtita’ar an Dansoman.[39]
Ayawaso East Municipal District
Ayawaso East Municipal District da nwaae yinɛ s yinɛ Accra Metropolitan District yʋʋm tusa ayi nɛ piinɛ anii (2018) la ni ka di tempʋtita’ar an Nima.
Ayawaso North Municipal District
Ba da nwaae Ayawaso North Municipal District yinɛ Accra Metropolitan District yʋʋm tusa ayi nɛ piinɛ anii (2018) la ni ka di tempʋtita’ar an Accra Newtown.[39]
Ayawaso Central Municipal District
Ba da nwaae Ayawaso Central Municipal District yinɛ Accra Metropolitan District ka di tempʋtita’ar an Kokomlemle.[40]
Ayawaso West Municipal District
Ban da nwaae Ayawaso West Municipal District yinɛ Accra Metropolitan District yʋʋm tusa ayi nɛ piinɛ anii (2018) la ni ka di tempʋtita’ar an Dzorwulu.
Okaikwei North Municipal District
Korley Kottey Municipal District
Ba da nwaae Korley Klottey Municipal District yinɛ Accra Metropolitan District yʋʋm tusa ayi nɛ piinɛ awai (2019) la ni ka di labisim an wʋʋ 10 km2 (3.9 sq mi)[1] tɛmbanɛ bɛ district la sʋ’ʋlʋm sieba anɛ Osu, Ringway Estates, Asylum Down, North Ridge, West Ridge, Ministries, Gold Coast City, North Adabraka, nɛ Tudu. Distirik la mɔrnɛ vɔɔtʋg sʋ’ʋlʋmnam awai (9) ka ba an Osu Doku, Ringway Estates, Kinkawe, Osu Alata, Asylum Down, North Adabraka, Tudu, Odorna/Sahara, nɛ Official Town.
Tempʋʋg la pʋ si'em
[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]Accra pʋʋgʋn
Ring Road yinɛ Korle Lagoon lɛbid ya-tuona baba, ka di ya-datiʋŋ baba an Kwame Nkrumah Circle, di ya-nya’aŋ baba anɛ Independence Avenue, ka tɔlis tuonɛ keŋ Osu, di maalnɛ baŋ gilig district kʋda banɛ da bɛ Accra, ka mɛ bak Accra pʋʋgʋn nɛ teŋkpɛmis banɛ bɛ di sʋ’ʋlʋm.
Accra pʋʋgʋn anɛ CBD, dinɛ da mɔr district banɛ an Usshertown, Tudu, Victoriaborg, West Ridge, nɛ East Ridge, la’anɛ district banɛ ka nidib gbɛɛndi ani nwɛnɛ Jamestown, Adabraka, Asylum Down, North Ridge nɛ Christiansborg/Osu.
La’anɛ district banɛ ni ka ba kpiisid nwɛnɛ Airport City bɛnɛ gilig tempʋʋg la wʋsa, Accra Tempʋʋg la kpɛlim an kpi’eŋ zin’ig nɛ malima bɛ Accra tempʋʋgʋn, dinɛ mɔr gɔmena lʋga, yigbɛɛnda, kpikpiŋ nɛ ligiid sʋ’ak zin’is.
Accra tempʋʋgʋn zin’ivɛnlla anɛ Kwame Nkrumah Mausoleum, National Museum, Independence Square, National Theatre, nɛ Ohene Djan Stadium.
Accra Ya-datiʋŋ baba
Northern Accra anɛ gbɛɛnsa nɛ kpikpiŋ district. Sʋ’ʋlʋm kan ka "37" Military Hospital, Flagstaff House, nɛ tensieba embassies, Achimota School, Achimota Golf Park, nɛ University of Ghana's Legon campus, dinɛ tɔnd nɛ Accra north la bɛ.
Fʋ ya’a gɔs babir pa’alʋg nii, zin’ibanɛ bɛ Ring Road West dagɔbʋg nɛ Central, Winneba nɛ Graphic Road lɛbid ya-nya’aŋ, Liberation suorin la lɛbid ya-dagɔbʋg, nɛ district banɛ bɛ Kwame Nkrumah motorway la ya-nya’ŋ nɛ ya-datiʋŋ anɛ dinɛ bɛ Northern Accra. Sʋ’ʋlʋm banɛ bɛ Accra Ya-datiʋŋ baba anɛ bama, Ashongnman, Madina, Haatso, North, West Legon nɛ sieba.
Accra Ya-nya'aŋ baba
Eastern Accra anɛ nidib gbɛɛnsa zin’is ka mɛ bɛ Ring Road East dagɔbʋg la anɛ, din yi Kwame Nkrumah Motorway ya-datiʋŋ; distirik la tɔndnɛ lɛbid Ya-tuona la anɛ Liberation Suor.
Accra Ya-tuona baba
Western Accra bɛdegʋ anɛ gbɛɛnsa nɛ kpiisʋg zin’ig. Ka fʋ ya’a gɔs din bɛ zin’isi’a la pʋ yaligi paae northern nɛ eastern ti paae tempʋʋg la yinɛ saltponds banɛ bɛ Tettegu nɛ Aplaku, zin’ibanɛ an zin’ivɛnlla bɛ sʋ’ʋlʋmin la anɛ Korle Bu Teaching Hospital.
Fʋ ya’a gɔs din bɛ zin’isi’a, zin’ibanɛ bɛ Ring Road West ya-tuona la, yaligi paae northern nɛ eastern ti paae tempʋʋg la yinɛ saltponds ka Graphic Road lɛbid ya-dagɔbʋg, anɛ Accra West.[41]
Gbaʋŋ zamisʋg
[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]Bibaanlʋg sakur
Pre-school anɛ nursery nɛ kindergarten. Yʋʋm tusa ayi nɛ yinne (2001) la ni, bibanɛ da ken bibaanlʋg sakur Accra da anɛ Tusa Ayɔpɔi, kɔbʋswai nɛ pisi nɛ tan (7,923) (bipumis Tusa atan, kɔbʋsnii nɛ piswai nɛ atan (3,893) ka biribis an Tusa anaasi nɛ pistan’ (4,030). Yʋʋm tusa ayi nɛ piiga (2010) ni, banɛ da ken bibaanlʋg sakur la da anɛ piswai nɛ nii kɔbʋga pʋʋgʋn (98%).[42] Banɛ gɔsid bibaanlʋg sakur ken yɛla anɛ Ministry of Employment nɛ Social Welfare, ka ba bɛdegʋ aan asʋ’ʋ-m-mɛŋ sakuya. Yʋʋm tusa ayi nɛ yinne (2001), gɔmena Sakuya piyuobʋ (62) da bɛ Accra metropolis.
Primary school
Primary school sakur biis da zu’oe gaad biribis.[42] Yʋʋm tusa yi nɛ piiga (2010) la ni, biis banɛ da bɛ primary school kal da anɛ piswai nɛ anu kɔbʋga pʋʋgʋn (95%).[42]
Junior high school (JHS)
Junior High School paasnɛ Ghana's basic education program. Di Ghana wʋsa maalʋg da pin’ilnɛ yʋʋm tusir, kɔbʋswai nɛ pisnii nɛ ayɔpɔi nwadisa awai la dabpisi nɛ awai daar (29 September 1987).
Yʋʋm tusa ayi nɛ yinne nɛ yʋʋm tusa ayi nɛ ayi (2001/2002) gbaʋŋ zamisʋg yʋʋm la nii, biis Tusa pisyuobʋ nɛ yinne nɛ pisnii (61,080) banɛ bɛ Accra da ken sakur, kanl kaŋa zɛmnɛ pisnu nɛ yɔpɔi dʋ’al piinɛ yɔpɔi kɔbʋga pʋʋgʋn (57.17%) yi biis Tusa Kɔbʋga nɛ pisi nɛ awa, kɔbʋsnaasi nɛ pisyuobʋ nɛ yɔpɔi (129,467) banɛ yʋma an piinɛ ayi (12) keŋ paae piinɛ anaasi (14) ka di nar ye ba keŋ sakur la. Yʋʋm tusa ayi nɛ piiga la ni (2010), sakur biis banɛ da ken Junior high school da anɛ piswai nɛ anu kɔbʋga pʋʋgʋn (95%).[42] Bipumis kanl da gaad biribis zi’esim kaŋa ni.[42]
Senior high school (SHS)
Biis banɛ naan junior high ken senior high school la paasi yi pistan kɔbʋga pʋʋgʋn (30%) yʋʋm tusir, kɔbiswai nɛ piswai (1990) keŋ pisnu kɔbʋga pʋʋgʋn (50%) yʋʋm tusa ayi nɛ yinne la ni (2001). Ka ba kanl nɔbʋgʋ yi Tusa pisi nɛ atan’, kɔbʋga nɛ ayi (23,102) din yi yʋʋm tusir, kɔbʋswai nɛ piswai la ni (1990) ti paae yʋʋm tusa ayi nɛ anu (2005) la ni, ka lɛm paas nwɛnɛ tusa ayi, kɔbʋstan nɛ piiga (2,310) yʋʋm wʋsa pʋʋgʋn, din yi yʋʋm tusa ayi nɛ piiga (2010) la ni, senior high school sakur biis kanl anɛ piswai nɛ anu kɔbʋga pʋʋgʋn (95%).[42]
Ghana International School (GIS), asʋ’ʋ-m-mɛŋ lʋgʋr kanɛ an A-Level school ka ba da pin’ili di yʋʋm tusir, kɔbʋswai nɛ pisnu nɛ anu (1955) tis bibanɛ an yʋma atan paae piinɛ anii la (3–18), bɛnɛ Accra Cantonments. Abelemkpe an zin’ikanɛ ka Lincoln Community School, asʋ’ʋ-m-mɛŋ sakur kanɛ an International Baccalaureate (IB) tis bibanɛ an yʋma atan keŋ paae yʋʋm piinɛ anii la (3–18), da pin’ilnɛ Yʋʋm tusir, kɔbʋswai nɛ pisyuobʋ nɛ anii (1968).[43] International Baccalaureate Schools sieba banɛ bɛ Accra anɛ Al-Rayan International School (ARIS), Association International School (AIS), nɛ American International School (AIS). Sakur bama da pin’ilnɛ yʋʋm tusa ayi nɛ atan (2003), yʋʋm tusir kɔbiswai nɛ pisyuobʋ nɛ atan (1963), nɛ yʋʋm tusa ayi nɛ ayuobʋ (2006), nwɛnɛ ba yʋda la dɔl taaba si’em la.
Gɔmena secondary schools banɛ bɛ Accra kpikpɛŋ anɛ: Achimota School, ka bɛdegʋ buon ye "Motown", ka ba da pin’ili di yʋʋm tusir, Kɔbʋswai nɛ pisi nɛ anaasi (1924) la ni ka yɔ’ɔgi di yʋʋm tusir, kɔbʋswai nɛ pisi nɛ ayɔpɔi (1927) la ni;[44] Accra Academy, ka ba buon ye "Accra Aca"; Presbyterian Boys' Secondary School dinɛ bɛ Legon, ka ba buon ye "Presec"; Wesley Grammar School – WESS-G Dansoman, St. Mary's Senior High School, ka bɛdegʋ mi’ ye "Merriez",anɛ bipumis sakur kanɛ bɛ Ghana ka nidib mi’; St. Thomas Aquinas Senior High School, ck aba buon ye "Quinas"; Accra High School ka ba buon ye "Ahisco"; West Africa Secondary School, ka ba buon ye "WASS"; Accra Girls' Senior High School, ka ba buon ye "Agiss"; Kaneshie Secondary Technical School ("Kateco"); Armed Forces Secondary Technical; nɛ St. John's Grammar School; nɛ sieba bɛdegʋ.
Univɛsiti nam
University of Ghana anɛ 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) lɛbid Legon Ya-dagɔbʋg baba. Gɔmena nɛ asʋ’ʋ-m-mɛŋ yunivɛsit nam nɛ tertiary institution nam din yi sankanɛ ka Accra da pin’il, ba sieba la bɛ teŋir la:
Univɛsitinam banɛ bɛ Accra
| Sakur | Zin'ikanɛ ka di bɛ | Onɛ sʋ'oe | Affiliation |
|---|---|---|---|
| University of Ghana (Legon) | Legon | Gɔmena | |
| Accra Institute of Technology (AIT) | Cantonments | Asʋ’ʋ-m-mɛŋ | Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology |
| Regional Maritime University (RMU) | Nungua | Asʋ’ʋ-m-mɛŋ | University of Ghana |
| Ghana Communication Technology University (GCTU) | Tesano | Gɔmena | |
| Islamic University College (ICUG) | East Legon | Asʋ’ʋ-m-mɛŋ | University of Ghana |
| Knutsford University College (Knutsford) | East Legon | Asʋ’ʋ-m-mɛŋ | University of Ghana |
| Methodist University College (MUCG) | Dansoman | Asʋ’ʋ-m-mɛŋ | University of Ghana |
| Regent University College of Science and Technology (Regent) | Mataheko | Asʋ’ʋ-m-mɛŋ | Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology |
| Ashesi University (Ashesi) | Berekuso | Asʋ’ʋ-m-mɛŋ | University of Cape Coast |
| Heritage Christian College | Amasaman | Asʋ’ʋ-m-mɛŋ | Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology |
| Central University College (Central) | Mataheko/Miotso | Asʋ’ʋ-m-mɛŋ | University of Cape Coast |
| Zenith University College (ZUC) | La, Trade Fair | Asʋ’ʋ-m-mɛŋ | University of Cape Coast |
| Ghana Institute of Journalism (GIJ) | Ridge | Gɔmena | University of Ghana |
| Accra Technical University(ATU) | Tudu | Gɔmena | |
| Advanced Business University College (ABUC) | Kaneshie | Asʋ’ʋ-m-mɛŋ | University of Education, Winneba |
| Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration (GIMPA) | Achimota | Gɔmena | |
| The University of Professional Studies (UPS) | Legon | Gɔmena | |
| National Film and Television Institute (NAFTI) | Cantonments | Gɔmena | University of Ghana |
| Valley View University (VVU) | Oyibi | Asʋ’ʋ-m-mɛŋ | |
| African University College of Communications (AUCC) | Adabraka | Asʋ’ʋ-m-mɛŋ | University of Ghana |
| University of Professional Studies, Accra (UPSA) | East-Legon | Gɔmena | Accra |
| Academic City University College (ACUC) | Haatso | Asʋ’ʋ-m-mɛŋ | |
| Pentecost University (Pentvars) | Sowutuom | Asʋ’ʋ-m-mɛŋ | |
| Wisconsin International University College, Ghana | North Legon | Asʋ’ʋ-m-mɛŋ | |
| Webster University, Ghana | East Legon | Asʋ’ʋ-m-mɛŋ |
Gbanvɛɛnsa
[dɛmisim gbɛlima | dɛmisimi din yi zin'isiana]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 "Ghana 2021 Population and Housing Census – General Report Volume 3A – Population of Regions and Districts" (PDF). Ghana Statistical Service. p. 80 (95). Retrieved 29 August 2022.
- ↑ Sum of the land areas of Accra Metropolitan District, Ablekuma Central Municipal District, Ablekuma North Municipal District, Ablekuma West Municipal District, Ayawaso Central Municipal District, Ayawaso East Municipal District, Ayawaso North Municipal District, Ayawaso West Municipal District, Korle Klottey Municipal District, Krowor Municipal District, La Dadekotopon Municipal District, Ledzokuku Municipal District, and Okaikoi North Municipal District, as per the 2021 census, page 80: [1].
- ↑ "Walking You Through Accra's Beautiful Attractions". Peace FM Online. 31 January 2022. Archived from the original on 31 January 2022. Retrieved 31 January 2022.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Amponsah, Owusu; Takyi, Stephen Appiah (31 January 2023). "Accra is congested, but relocating Ghana's capital is not the only option". The Conversation. Retrieved 18 August 2023.
- ↑ The country's first president, Kwame Nkrumah, declared the Accra Town Council, as it was referred to at the time, a city.
- ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accra_Metropolitan_District
- ↑ "Our Background – AMA". Archived from the original on 10 January 2018. Retrieved 14 January 2018.
- ↑ "Accra — Ghana Articles". Archived from the original on 15 August 2016. Retrieved 24 June 2016.
- ↑ "Environmental and Structural Inequalities in Greater Accra". The Journal of the International Institute. 16 (1). Fall 2008. Archived from the original on 19 October 2012. Retrieved 22 July 2010.
- ↑ "The World According to GaWC 2020". GaWC – Research Network. Globalization and World Cities. Archived from the original on 24 August 2020. Retrieved 31 August 2020.
- ↑ Akuamoa, Geoffrey (18 March 2013). "The Gas". KWAME, THE LAST SLAVE FROM WEST AFRICA. Lulu.com. ISBN 978-1-291-35746-2. Archived from the original on 17 February 2022. Retrieved 24 October 2020.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 https://books.google.com/books?id=qv-AjAHjud8C&q=accra+etymology&pg=PA6
- ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=HeibAAAAQBAJ&q=accra+nkran&pg=PA12
- ↑ Rucker, Walter C. (28 September 2015). Gold Coast Diasporas: Identity, Culture, and Power. Indiana University Press. p. 30. ISBN 978-0-253-01701-7. Archived from the original on 17 February 2022. Retrieved 24 October 2020.
- ↑ Dakubu, Mary Esther Kropp (1 January 1997). Korle Meets the Sea: A Sociolinguistic History of Accra. Oxford University Press. p. 113. ISBN 978-0-19-h506061-4. Archived from the original on 17 February 2022. Retrieved 24 October 2020.
- ↑ Ntiamoah, Eric Maclean (1 January 2008). The City of Accra – A Pictorial Visit. AuthorHouse. p. 4. ISBN 978-1-4343-5860-8. Archived from the original on 17 February 2022. Retrieved 24 October 2020.
- ↑ Harries, Patrick; Maxwell, David (20 July 2012). The Spiritual in the Secular: Missionaries and Knowledge about Africa. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p. 73. ISBN 978-0-8028-6634-9. Archived from the original on 17 February 2022. Retrieved 24 October 2020.
- ↑ Jenkins, Paul (1 January 1998). The Recovery of the West African Past: African Pastors and African History in the Nineteenth Century : C.C. Reindorf & Samuel Johnson : Papers from an International Seminar Held in Basel, Switzerland, 25–28th October 1995 to Celebrate the Centenary of the Publication of C.C. Reindorf's History of the Gold Coast and Asante. Basler Afrika Bibliographien. p. 86. ISBN 978-3-905141-70-2. Archived from the original on 17 February 2022. Retrieved 24 October 2020.
- ↑ "History of Accra". The African Executive. Archived from the original on 7 July 2011. Retrieved 22 July 2010.
- ↑ "History of Accra". Archived from the original on 31 May 2011. Retrieved 17 February 2011.
- ↑ Nyadzi, Ralph (22 April 2019). "The Causes and Effects of the 1948 Accra Riots in Ghana". Cegast Academy. Archived from the original on 8 May 2023. Retrieved 2 October 2023.
- ↑ PRAAD. "The Riots of 28th February 1948". Public Records and Archives AdministrationDepartment. Marichael Company Limited. Retrieved 2 October 2023.
- ↑ Roman Adrian Cybriwsky, Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture, ABC-CLIO, USA, 2013, p. 5
- ↑ "Accra Conferences". Archived from the original on 17 October 2011.
- ↑ "Average Conditions Accra, Ghana". BBC Weather. May 2011. Archived from the original on 21 October 2006. Retrieved 9 September 2009.
- ↑ Using climate information to achieve long-term development objectives in coastal Ghana and Mozambique Archived 18 March 2015 at the Wayback Machine. Climate & Development Knowledge Network. Retrieved 16 April 2015
- ↑ Future Climate for Africa Archived 15 April 2015 at the Wayback Machine. Climate & Development Knowledge Network. Retrieved 16 April 2015
- ↑ "Accra Climate Normals 1991–2020". World Meteorological Organization Climatological Standard Normals (1991–2020). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on 28 September 2023. Retrieved 28 September 2023
- ↑ "Klimatafel von Accra (Int. Flugh.) / Ghana" (PDF). Baseline climate means (1961–1990) from stations all over the world (in German). Deutscher Wetterdienst. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 May 2019. Retrieved 17 October 2016.
- ↑ "Programmes & Projects – MLGRD". mlgrd.gov.gh. Archived from the original on 22 October 2017. Retrieved 22 October 2017.
- ↑ Accra Metropolitan Assembly, Boundary and Administrative Area Archived 2 November 2010 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 1 July 2009.
- ↑ Adjei, Jonathan (23 March 2017). "Akufo-Addo's nominee, Adjei Sowah secures full endorsement as Accra Mayor". Kasapa fm online. Archived from the original on 6 August 2017. Retrieved 6 August 2017.
- ↑ "AMA – Ablekuma South". Archived from the original on 17 May 2021. Retrieved 1 March 2021.
- ↑ "AMA – Okaikoi South". Archived from the original on 17 May 2021. Retrieved 1 March 2021
- ↑ "AMA – Ashiedu Keteke". Archived from the original on 20 October 2021. Retrieved 1 March 2021.
- ↑ "Ghana Districts: A repository of all Local Assemblies in Ghana". Archived from the original on 29 January 2021. Retrieved 1 March 2021.
- ↑ "Ghana Districts: A repository of all Local Assemblies in Ghana". Archived from the original on 29 January 2021. Retrieved 1 March 2021.
- ↑ "Ghana Districts: A repository of all Local Assemblies in Ghana". Archived from the original on 28 January 2021. Retrieved 1 March 2021.
- ↑ 39.0 39.1 "Districts of Ghana". statoids. Archived from the original on 3 July 2015. Retrieved 8 June 2018.
- ↑ "Ayawaso Central Municipal Assembly. – The Ayawaso Central Municipal is one of the newly created assemblies and districts in Ghana". Acma.gov.gh. Archived from the original on 30 November 2021. Retrieved 17 February 2022.
- ↑ "A repository of all districts in the republic of Ghana". Ghana Districts. Archived from the original on 11 July 2011. Retrieved 5 August 2010.
- ↑ 42.0 42.1 42.2 42.3 42.4 42.5 "UNICEF at a glance: Ghana – Statistics". unicef.org. UNICEF. Archived from the original on 3 April 2012. Retrieved 5 April 2012.
- ↑ "Lincoln Community School". School Website. Archived from the original on 26 September 2009. Retrieved 29 October 2009.
- ↑ "Achimota School Website". Achimota School. Archived from the original on 23 September 2009. Retrieved 29 October 2009.